Category: 1029713

On November 7, 2005, Brzozowski, Tomasz; Konturek, Peter C; Drozdowicz, Danuta; Konturek, Stanislaw J; Zayachivska, Oxana; Pajdo, Robert; Kwiecien, Slawomir; Pawlik, Wieslaw W; Hahn, Eckhart G published an article.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Grapefruit-seed extract attenuates ethanol-and stress-induced gastric lesions via activation of prostaglandin, nitric oxide and sensory nerve pathways.. And the article contained the following:

AIM: Grapefruit-seed extract (GSE) containing flavonoids, possesses antibacterial and antioxidative properties but whether it influences the gastric defense mechanism and gastroprotection against ethanol- and stress-induced gastric lesions remains unknown. METHODS: We compared the effects of GSE on gastric mucosal lesions induced in rats by topical application of 100% ethanol or 3.5 h of water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) with or without (A) inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 activity by indomethacin and rofecoxib, the selective COX-2 inhibitor, (B) suppression of NO-synthase with L-NNA (20 mg/kg ip), and (C) inactivation by capsaicin (125 mg/kg sc) of sensory nerves with or without intragastric (ig) pretreatment with GSE applied 30 min prior to ethanol or WRS. One hour after ethanol and 3.5 h after the end of WRS, the number and area of gastric lesions were measured by planimetry, the gastric blood flow (GBF) was assessed by H2-gas clearance technique and plasma gastrin levels and the gastric mucosal generation of PGE2, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as an index of lipid peroxidation were determined. RESULTS: Ethanol and WRS caused gastric lesions accompanied by the significant fall in the GBF and SOD activity and the rise in the mucosal MDA content. Pretreatment with GSE (8-64 mg/kg i g) dose-dependently attenuated gastric lesions induced by 100% ethanol and WRS; the dose reducing these lesions by 50% (ID50) was 25 and 36 mg/kg, respectively, and this protective effect was similar to that obtained with methyl PGE2 analog (5 microg/kg i g). GSE significantly raised the GBF, mucosal generation of PGE2, SOD activity and plasma gastrin levels while attenuating MDA content. Inhibition of PGE2 generation with indomethacin or rofecoxib and suppression of NO synthase by L-NNA or capsaicin denervation reversed the GSE-induced protection and the accompanying hyperemia. Co-treatment of exogenous calcitonine gene-related peptide (CGRP) with GSE restored the protection and accompanying hyperemic effects of GSE in rats with capsaicin denervation. CONCLUSION: GSE exerts a potent gastroprotective activity against ethanol and WRS-induced gastric lesions via an increase in endogenous PG generation, suppression of lipid peroxidation and hyperemia possibly mediated by NO and CGRP released from sensory nerves. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,2′,2”-(1,3,5-Triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol(cas: 4719-04-4).Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

The Article related to animals, central nervous system depressants: toxicity, citrus paradisi: chemistry, ethanol: toxicity, male, neurons, afferent: drug effects, neurons, afferent: physiology, nitric oxide: metabolism, plant extracts: pharmacology, rats, rats, wistar, seeds: chemistry, stomach: drug effects, stomach: innervation, stomach: pathology and other aspects.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On May 31, 2004, Ezugwu, E. O.; Bonney, J.; Olajire, K. A. published an article.Electric Literature of 4719-04-4 The title of the article was The effect of coolant concentration on the machinability of nickel-base, nimonic C-263 alloy. And the article contained the following:

The effect of coolant concentration on tool performance when machining nickel-base, C-263 alloy with triple coated (TiN/TiCN/TiN) carbide insert at various (3-9%) coolant concentrations and under different cutting speed conditions is investigated. Tool life, tool-failure modes, wear rates, component forces and surface finish generated during machining were recorded, analyzed and used to formulate mechanisms responsible for tool wear at the cutting conditions investigated. Anal. of the recorded data shows that tool performance during machining is dependent on coolant concentration 6% Coolant concentration gave the best overall performance as effective combination of cooling and lubrication functions were achieved during machining. Increasing coolant concentration to 9% reduced tool performance due to a reduction of the tool-chip contact length area and the consequent increase in compressive stresses at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces. This action often leads to pronounced chipping of the tool cutting edge during machining. Friction coefficient between the workpiece material and substrate increases once the coating layer(s) is broken as a result of the direct contact between the tool substrate and the work material. This action increases mech. wear of the tool, which in turn leads to a significant increase in the cutting force with negligible effect on the feed forces during machining. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,2′,2”-(1,3,5-Triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol(cas: 4719-04-4).Electric Literature of 4719-04-4

The Article related to coolant nickel alloy machinability carbide coated cutting tool friction, wear carbide coated cutting tool machinability nickel alloy coolant, Ceramics: Ceramics and other aspects.Electric Literature of 4719-04-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts