Category: 149-32-6

YdfD, a Lysis Protein of the Qin Prophage, Is a Specific Inhibitor of the IspG-Catalyzed Step in the MEP Pathway of Escherichia coli was written by Lu, Zhifang;Wang, Biying;Qiu, Zhiyu;Zhang, Ruiling;Zheng, Jimin;Jia, Zongchao. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Bacterial cryptic prophage (defective prophage) genes are known to drastically influence host physiol., such as causing cell growth arrest or lysis, upon expression. Many phages encode lytic proteins to destroy the cell envelope. As natural antibiotics, only a few lysis target proteins were identified. ydfD is a lytic gene from the Qin cryptic prophage that encodes a 63-amino-acid protein, the ectopic expression of which in Escherichia coli can cause nearly complete cell lysis rapidly. The bacterial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for synthesizing the isoprenoids uniquely required for sustaining bacterial growth. In this study, we provide evidence that YdfD can interact with IspG, a key enzyme involved in the MEP pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. We show that intact YdfD is required for the interaction with IspG to perform its lysis function and that the mRNA levels of ydfD increase significantly under certain stress conditions. Crucially, the cell lysis induced by YdfD can be abolished by the overexpression of ispG or the complementation of the IspG enzyme catalysis product methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. We propose that YdfD from the Qin cryptic prophage inhibits IspG to block the MEP pathway, leading to a compromised cell membrane and cell wall biosynthesis and eventual cell lysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sweeteners from Different Lingonberry Jams Influence on Bioaccessibility of Vitamin C, Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Capacity under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion was written by Scrob, Teodora;Hosu, Anamaria;Cimpoiu, Claudia. And the article was included in Antioxidants in 2022.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Lingonberries are considered anot fully exploited major source of antioxidants. Their health benefits are closely linked to their bioavailability. Due to growing health concerns, consumers are looking for jams prepared with sweeteners other than white sugar, which could be a good alternative to meet their needs. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of sucrose, fructose, erythritol, brown sugar, coconut sugar, stevia and saccharine on the bioaccessibility of vitamin C, anthocyanins andthe antioxidant capacity of lingonberry jams under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The vitamin C, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS and FRAP assays were determined spectrophotometrically. Individual anthocyanins were determined by high performance liquid chromatog. All analyzed compounds were highly altered during gastrointestinal digestion and this effect was more visible in the case of the anthocyanins. Antioxidant capacity decreased after gastric digestion, but after the gastrointestinal step, radical scavenging capacity increased, while reducing power decreased. Vitamin C bioaccessibility was neg. affected by coconut sugar addition, while stevia addition showed a protective effect. Fructose and sucrose increased the total anthocyanin stability during the intestinal phase. Stevia, fructose and coconut sugar exhibited high protection of the antioxidant capacity of lingonberry jams during digestion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of Dietary Allitol on Body Fat Accumulation in Rats. was written by Higaki, Shunsuke;Inai, Reiko;Matsuo, Tatsuhiro. And the article was included in Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology in 2022.Computed Properties of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Allitol is a rare sugar alcohol obtained by reducing d-allulose (d-psicose). However, information on the effects of long-term dietary allitol intake is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of allitol supplementation, as a sugar substitute, on body fat accumulation in rats compared with sucrose, rare sugar d-allulose, or erythritol. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3 wk old) were fed experimental diets including 5% sucrose, allitol, erythritol, or d-allulose for 8 wk ad libitum. Weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency did not differ among the groups. The total body fat mass and percentage, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in rats fed with the allitol diet than in those fed with the sucrose diet. These body fat indicators tended to be lower in rats fed with the erythritol and d-allulose diets than in those fed with the sucrose diet, but there was no significant difference. The serum glucose-lowering effect obtained in rats fed with the d-allulose diet did not appear in rats fed with the allitol diet. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effect of allitol may be equal to or greater than that of d-allulose. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Computed Properties of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C4H10O4

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Single particle measurements of mixing between mimics for biomass burning and aged secondary organic aerosols was written by Habib, Luke;Donahue, Neil. And the article was included in Environmental Science: Atmospheres in 2022.Recommanded Product: 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Gas-phase exchange between aerosol populations via evaporation and condensation of semi-volatile organics can be a major mechanism of mixing between accumulation-mode particles with slow coagulation. This exchange may be impeded in highly viscous, semi-solid, or glassy particles due to diffusion limitations. Here we describe experiments on carefully prepared particle populations representing highly viscous or potentially “glassy” aged organic particles (non-volatile sugars 13C-glucose, sucrose, and raffinose with ammonium sulfate seeds) and fresh biomass burning particles (erythritol with black carbon seeds) to develop a model phase space for organic aerosol systems and better understand when particle phase state impedes mixing. Our hypothesis is that these limitations are alleviated at some relative humidity threshold, which increases with decreasing ambient temperatures We quantify the mixing state of these particle populations from 10-25°C and 5-90% RH using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) combining Event Trigger (ET) and Soot Particle (SP) modes. The observed single particle mass spectra are aggregated in short time slices and used to perform a linear combination of relevant reference spectra to determine the contributions each constituent has on the resulting particle signal. Our results suggest that the non-volatile sugar particles have little to no diffusive limitations to mixing at the conditions tested. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Recommanded Product: 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Erythritol confined in multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced silica aerogel as novel form-stable phase change materials was written by Li, Qi;Feng, Yang;Li, Yi-Ting;Ning, Yu-Hao;Hu, Ping;Lin, Chuan-Huang;Zhang, Yi-Hong;Zhou, Mei;Yu, Lin-Ping;Li, Chuan-Chang;Cao, Zhong;Zeng, Ju-Lan. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.SDS of cas: 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

In this work, pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) and mixed acids treated MCNTs (ACNTs) were applied as reinforcement fillers to prepare silica aerogels via ambient pressure drying followed by lyophilization. The prepared aerogels were then used as supporting materials to adsorb meso-erythritol (ME) to obtain novel form-stable PCMs by vacuum infiltration. Investigation of the prepared form-stable PCMs revealed that the ACNT/SiO₂ aerogels possessed higher porosity than MCNT/SiO₂ aerogels due to that the ACNTs exhibited stronger interactions with silica than the MCNTs, and could more effectively prevent the prepared ACNT/SiO₂ aerogels from collapsing and shrinking during drying. Consequently, the loading of ME in the form-stable PCMs supported by ACNT/SiO₂ aerogels (AFPCMs) was greatly higher than that in the form-stable PCMs supported by MCNT/SiO₂ aerogels (MFPCMs). When ACNT/SiO₂-6 aerogel, in which 60 mg ACNTs were used as reinforcement filler, was applied as supporting material, the obtained form-stable PCM (AFPCM-6) exhibited a very high melting latent heat of 297.3 J/g, an elevated crystallizing temperature of 56°C and an improved crystallizing latent heat of 231 J/g. Besides, the latent heat storage/release properties of AFPCM-6 maintained stable enough over 50 melting/crystallizing cycles. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of AFPCM-6 was 37.5% higher than that of pure ME. Hence, AFPCM-6 could be an excellent form-stable PCM and could find its applications in related fields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6SDS of cas: 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spatially resolved metabolomics reveals variety-specific metabolic changes in banana pulp during postharvest senescence was written by Yin, Zhibin;Dong, Tao;Huang, Wenjie;Du, Mingyi;Chen, Dong;Fernie, Alisdair R.;Yi, Ganjun;Yan, Shijuan. And the article was included in Food Chemistry: X in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Banana is one of most popular fruits globally due to health-promoting and disease-preventing effects, yet little is known about in situ metabolic changes across banana varieties. Here, we integrated gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI-MSI) and metabolomics to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and levels of metabolites within Brazil and Dongguan banana pulps during postharvest senescence. Metabolomics results indicated that both postripening stages and banana varieties contribute to metabolite levels. Benefiting from improved ionization efficiency of small-mol. metabolites and less peak interference, we visualized the spatiotemporal distribution of sugars, amino acids (AAs) and monoamines within pulps using AuNP-assisted LDI-MSI for the first time, revealing that AAs and monoamines exclusively accumulated in the middle region near the seed zone. Monosaccharides and di/trisaccharides were generally distributed across entire pulps but exhibited different accumulation patterns. These findings provide a guide for breeding new varieties and improving extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Complete genome sequencing and strain characterization of a novel marine Bacillus velezensis FTL7 with a potential broad inhibitory spectrum against foodborne pathogens was written by Johny, Lidiya C.;Suresh, P. V.. And the article was included in World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology in 2022.Product Details of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Bacillus velezensis FTL7 which exhibited potent antimicrobial peptide producing capacity was isolated from a marine sediment sample of the West Coast region, South India, and characterized through exptl. and genomic anal. approaches. FTL7 showed potential antimicrobial activity against a broad range of foodborne pathogenic bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Salmonella Typhimurium (MTCC 1251), Staphylococcusaureus (ATCC 25923), and Escherichiacoli (MTCC 443). It also exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Kocuriarhyzophila (ATCC 934) and Bacillussubtilis subsp. spizizenii (ATCC 6633). Phylogenetic anal. by 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that Bacillusvelezensis FTL7 was closely related to B.velezensis LBUM288 (GenBank accession number MG461457) with 100% identity. Whole-genome sequencing of the strain FTL7 was carried out using Illumina sequencing technol. to get a better insight into the mechanisms of controlling pathogens by FTL7. The strain FTL7 has a chromosome size of 3849,077 bp with a GC content of 46.56%. The genome consists of 3635 coding sequences, 64 RNA, 59 tRNAs, 5 ncRNAs, and 69 pseudogenes. The presence of genes responsible for the synthesis of non-ribosomal peptides and bacteriocins was identified through genome annotation. Thus, many Bacillus strains, including B. velezensis, have been demonstrated as excellent producers of antimicrobial substances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Product Details of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii causing mass mortalities of Odontobutis potamophila and its induced host immune response was written by Liu, Guoxing;Li, Jie;Jiang, Ziyan;Zhu, Xinhai;Gao, Xiaojian;Jiang, Qun;Wang, Jun;Wei, Wanhong;Zhang, Xiaojun. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Aeromonas veronii is a freshwater bacterium associated with many diseases in aquatic animals. However, few cases of A. veronii infection were reported in Odontobutis potamophila, which has been becoming a promising fish species in China in recent years. In this study, the dominant bacteria were isolated from diseased O. potamophila showing signs of hemorrhage on fins, ulceration on the dorsal and abdomen. The representative isolate Stl3-1was identified as A. veronii based on anal. of its morphol., physiol., and biochem. features, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The median lethal dosage (LD₅₀) of the isolate Stl3-1 for O. potamophila was determined as 4.5 x 10⁵ CFU/mL. Histopathol. anal. revealed that the isolate Stl3-1caused considerable histol. lesions in the fish, including tissue cell degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrating. Detection of virulence-related genes showed that A. veronii Stl3-1 was pos. for exu, ompA, lip, flaH, hlyA, aer, flgM, tapA, act, flgA, gcaT and flgN. Addnl., quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also undertaken to analyzes the host defensive response in O. potamophila infected by A. veronii. The immune-related gene expressions in O. potamophila during exptl. infection were monitored at different point of time, and the results showed that the expression levels of MHC II, Myd88, TLR, and SOD were significantly up-regulated in liver, gill, spleen, and head kidney. The results revealed that A. veronii was a pathogen causing mass mortalities of O. potamophila and will contribute to better understanding the host defensive response against A. veronii infection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6COA of Formula: C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The efficacy of the adjunct use of subgingival air-polishing therapy with erythritol powder compared to conventional debridement alone during initial non-surgical periodontal therapy was written by Divnic-Resnik, Tihana;Pradhan, Harold;Spahr, Axel. And the article was included in Journal of Clinical Periodontology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Aim : To assess the efficacy of the adjunct use of a subgingival erythritol powder air-polishing device (EPAP) in comparison to conventional subgingival instrumentation alone during initial non-surgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods : Twenty-one patients with generalized Stages 2 and 3 grade B periodontitis were included in this single center, single blinded, split-mouth, randomized clin. trial. Teeth on the control side were treated with conventional hand and ultrasonic instrumentation, while those on the contralateral test side was treated using EPAP as adjunct to conventional subgingival instrumentation with hand and ultrasonic instruments. Three months after initial instrumentation, persisting pockets of ≥4 mm were re-treated, in both control and test sides, again with the resp. treatment approach-subgingival instrumentation alone on control, and subgingival instrumentation + EPAP on test side. Clin. parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing, and relative attachment level were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 mo following the initial instrumentation. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, immediately post surgery, as well as at 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, and 6 mo after initial instrumentation. Results : In the test group after 6 mo, a significantly larger number of initially deep pockets (PPD ≥ 5.5 mm) were reduced to shallow (PPD ≤ 3.4 mm), and a larger attachment gain was observed No statistically significant microbiol. differences could be found between test and control group. Conclusions : The results of the present study indicate that the adjunct use of subgingival airflow therapy with EPAP during initial non-surgical periodontal therapy might be beneficial in initially deep pockets (PPD ≥ 5.5 mm). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Agronomic and metabolomics analysis of rice-Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) bred by hybridization was written by Wang, Yan;Guan, Zhixiu;Liang, Chenggang;Liao, Kai;Xiang, Dabing;Huang, Juan;Wei, Chunyu;Shi, Taoxiong;Chen, Qingfu. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Reference of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Tartary buckwheat (TB) is an edible pseudocereal with good health benefits, but its adhering thick shell and bitter taste inhibit its consumption. In this study, the first hybrid rice-Tartary buckwheat (RTB) variety Mikuqiao18 (M18), bred by the pedigree selection of crossbreeding ‘Miqiao’ (MQ) with ‘Jingqiaomai2’ (JQ2), was selected for an agronomic and metabolomics anal. Compared with JQ2, M18 demonstrated a significantly lower yield per plant owing to the decreased grain weight and similar full-filling grain number per plant. However, M18 had a similar kernel weight per plant because of the thinner shell. The sense organ test suggested that M18 had higher taste quality regardless of partial replacement of rice through the improvement of preponderant indicators related to cereal taste quality, including lower values of total protein, albumin, glutelin, globulin, pasting temperature, cool paste viscosity, and setback. Meanwhile, M18 contained high levels of flavonoids, including rutin and quercetin, but presented a pos. summary appraisal of cooking with 25% rice. Addnl., 92 metabolites were pos. identified by GC-MS, including 59 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between M18 and JQ2. Typically, M18 exhibited lower levels of 20 amino acids and higher levels of 6 sugars and 4 polyols. These DEMs might partly explain the superior eating quality of M18. In addition, M18 was abundant in 4-aminobutyric acid, which is beneficial to human health. The current findings offer a theor. foundation for breeding rice-Tartary buckwheat with high yield and quality and promoting the cultivation and consumption of rice-Tartary buckwheat as a daily functional cereal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Reference of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts