Category: 32462-30-9

Chandra, Pallavi; He, Li; Zimmerman, Matthew; Yang, Guozhe; Koster, Stefan; Ouimet, Mireille; Wang, Han; Moore, Kathyrn J.; Dartois, Veronique; Schilling, Joel D.; Philips, Jennifer A. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation promotes macrophage control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Name: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH And the article contains the following content:

Macrophage activation involves metabolic reprogramming to support antimicrobial cellular functions. How these metabolic shifts influence the outcome of infection by intracellular pathogens remains incompletely understood. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates host metabolic pathways and utilizes host nutrients, including cholesterol and fatty acids, to survive within macrophages. We found that intracellular growth of Mtb depends on host fatty acid catabolism: when host fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) was blocked chem. with trimetazidine, a compound in clin. use, or genetically by deletion of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), Mtb failed to grow in macrophages, and its growth was attenuated in mice. Mechanistic studies support a model in which inhibition of FAO generates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which enhance macrophage NADPH oxidase and xenophagy activity to better control Mtb infection. Thus, FAO inhibition promotes key antimicrobial functions of macrophages and overcomes immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Name: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

The Article related to fatty acid oxidation inhibition macrophage mitochondria tuberculosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis , nadph oxidase, fatty acid oxidation, innate immunity, macrophages, mitochondrial metabolism and other aspects.Name: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

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On January 15, 2021, Kaniusaite, Milda; Tailhades, Julien; Kittilae, Tiia; Fage, Christopher D.; Goode, Robert J. A.; Schittenhelm, Ralf B.; Cryle, Max J. published an article.Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9 The title of the article was Understanding the early stages of peptide formation during the biosynthesis of teicoplanin and related glycopeptide antibiotics. And the article contained the following:

The biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) demonstrates the exceptional ability of nonribosomal peptide (NRP) synthesis to generate diverse and complex structures from an expanded array of amino acid precursors. While the heptapeptide cores of GPAs share a conserved C terminus, including the aromatic residues involved crosslinking and that are essential for the antibiotic activity of GPAs, most structural diversity is found within the N terminus of the peptide. Furthermore, the origin of the (D)-stereochem. of residue 1 of all GPAs is currently unclear, despite its importance for antibiotic activity. Given these important features, we have now reconstituted modules (M) 1-4 of the NRP synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines that synthesize the clin. relevant type IV GPA teicoplanin and the related compound A40926. Our results show that important roles in amino acid modification during the NRPS-mediated biosynthesis of GPAs can be ascribed to the actions of condensation domains present within these modules, including the incorporation of (D)-amino acids at position 1 of the peptide. Our results also indicate that hybrid NRPS assembly lines can be generated in a facile manner by mixing NRPS proteins from different systems and that uncoupling of peptide formation due to different rates of activity seen for NRPS modules can be controlled by varying the ratio of NRPS modules. Taken together, this indicates that NRPS assembly lines function as dynamic peptide assembly lines and not static megaenzyme complexes, which has significant implications for biosynthetic redesign of these important biosynthetic systems. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9

The Article related to nonribosomal peptide synthetase teicoplanin biosynthesis stereochem glycopeptide antibiotic, biosynthesis, epimerisation, glycopeptide antibiotics, nonribosomal peptide synthetase, teicoplanin and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9

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On July 17, 2015, Diez, Veronica; Loznik, Mark; Taylor, Sandra; Winn, Michael; Rattray, Nicholas J. W.; Podmore, Helen; Micklefield, Jason; Goodacre, Royston; Medema, Marnix H.; Mueller, Ulrike; Bovenberg, Roel; Janssen, Dick B.; Takano, Eriko published an article.Application In Synthesis of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH The title of the article was Functional Exchangeability of Oxidase and Dehydrogenase Reactions in the Biosynthesis of Hydroxyphenylglycine, a Nonribosomal Peptide Building Block. And the article contained the following:

A key problem in the engineering of pathways for the production of pharmaceutical compounds is the limited diversity of biosynthetic enzymes, which restricts the attainability of suitable traits such as less harmful byproducts, enhanced expression features, or different cofactor requirements. A promising synthetic biol. approach is to redesign the biosynthetic pathway by replacing the native enzymes by heterologous proteins from unrelated pathways. In this study, we applied this method to effectively re-engineer the biosynthesis of hydroxyphenylglycine (HPG), a building block for the calcium-dependent antibiotic of Streptomyces coelicolor, a nonribosomal peptide. A key step in HPG biosynthesis is the conversion of 4-hydroxymandelate to 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate, catalyzed by hydroxymandelate oxidase (HmO), with concomitant generation of H2O2. The same reaction can also be catalyzed by O2-independent mandelate dehydrogenase (MdlB), which is a catabolic enzyme involved in bacterial mandelate utilization. In this work, we engineered alternative HPG biosynthetic pathways by replacing the native HmO in S. coelicolor by both heterologous oxidases and MdlB dehydrogenases from various sources and confirmed the restoration of calcium-dependent antibiotic biosynthesis by biol. and UHPLC-MS anal. The alternative enzymes were isolated and kinetically characterized, confirming their divergent substrate specificities and catalytic mechanisms. These results demonstrate that heterologous enzymes with different physiol. contexts can be used in a Streptomyces host to provide an expanded library of enzymic reactions for a synthetic biol. approach. This study thus broadens the options for the engineering of antibiotic production by using enzymes with different catalytic and structural features. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Application In Synthesis of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

The Article related to hydroxyphenylglycine biosynthesis oxidase dehydrogenase functional exchangeability, hmo, mdlb, uhplc-ms, calcium-dependent antibiotics, l-hpg biosynthesis, nonribosomal peptide, synthetic biology and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

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Newcombe, Sonya; Bobin, Mariusz; Shrikhande, Amruta; Gallop, Chris; Pace, Yannick; Yong, Helen; Gates, Rebecca; Chaudhuri, Shuvashri; Roe, Mark; Hoffmann, Eva; Viseux, Eddy M. E. published an article in 2013, the title of the article was Gold amides as anticancer drugs: synthesis and activity studies.HPLC of Formula: 32462-30-9 And the article contains the following content:

Access to modern chemotherapeutics with robust and flexible synthetic routes that are amenable to extensive customization is a key requirement in drug synthesis and discovery. A class of chiral gold amide complexes featuring amino acid derived ligands is reported herein. They all exhibit in vitro cytotoxicity against two slow growing breast cancer cell lines with limited toxicity towards normal epithelial cells. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).HPLC of Formula: 32462-30-9

The Article related to gold complex triflic amide amino acid derivative preparation, antitumor activity gold complex triflic amide amino acid derivative, thioredoxin reductase inhibition gold complex triflic amide amino acid and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 32462-30-9

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On February 14, 2018, Peters, David S.; Romesberg, Floyd E.; Baran, Phil S. published an article.Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9 The title of the article was Scalable access to arylomycins via C-H functionalization logic. And the article contained the following:

Arylomycins are a promising class of “latent” antibacterial natural products currently in preclin. development. Access to analogs within this family has previously required a lengthy route involving multiple functional group manipulations that is costly and time-intensive on scale. This study presents a simplified route predicated on simple C-H functionalization logic that is enabled by a Cu-mediated oxidative phenol coupling that mimics the putative biosynthesis. This operationally simple macrocyclization is the largest of its kind and can be easily performed on gram scale. The application of this new route to a formal synthesis of the natural product and a collection of new analogs along with their biol. evaluation is also reported. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9

The Article related to natural product arylomycin analog synthesis antibacterial structure activity antibiotic, oxidative phenol coupling copper catalyst macrocyclization solvent effect, mol docking ligand protein interaction and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9

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On February 10, 2018, Liu, Sha; Jing, Li; Yu, Zhu-Jun; Wu, Chengyong; Zheng, Yongxiang; Zhang, En; Chen, Qiang; Yu, Yamei; Guo, Li; Wu, Yong; Li, Guo-Bo published an article.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3 The title of the article was ((S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)acetic acid derivatives as metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors: Synthesis, kinetic and crystallographic studies. And the article contained the following:

A set of 2-substituted ((S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)acetic acid derivatives I [R = Ph, Bn, 4-HO-C6H4, etc.] were synthesized and some of which displayed potent inhibition with high ligand efficiency to the clin. relevant MBL subtypes, Verona Integron-encoded MBL (VIM)-2 and New Delhi MBL (NDM)-1. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibitors were not strong zinc chelators in solution, and they bound reversibly to VIM-2 but dissociate very slowly. Crystallog. analyses revealed that they inhibited VIM-2 via chelating the active site zinc ions and interacting with catalytically important residues. Further cell- and zebrafish-based assays revealed that the inhibitors slightly increased the susceptibility of E. coli cells expressing VIM-2 to meropenem and they had no apparent toxicity to the viability of HEK293T cells and the zebrafish embryogenesis. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

The Article related to mercapto alkanamido acetic acid preparation, ndm1 beta lactamase inhibitor antibacterial activity sar mol docking, antibacterial resistance, crystallography, inhibitor design, metallo-β-lactamase (mbl), vim-2 and other aspects.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

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Cho, Taeheum; Han, Hyo-Sang; Jeong, Junhyuk; Park, Eun-Mi; Shim, Kyu-Sik published an article in 2021, the title of the article was A novel computational approach for the discovery of drug delivery system candidates for COVID-19.Safety of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH And the article contains the following content:

In order to treat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we predicted and implemented a drug delivery system (DDS) that can provide stable drug delivery through a computational approach including a clustering algorithm and the SchrÖdinger software. Six carrier candidates were derived by the proposed method that could find mols. meeting the predefined conditions using the mol. structure and its functional group positional information. Then, just one compound named glycyrrhizin was selected as a candidate for drug delivery through the SchrÖdinger software. Using glycyrrhizin, nafamostat mesilate (NM), which is known for its efficacy, was converted into micelle nanoparticles (NPs) to improve drug stability and to effectively treat COVID-19. The spherical particle morphol. was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the particle size and stability of 300-400 nm were evaluated by measuring DLSand the zeta potential. The loading of NM was confirmed to be more than 90% efficient using the UV spectrum. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Safety of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

The Article related to discovery drug delivery system covid, cadd, covid-19, clustering, computer-aided drug discovery, docking, drug delivery system, in silico, machine learning, micelle nanoparticles, nafamostat, unsupervised learning and other aspects.Safety of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

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Miguelez, Javier; Miyamura, Hiroyuki; Kobayashi, Shu published an article in 2017, the title of the article was A Polystyrene-Supported Phase-Transfer Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition of Glycine-Derived Imines to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones.Related Products of 32462-30-9 And the article contains the following content:

A 2-oxopyrimidinium salt was immobilized onto a polystyrene-derived polymer to generate a heterogeneous catalyst that effectively promoted the asym. Michael addition of glycine-derived imines to α,β-unsaturated ketones. The reactions proceeded smoothly to afford the desired adducts, (S)-tert-Bu 2-[(diarylmethylidene)amino]-5-oxoalkanoates, in high yields and with high enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee). The polymer catalyst could be recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity or selectivity. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Related Products of 32462-30-9

The Article related to glycine imine enone polystyrene supported oxopyrimidinium asym michael catalyst, amino oxoalkanoate stereoselective preparation, polystyrene supported oxopyrimidinium salt phase transfer catalyst asym michael and other aspects.Related Products of 32462-30-9

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On November 9, 2011, Liu, Jian; Luo, Chuanyun; Smith, Peter A.; Chin, Jodie K.; Page, Malcolm G. P.; Paetzel, Mark; Romesberg, Floyd E. published an article.Name: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH The title of the article was Synthesis and characterization of the arylomycin lipoglycopeptide antibiotics and the crystallographic analysis of their complex with signal peptidase. And the article contained the following:

Glycosylation of natural products, including antibiotics, often plays an important role in determining their phys. properties and their biol. activity, and thus their potential as drug candidates. The arylomycin class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial type I signal peptidase and is comprised of three related series of natural products with a lipopeptide tail attached to a core macrocycle. Previously, we reported the total synthesis of several A series derivatives, which have unmodified core macrocycles, as well as B series derivatives, which have a nitrated macrocycle. We now report the synthesis and biol. evaluation of lipoglycopeptide arylomycin variants whose macrocycles are glycosylated with a deoxy-α-mannose substituent, and also in some cases hydroxylated. The synthesis of the derivatives bearing each possible deoxy-α-mannose enantiomer allowed us to assign the absolute stereochem. of the sugar in the natural product and also to show that while glycosylation does not alter antibacterial activity, it does appear to improve solubility Crystallog. structural studies of a lipoglycopeptide arylomycin bound to its signal peptidase target reveal the mol. interactions that underlie inhibition and also that the mannose is directed away from the binding site into solvent which suggests that other modifications may be made at the same position to further increase solubility and thus reduce protein binding and possibly optimize the pharmacokinetics of the scaffold. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Name: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

The Article related to arylomycin lipoglycopeptide antibiotic synthesis antibacterial structure activity solubility, crystal structure lipoglycopeptide signal peptidase complex modeling, tyrosine coupling cyclization glycosylation and other aspects.Name: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

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Stoller, Sven; Sicoli, Giuseppe; Baranova, Tatiana Y.; Bennati, Marina; Diederichsen, Ulf published an article in 2011, the title of the article was TOPP-A Novel Nitroxide-Labeled Amino Acid for EPR Distance Measurements.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3 And the article contains the following content:

We report the synthesis of a novel, rigid nitroxide-labeled amino acid 4-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2,6-dioxo-4-oxylpiperazin-1-yl)-L-phenylglycine (TOPP, I) that does not produce perturbation of the secondary structure, thus, providing a promising tool for structural studies of peptides and proteins. The design of the TOPP amino acid is based on the alignment of the nitroxide with the Cα-Cβ amino acid bond on one axis and the synthetic applicability with respect to racemization at Cα during amino acid and peptide oligomer synthesis. The present study illustrates the straightforward assignment of a spin-spin distance measured by pulsed EPR which is in contrast to the different and ambiguous result obtained with the commonly used MTSSL label. Furthermore, the predicted reduced mobility of the TOPP spin label represents a potential advantage for its incorporation into transmembrane peptides for the structure determination of peptide arrangements at an at. scale. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

The Article related to topp nitroxide amino acid preparation epr distance peptide, tetramethyldioxooxylpiperazinyl phenylglycine preparation epr distance peptide, nitroxide labeled phenylglycine preparation determination distance peptide epr and other aspects.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

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