Author: tianli

Characterization of key aroma compounds in traditional beef soup was written by Wang, Lin;Li, Cong;Al-Dalali, Sam;Liu, Yiyang;Zhou, Hui;Chen, Conggui;Xu, Baocai;Wang, Ying. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Reference of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to identify the characteristic aroma compounds of beef soup and analyze the differences between their aroma. Seven beef soup samples were analyzed by sensory evaluation combined with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose). A total of 80 volatile compounds were identified, and seven key aroma compounds in beef soup samples were determined by odor activity value, sensory evaluation, aroma recombination and omission experiments They were linalool, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, 2-acetylthiazole and estragole. The panelists described the organoleptic characteristics of beef soup as beef meaty, spice, fatty, caramel, and roasted. GC-MS and E-nose combined with principal component anal. showed different aroma profiles among beef soup samples. A total of 30 potential differential markers were screened by partial least squares discriminant anal. The difference between samples was mainly caused by the type and content of compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Reference of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Echinacea and Arctium extracts and Zataria essential oil was written by Yazdanian, Mohsen;Rostamzadeh, Pouya;Alam, Mostafa;Abbasi, Kamyar;Tahmasebi, Elahe;Tebyaniyan, Hamid;Ranjbar, Reza;Seifalian, Alexander;Moghaddam, Mehrdad Moosazadeh;Kahnamoei, Majid Balaei. And the article was included in AMB Express in 2022.SDS of cas: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Dental caries and oral infections have become a widespread issue in the modern world. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxicity characteristics of the extracts of Echinacea purpura, Arctium lappa, and the essential oil of Zataria multiflora as a potential herbal mouthwash. The essential oil of Z. multiflora leaves and the extracts of E. purpurea and A. lappa roots were prepared The characterization was carried out by GC-MS and also, total phenol and flavonoid were assed for all three samples. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The cytotoxic effect of the samples was evaluated on HEK 293 and HDFa cells by MTT test. Thymol and carvacrol contents in EO of Z. multiflora were measured at 31% and 42.2%, resp. A. lappa had the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid value among the samples. On the other hand, the total phenolic content of Z. multiflora and the total flavonoid content of E. purpurea were the highest. The MIC values of Zataria, Arctium, and Echinacea against S. mutans were 0.011% volume/volume, 187.5 mg/mL, and 93.75 mg/mL, while MBC were 0.011% volume/volume, 375 mg/mL, and 187.5 mg/mL, resp. The formulation showed bactericidal activity against S. mutans in the concentration of 5.86 mg/mL for Echinacea and Burdock extracts and 0.08μl/mL for EO of Zataria. The formulation significantly affected microbial biofilm formation and induced biofilm degradation The cell viability percentages were higher than 50% during 24 and 48 h. The formulation had a significant antimicrobial effect on cariogenic bacteria and C. albicans, with the lowest cytotoxic effects. Therefore, this formulation can be an appropriate candidate for mouthwash. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2SDS of cas: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the permeation kinetics of formamide in porcine articular cartilage was written by Dong, Rachael;Clark, Shannon;Laouar, Leila;Heinrichs, Luke;Wu, Kezhou;Jomha, Nadr M.;Elliott, Janet A. W.. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Cryopreservation of articular cartilage will increase tissue availability for osteochondral allografting and improve clin. outcomes. However, successful cryopreservation of articular cartilage requires the precise determination of cryoprotectant permeation kinetics to develop effective vitrification protocols. To date, permeation kinetics of the cryoprotectant formamide in articular cartilage have not been sufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to determine the permeation kinetics of formamide into porcine articular cartilage for application in vitrification. The permeation of DMSO was first measured to validate existing methods from our previously published literature. Osteochondral dowels from dissected porcine femoral condyles were incubated in 6.5 M DMSO for a designated treatment time (1 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min, 24 h) at 22 °C (N = 3). Methods were then repeated with 6.5 M formamide at one of three temperatures: 4 °C, 22 °C, 37 °C (N = 3). Following incubation, cryoprotectant efflux into a wash solution occurred, and osmolality was measured from each equilibrated wash solution Concentrations of effluxed cryoprotectant were calculated and diffusion coefficients were determined using an anal. solution to Fics law for axial and radial diffusion in combination with a least squares approach. The activation energy of formamide was determined from the Arrhenius equation. The diffusion coefficient (2.7-3.3 x 10-10 m2/s depending on temperature) and activation energy (0.9±0.6 kcal/mol) for formamide permeation in porcine articular cartilage were established. The determined permeation kinetics of formamide will facilitate its precise use in future articular cartilage vitrification protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Vibration mill-assisted complex enzyme hydrolysis for flavoring of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder was written by Jin, Dan-li;Chen, Yue-wen;Hong, Xing-de;Chai, Ting-ting;Ren, Shao-tian;Ou, Yang-zhi;Huang, Xing-xin;Hu, Hao-ben. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2022.Related Products of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

This study aims to analyze the flavor differences of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder, processed for different time intervals, under vibration mill-assisted complex enzyme hydrolysis using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results of principal component anal. by E-nose showed distinction among the four groups of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder (papain-neutral protease (PN) and flavorzyme-neutral protease (FN), processed for 60 and 80 min). The GC-IMS revealed 35 volatile compounds Subsequently, based on the fingerprint and heat map results, the flavor differences among the samples were clearly distinguished. When compared to the other three groups, the 60-FN group exhibited a greater variety and quantity of volatile compounds such as octanal, heptanal, hexanal, (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal, and nonanal. The 80-PN group exhibited high amounts of 2-propanone, ethylbenzene, Et acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. In addition, the vibration mill technique was considered to be a mild enzyme-assisted method. This study found that different enzyme types and phys. technol. operation time can affect the different volatile flavor compounds of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder, which can be quickly and effectively be identified by E-nose and GC-IMS technol. to improve the flavor and quality of the product, while facilitating the rapid adjustment and development of the industry. Meanwhile, the results of the study could provide a reference for the deep processing and flavor improvement of the sea cucumber industry and make an important contribution to the related literature. In addition, this could also promote the development and application of non-thermal processing technologies such as vibratory mill in the freeze-dried sea cucumber powder industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Related Products of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 3391-86-4

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with a cinchona alkaloid derived NNP ligand was written by Li, Linlin;Ma, Nana;Chen, Qian;Sun, Hao;Tian, Jie;Xu, Qian;Li, Chun;Zhang, Lin. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

An iridium complex generated in situ from [Ir(COD)Cl]₂ and a cinchona alkaloid derived NNP ligand has been developed for the asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. In this study, 30 aromatic ketones and heteroaryl ketones were hydrogenated to produce valuable chiral alcs. with up to 99% ee using i-PrOH as the hydrogen source and the solvent. The easily prepared Ir(L8)(COD)Cl also exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity in asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with a high S/C ratio (up to 2000). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Electric Literature of C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C8H9FO

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chiral Bidentate Boryl Ligand-Enabled Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dual C-H Borylation of Ferrocenes: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insights was written by Zou, Xiaoliang;Li, Yinwu;Ke, Zhuofeng;Xu, Senmiao. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Ferrocenes with planar chirality are an important class of privileged scaffolds for diverse chiral ligands and organocatalysts. The development of efficient catalytic asym. methods under mild reaction conditions is a long-sought goal in this field. Though many transition-metal-catalyzed asym. C-H activation methods were recorded during the last decade, most of them are related to C-C bond-forming reactions. Owing to the useful attribute of the C-B bond, the authors herein report an amide-directed Ir-catalyzed enantioselective dual C-H borylation of ferrocenes. The key to the success of this transformation relies on a chiral bidentate boryl ligand and a judicious choice of a directing group. The current reaction could tolerate a vast array of functionalities, affording a variety of chiral borylated ferrocenes with good to excellent enantioselectivities (35 examples, up to 98% enantiomeric excess). The authors also demonstrated the synthetic utility by preparative-scale reaction and transformations of a borylated product. Finally, from the observed exptl. data, the authors performed DFT calculations to understand its reaction pathway and chiral induction, which reveals that Me C(sp³)-H borylation is crucial to conferring high enantioselectivity through an amplified steric effect caused by an interacted B-O fragment in the transition state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dual-stimuli-responsive glycopolymer bearing a reductive and photo-cleavable unit at block junction was written by Fang, Jia-You;Lin, Yin-Ku;Wang, Shiu-Wei;Yu, Yung-Ching;Lee, Ren-Shen. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2016.Computed Properties of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

New dual-stimuli-responsive and bio-recognizable glycopolymers (Glyco-ONB-s-s-PXCL) containing a photodegradable 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzyl alc. (ONB), and a redox-cleavable disulfide (-s-s-) as junction point between bio-recognizable hydrophilic sugar mol. (Glyco) and hydrophobic poly(4-substituted ε-caprolactone) (PXCL) chains were synthesized using a combination of ring-opening polymerization and nucleophilic substitution reactions. When the polymer solution was exposed to UV irradiation and/or the reducing agent DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), substantial structural and morphol. changes were observed in the particles. The polymers formed micelles in the aqueous solution, had hydrodynamic sizes ≤200 nm, and were spherical. Under the combined stimulation of UV irradiation and DTT, the micellar nanoparticles dissociated and the loaded mols. could be released from the assemblies more efficiently than under the stimulation of only one of the two stimuli. Selective lectin binding experiments confirmed that glucosylated Gluco-ONB-s-s-PXCL can be used for bio-recognition. The nanoparticles exhibited nonsignificant toxicity against HeLa cells at concentrations of ≤300 μg mL^-1. The DOX-loaded Gluco-ONB-s-s-PMCL₂₀ micelles effectively inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 1.5 μg mL^-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Computed Properties of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Computed Properties of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A new catalytic approach for aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols based on a Copper(I)-thiophene carbaldimines was written by Lagerspets, Emi;Valbonetti, Evelyn;Eronen, Aleksi;Repo, Timo. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2021.Related Products of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Novel Cu(I) thiophene carbaldimine catalysts for the selective aerobic oxidation of primary alcs. to their corresponding aldehydes and various diols to lactones or lactols was reported. In the presence of the in-situ generated Cu(I) species, a persistent radical (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine-N-oxyl (TEMPO)) and N-methylimidazole (NMI) as an auxiliary ligand, the reaction proceeds under aerobic conditions and at ambient temperature Especially the catalytic system of 1-(thiophen-2-yl)-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)methanimine with copper(I)-iodide showed high reactivity for all kind of alcs. (benzylic, allylic and aliphatic). In the case of benzyl alc. even 2.5 mol% of copper loading gave quant. yield. Beside high activity under aerobic conditions, the catalysts ability to oxidize 1,5-pentadiol to the corresponding lactol (86% in 4 h) and N-phenyldiethanolamine to the corresponding morpholine derivate lactol (86% in 24 h) is particularly noteworthy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Related Products of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comprehensive investigation on non-volatile and volatile metabolites in four types of green teas obtained from the same tea cultivar of Longjing 43 (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) using the widely targeted metabolomics was written by Shi, Yali;Zhu, Yin;Ma, Wanjun;Shi, Jiang;Peng, Qunhua;Lin, Zhi;Lv, Haipeng. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Computed Properties of C8H16O This article mentions the following:

In this study, we produced roasted, baked, steamed, and sun-dried green tea products using the same batch of fresh tea leaves (FTL) of Longjing 43 (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), and explored processing effects on the metabolic profiles of four types of green teas (FGTs) using the widely targeted metabolomics. Results showed that 146 differential metabolites including flavonoids, amino acids, lipids, and phenolic acids were screened among 1034 non-volatiles. In addition, nineteen differential metabolites were screened among 79 volatiles. Most of non-volatiles and volatiles metabolites changed notably in different manufacturing processes, whereas there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the levels of total catechins between FGTs and FTL. The transformation of metabolites was the dominant trend during green tea processing. The results contribute to a better understanding of how the manufacturing process influences green tea quality, and provide useful information for the enrichment of tea biochem. theory. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Computed Properties of C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary exposure to low-calorie sweeteners in a sample of Brazilian pregnant women was written by Duarte, Larissa Marinho;Ferreira, Sila Mary Rodrigues;Almeida, Claudia Choma Bettega;Duran, Ana Clara da Fonseca Leitao;Grilo, Mariana Fagundes;Macedo, Mariana de Souza;Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro;Crispim, Sandra Patricia. And the article was included in Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A in 2022.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

The dietary exposure to low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) was estimated in a sample of pregnant Brazilian women. Consumption data were obtained with a 24-h Dietary Recall interview. Because of the uncertainty in assessing foods with LCS, they were classified into three scenarios to ensure inclusion of the 15 LCS allowed for use in Brazil: ranging from a less to a more conservative scenario. The concentration of LCS was estimated using the amount declared on the label or the maximum permitted levels and anal. determination data for table-top sweeteners. The frequency of consumption was higher for acesulfame-K, aspartame, and cyclamate. The food groups contributing the most to the consumption of LCS were non-alc. beverages, table-top sweeteners, confectionary and desserts. The level of dietary exposure to LCS was within the safety limit. However, continued efforts to monitor their dietary exposure are necessary given the limitations highlighted in this study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts