Category: 140-66-9

HPLC of Formula: 140-66-9《4-Octylphenol induces developmental abnormalities and interferes the differentiation of neural crest cells in Xenopus laevis embryos》 was published in 2021. The authors were Xu, Yang;Jang, Ji Hyun;Gye, Myung Chan, and the article was included in《Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom)》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Developmental toxicity of 4-octylphenol (OP), an estrogenic endocrine disruptor was verified using frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus. LC50, EC50Malformtion and EC50Melanocyte-dysgenesis of OP were 9.9, 10.5, and 2.4μM, resp. In tadpoles, despite the low teratogenic index, 2μM OP significantly inhibited head cartilage development and tail malformation. The total length of tadpole was significantly increased at 5μM and decreased at 10μM OP. In OP-treated tadpoles, head cartilages were frequently missed and col2a1 mRNA was decreased at 2μM, indicating a chondrogenic defect in developing head. In the head skin of 1μM OP-treated tadpoles, number of melanocytes and melanogenic pathway genes expression were significantly decreased. In the head-neck junction of stage 22 embryos, OP increased foxd3 and sox10 mRNA and SOX10(+) neural crest cells (NCCs) in somite mesoderm and endoderm, indicating the inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation, ectopic migration to endoderm, and undifferentiation of NCCs by OP. Together, OP-induced head dysplasia and inhibition of melanogenesis may be attributable to deregulation of neural crest cells in embryos. In tadpoles, OP at 1μM significantly increased lipid hydroperoxide and induced spliced xbp1 mRNA, an IRE1 pathway endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) marker and p-eIF2α protein, a PERK pathway ERS marker. OP at 10μM induced CHOP mRNA, pro-apoptotic genes expression, DNA fragmentation, and cleaved caspase-3, suggesting that OP differentially induced ERS and apoptosis according to the concentration in embryos. In 5-10μM OP-treated stage 22 embryos and stage 45 tadpole heads, Ki67 was significantly increased, suggesting the apoptosis-induced proliferation of embryonic cells in the OP-treated embryos. Together, OP should be managed as a developmental toxicant altering the behavior of NCCs in vertebrates. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) .

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.HPLC of Formula: 140-66-9 It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Li, Jing;Wu, Yalin;Bai, Huahua;Wen, Xiangli;Zhou, Qingxiang;Yuan, Yongyong;Liu, Yongli;Chen, Chunmao;Guo, Libing published 《Highly efficient adsorption and mechanism of alkylphenols on magnetic reduced graphene oxide》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Chemosphere》. They have made some progress in their research.Application of 140-66-9 The article mentions the following:

The influence of alkylphenols to environment cannot be ignored, as they are common product from chem. industries and potential threat to human health. Some alkylphenols are listed as persistent toxic substances (PTS) by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). In this study, the optimized magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MrGO) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method, and investigated for adsorption of three typical alkylphenols. In neutral condition, MrGO showed extremely high adsorption capacity of three typical alkylphenols, 4-heptylphenol (4-HP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-OP), and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), which could reach 938.9 mg g^-1 (40 °C), 987.8 mg g^-1 (40 °C), and 989.7 mg g^-1 (20 °C), resp. This study revealed that the adsorption process was a heterogeneous multi-layer phys. adsorption, and the adsorption rates were related to the number of unoccupied vacancies on the adsorbent surface. From batch experiments and d. functional theory (DFT) calculations, the main adsorption interactions between MrGO and alkylphenols were deduced to be π-π, hydrogen-bond, and hydrophobic interactions. What′s more, the different affinities of MrGO towards different targets were further distinguished and explained in detail. The wonderful stability and recyclability of MrGO made it a promising cost-effective remediation candidate.4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Application of 140-66-9 It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Li, Qi;Chai, Changsheng;Zhao, Linguo published 《Biodegradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals with Laccase Isozymes from Recombinant Pichia pastori》. The research results were published in《Catalysis Letters》 in 2022.COA of Formula: C14H22O The article conveys some information:

In this paper, five recombinant strains: GS115-LacA, GS115-LacB, GS115-LacC, KM71H-Lcc1 and GS115-Lcc2 were selected to produce laccase isoenzymes with high activities, which reached 13,001 U/L, 10,254 U/L, 11,495 U/L, 9924 U/L and 10,031 U/L on 15th, resp. Then, we investigated the specificity of several recombinant laccase isoenzymes for the degradation of endocrine disrupting chems. (phenolic compounds). The results showed that LacB had the most efficient in degradation of bisphenol A and octyl phenol, while Lcc1 degraded 4-n-octylphenol, gossypol and hydroquinone better. Finally, the effects of degradation conditions were optimized, which shown that the degradation rates of phenolic compounds increased with the optimum temperature and pH by different laccases were different, which were closely related to their enzymic properties. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the degradation rate of bisphenol A, gossypol, 4-n-octylphenol, octyl phenol and hydroquinone were 95.4%, 93.2%, 89.6%, 71.0% and 91.9% at 8 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 1 h, resp. Furthermore, the recombinant laccases were used to degrade phenolic compounds in several laccase/mediator systems, which ABTS and vanillin showed most enhancement on degradation rates and reduction of degradation times. In LacB-ABTS and Lcc1-guaiacol/vanillin systems, the degradation rates of five phenolic compounds reached the maximum with totally 100% within 4 h. All of the results open up promising perspectives for the degradation and oxidative biotransformation of typical phenolic pollutants in the environment. Graphical Abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext]. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) .

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.COA of Formula: C14H22O It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Hayden, Kathryn R.;Preisendanz, Heather E.;Elkin, Kyle R.;Saleh, Laura B.;Weikel, Jamie;Veith, Tamie L.;Elliott, Herschel A.;Watson, John E. published 《Comparison of POCIS and grab sampling techniques for monitoring PPCPs in vernal pools in central Pennsylvania》. The research results were published in《Science of the Total Environment》 in 2022.Name: 4-tert-Octylphenol The article conveys some information:

Active ingredients in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) can persist through wastewater treatment plants and be released into the environment where they can inadvertently pose risks to non-target organisms. Emerging contaminants (ECs), including PPCPs, are commonly detected in wastewater effluent. With the increasing beneficial re-use of treated wastewater globally, there is a need to understand how spray-irrigation activities affect the occurrence and persistence of ECs in the environment to which they are introduced. Here, we explore the impacts of wastewater spray-irrigation on nearby ephemeral wetlands (e.g., vernal pools) through the use of grab and Polar Organic Chem. Integrative Sampling (POCIS) techniques. This study sought to determine whether integrative sampling techniques are better suited than traditional grab sampling techniques in assessing the presence and concentrations of ECs in vernal pools by evaluating 34 ECs in six vernal pools in central Pennsylvania. Three pools were impacted by wastewater spray-irrigation activities and three were in a nearby forested area. Results of this study found that POCIS detected a wide range of 25 ECs (log Kow between -2.6 and 9.37) more or, in some cases, equally frequently, relative to grab samples. Addnl., grab samples were found to best capture short-lived elevated inputs of ECs (from irrigation events) while POCIS were found to best capture ECs that were present in vernal pools over a longer period of time (weeks to months). For ECs detected more frequently in grab samples, concentrations were higher compared to time weighted average aqueous concentrations estimated from POCIS. This study advances understanding of the potential impact of wastewater beneficial reuse on vernal pools and informs how best to monitor the presence of ECs in vernal pools using integrative and grab sampling techniques. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) .

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Name: 4-tert-Octylphenol It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Today I want to share an article with you. The article is 《Occurrence and tissue distribution of alkylphenols (APs) in selected waterbirds from the Southern Baltic》,you can find this article in 《Chemosphere》. The following contents are mentioned:

The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of nonylphenols (NPs) and 4-t-octylphenol (4tOP) in the muscles, liver, and kidneys of selected waterbird species. Three species with different feeding habits were selected, i.e., greater scaup (Aythya marila), great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus), and great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) to investigate the potential effects of diet on the level of contaminants tested. The determination and quantification of analytes were performed using gas chromatog. with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). The highest NP concentrations were noted in the kidneys of greater scaups and great crested grebes (208.3 and 160.8 μg kg-1 ww, resp.), which were six to fourteen-fold higher than those in the muscles (15.0 and 25.6 μg kg-1 ww, resp.) and livers (22.9 and 13.8 μg kg-1 ww, resp.) of these species. In greater scaups, the mean concentration of NPs in the livers was lower than in the muscles, while in great crested grebes, it was the opposite and higher concentrations were noted in the muscles. The mean concentrations of NPs in the muscles and livers of great cormorants were at similarly low levels (12.5 and 9.7 μg kg-1 ww, resp.). The concentrations of 4tOP in all samples were low, ranging from <LOQ to 0.29 μg kg-1 ww. The results of our study indicated that sex and diet did not affect the NP tissue concentrations in different waterbird species, but the phenol. period (migration vs breeding) might influence the contamination levels in the kidneys. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) .

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) has been used as a reference standard for the determination of the analyte in water samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS).Name: 4-tert-Octylphenol

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Application of 140-66-9《Identification of potential toxicants in sediments from an industrialized area in Pohang, South Korea: Application of a cell viability assay of microalgae using flow cytometry》 was published in 2021. The authors were An, Seong-Ah;Hong, Seongjin;Lee, Junghyun;Cha, Jihyun;Lee, Sunggyu;Moon, Hyo-Bang;Giesy, John P.;Khim, Jong Seong, and the article was included in《Journal of Hazardous Materials》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Potential toxicants in sediments collected from an industrialized bay of Korea were identified by use of effect-directed anal. (EDA). Three marine microalgal bioassays (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) with diverse endpoints were employed. Initial screening of raw organic extracts of sediments indicated large variations among locations and species in a traditional endpoint “inhibition of growth”. After fractionation, inhibition of growths increased significantly, particularly in some fractions containing aromatics with log K_OW 5-6 (F2.6). While viabilities of cells were adversely affected in more fractions, including F2.6-F2.7 (log K_OW 5-7) and F3.5-F3.6 (log K_OW 4-6). Among the several endpoints of viability, esterase activity seemed to be more sensitive, followed by integrity of cell membranes, chlorophyll a, cell size, and intracellular complexity. Instrumental analyses indicated that toxicities to microalgae observed in F2.7 could not be fully explained by target PAHs. Full-scan screening anal. using GC-QTOFMS identified 58 compounds in F2.7 with matching scores ≥90%. Based on toxic potencies for these compounds predicted by ECOSAR, several causative agents, including 1-phenylpyrene, dibenz[a,c]anthracene, and picene were suggested. Overall, viability of microalgae provided sensitive and high-resolution toxicity screening of samples into integrative assessment of sediment.4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Application of 140-66-9 It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Lee, Seok-Hee;Seo, Huiwon;Seo, Hyeyeong;Lazari, Maria;D’Agostino, Martin;Byrd, Nick;Yoon, Kyong Sup;Lee, Hee-Seok;Park, Yooheon published 《An In vitro dimerization assay for the adverse outcome pathway approach in risk assessment of human estrogen receptor α-mediated endocrine-disrupting chemicals》. The research results were published in《Chemosphere》 in 2022.Product Details of 140-66-9 The article conveys some information:

The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has been recently proposed as an effective framework for chem. risk assessment. The AOP framework offers the advantage of effectively integrating individual in vitro studies and in silico prediction models. Thus, the development of an effective testing method to measure key events caused by chems. is essential for chem. risk assessment through a fully developed AOP framework. We developed a human cell-based estrogen receptor α (ERα) dimerization assay using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique and evaluated the ERα dimerization activities of 72 chems. Fifty-one chems. were identified to mediate dimerization of ERα, and the BRET-based ERα dimerization assay could effectively measure the events that mediated dimerization of ERα by the estrogenic chems. These results were compared with the results of pre-existing assay to determine whether the BRET-based ERα dimerization assay could be employed as an in vitro test method to provide scientific information for explaining key events as a part of the AOP framework. Consequently, we propose that the BRET-based ERα dimerization assay is suitable for measuring the chem.-mediated dimerization of ERα, a key event in the AOP framework for cellular-level risk assessment of estrogenic chems.4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Product Details of 140-66-9 It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Li, Shuying;Hu, Tiantian;Bertotto, Luisa Becker;Jiang, Yao;Gui, Wenjun;Schlenk, Daniel published 《Pesticide and Surfactant Mixtures Alter Sexual Differentiation in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《ACS ES&T Water》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 140-66-9 The article mentions the following:

Effects-directed analyses of water extracts from the San Francisco Bay Delta of California using estrogenic activity indicated that the pesticides, bifenthrin, and diuron, as well as alkylphenol surfactants, were observed in active fractions. To determine whether the estrogenic activity of the mixture had any impacts on sexual development, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to an ambient concentration of the compounds, individually and as mixtures, using components of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) assay. In medaka exposed to diuron, or surfactants alone, the percentages of phenotypic females were 88.9 ± 19.2% and 66.4 ± 3.8%, resp. When diuron was combined with surfactants, 93.3 ± 5.8% of the animals were female. To evaluate whether phenotypic females were changed from genetically male animals, the expression of the male-specific gene (DMY) was measured in animals following treatment. Treatments with ambient concentrations of surfactants and diuron had animals with higher percentages (78 ± 19%) of phenotypic females that were derived from genotypic males. Our results demonstrated that mixtures of pesticides and surfactants may alter sexual development after embryonic exposure in fish.4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Product Details of 140-66-9 It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Du, Bibai;Li, Quan;Pan, Zibin;Zhang, Yun;Xie, Ruiman;Luo, Dan;Zeng, Lixi published 《Improved LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Synthetic Phenol Antioxidants and Relevant Metabolites Making Use of Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and a Trap Column》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Environmental Science & Technology Letters》. They have made some progress in their research.Electric Literature of C14H22O The article mentions the following:

The prevalently used LC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of synthetic phenol antioxidants (SPAs) and relevant metabolites suffer from a serious drawback of low sensitivity for 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) and a common issue of background contamination, which hampers the simple and accurate detection of these substances at trace levels in environmental samples. In this study, we developed an improved LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of eight SPAs and four relevant metabolites, including BHT. By use of atm. pressure chem. ionization (APCI), the sensitivity of BHT in the LC-MS/MS was enhanced approx. 260 times vs. results obtained by using electrospray ionization (ESI), which allowed the anal. of BHT up to 1.1 ng/g in indoor dust and 0.06 ng/g in human plasma. Similarly, the sensitivity of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol was also enhanced with APCI, which avoided their sep. anal. by GC-MS. By installation of a C₁₈ column after the eluent mixer and before the injector as a trap column, the target analytes leached out from the LC system were eluted at a much later retention time than those in the samples, which resulted in complete elimination of the instrumental background contamination. These improvements enable the method to be well applied to the real samples. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) .

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Electric Literature of C14H22O It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Gu, Yilu;Tobino, Tomohiro;Nakajima, Fumiyuki published 《Determining the Relative Importance of Dietborne and Waterborne Toxicity of 4-tert-Butylphenol and 4-tert-Octylphenol to the Benthic Crustacean, Heterocypris incongruens》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Environmental Science & Technology》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 140-66-9 The article mentions the following:

Organic pollutants with high solid-water equilibrium partition coefficients are adsorbed into solid particles and are easily ingested by benthic organisms, potentially causing dietborne toxicity. Whether dietborne toxicity is more important than waterborne toxicity for such chems. remains to be determined In this study, we identify the most relevant uptake route for the toxicity of two alkylphenols, 4-tert-butylphenol (4tBP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4tOP). To achieve this, 6-day toxicity tests under two exposure conditions, namely dietary exposure (clean water + contaminated food) and combined exposure (contaminated water + contaminated food) were conducted on a benthic ostracod, Heterocypris incongruens. The toxicol. important exposure routes were confirmed by the consistency of dietary and aqueous dose-response relationships under different exposure conditions. During the test, frequent renewal of water and food was performed to reduce variability in the exposure conditions. The results showed that, under the equilibrium condition, the dietary exposure route was toxicol. more important than the aqueous route for 4tBP, whereas the waterborne exposure route was more important than the dietary exposure route for 4tOP. This study provides a novel approach to identify the most relevant uptake pathways for chem. toxicity, which better explains the importance of exposure routes in toxicity effects.4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) has been used as a reference standard for the determination of the analyte in water samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS).Product Details of 140-66-9

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