Author: tianli

A Numerical and Experimental Performance Assessment of a Single-Phase Supersonic Ejector was written by Hamzaoui, Malek;Nesreddine, Hakim;Aidoun, Zine. And the article was included in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

This paper proposes an integrated numerical-exptl. study of a fixed geometry ejector designed for a cooling system activated by waste heat. Ejector operation is analyzed for cases of imposed input and output sets of conditions in terms of pressures and/or temperatures Experiments with constant primary conditions and secondary temperature were conducted in a range of outlet pressures for model validation purposes. A parametric anal. was then performed for constant pressure and temperature conditions at both inputs (primary and secondary) by varying the outlet pressure. For each test case, performance in terms of entrainment ratio, local parameters distributions (P, M, τ) and the internal flow structure were analyzed in an attempt to establish a link between the external constraints, the flow structure, the operation stability and performance within the range of cooling applications. The ranges of operating conditions investigated were P_p = 4.77 bar, T_p = 83°C and, resp., 1.7 ≤ Pc ≤ 2.4 bar, 12.5°C ≤ Te ≤ 16.5°C, at saturation Exptl. entrainment ratio, ER_exp in the range of 0.12-0.22 was numerically simulated within ± 10%. It was shown that both the ejector operation and the internal flow configurations were sensitive to backpressure. More particularly, an optimal backpressure exists to which corresponds an on-design conditions with maximized entrainment ratio and a shock-wave train located at the end of the mixing chamber. A backpressure increase sets the ejector in off design. This mode of operation is characterized by a shift of the shock train toward the inlets, a disturbance of the flow configuration, a diminution of the entrainment ratio and a deterioration of the operation stability. On the other hand, a backpressure decrease does not affect the ejector stability of operation at its maximum entrainment ratio for the prevailing conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mechanisms of solvent separation using sugars and sugar alcohols was written by Marshall, Tatianna;Marangoni, Alejandro G.;Laredo, Thamara;Al-Abdul-Wahid, M. Sameer;Pensini, Erica. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Formula: C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

This study uses sugars (dextrose, sucrose, ribose, fructose and mannose) and sugar alcs. (maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol) to sep. water from THF (THF) and acetonitrile (AN). Bottle tests and NMR (NMR) show that above 0.25 M all sugars and sugar alcs. effectively sep. water from either THF or AN. At 0.5 M concentrations, maltitol and sucrose yield a non-negligible interfacial tension between AN and water, while the interfacial tension is negligible with all other compounds This indicates that while all compounds have similar separation effectiveness above a benchmark concentration, maltitol and sucrose (which are dimers) have a stronger effect on water structure compared to the other compounds tested (which are monomers). Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to explain solvent separation, based on the effect of sugars on hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) and on the nitrile band. The H-bonding peak was deconvolved into peaks representative of different water clusters, comprised of water mols. donating and accepting a different number of H-bonds. Principal component anal. (PCA) shows that single H-bond donors (SD) (at approx. 3200 cm^-1) and double H-bond donor (DD) (at approx. 3400 cm^-1) are most affected by maltitol and sucrose. All sugars tested induce a blue shift of the H-bonding of absorbance peaks for DD and SD, in either water or in mixtures of water-AN and water-THF. This indicates that they strengthen H-bonding in these clusters. The effect of all sugars is comparable when concentrations are expressed as OH equivalent Sugars increase the ratio between the amplitude A of SD relative to DD, and SD are most effective at structuring water. The difference between the ratio A(SD)/A(DD) after and before sugar addition is lowest in water (≈0.9), followed by THF-water mixtures (≈1.1) and AN-water mixtures (≈1.2). This indicates that solvents enhance the effect of sugars on H bonding. This is likely because sugars are not soluble in either THF or AN, which therefore excludes them and promotes their interactions with water. In turn, water-sugar H-bonding weakens interactions between AN-water or THF-water, leading to solvent separation The anal. of the nitrile band shows that sugars and sugar alcs. increase the relative amount of free nitrile, which is correlated to weaker interactions between AN and water. Maltitol and sucrose display approx. two times the relative amount of free nitrile compared to dextrose and erythritol. Our study confirms that sugars and sugar alcs. weaken solvent-water interactions, and reveals that they sep. solvents by increasing the proportion of SD relative to DD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Formula: C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Integrating photogenerated charge carriers for hydrogen production on noble-metal free dual-photocatalyst under visible light was written by Wang, Yang;Yang, Jiawen;Qin, Xiru;Zhuang, Jiayi;Yin, Wujie;Chen, Tingting;Yao, Yong. And the article was included in Composites, Part B: Engineering in 2022.SDS of cas: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Simultaneous using photogenerated electrons and holes in one reaction to produce H₂ and value-added organic intermediates hold great promise for the green synthesis of chems. and clean energy. Herein, we designed an efficient, noble-metal free and dual-photocatalyst Ni/Zn₃In₂S₆ for simultaneous aldehydes synthesis and H₂ production under visible light irradiation Due to the reasonable band structure of Zn₃In₂S₆ and the Schottky barrier established between Zn₃In₂S₆ and Ni, the photogenerated electrons and holes with suitable redox potentials can be spatially separated and efficiently transferred. Thereby, alcs. can be highly selective oxidized into corresponding aldehydes or carbonyl compounds at Zn₃In₂S₆ by the holes, and the released protons can be rapidly reduced into H₂ at Ni by the electrons. The H₂ evolution of the optimal Ni/Zn₃In₂S₆ can reach up to 277.2μmol h^-1, which is about 6.5 and 5.3 times as high as that of the pristine Zn₃In₂S₆ and the Pt/Zn₃In₂S₆, resp. Ni/Zn₃In₂S₆ also shows the stability and general applicability for other aromatic and non-aromatic alcs. Compared with NiS_x, NiO_x and Ni²⁺ cocatalysts, the metallic state of Ni is the key to achieving these photoredox reactions for effective utilization of photoexcited holes and electrons in one reaction system. During the photoredox reactions, two protons derived from O-H and Cα-H are abstracted from alcs. and then reduced into H₂ by the photogenerated electrons. At the same time, alcs. are oxidized into aldehydes or carbonyl compounds by the photogenerated holes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7SDS of cas: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sequence of hydrogen replacement by lithium or halogen in 2,6-dimethylpyridine was written by Karpman, Ya. S.;Azimov, V. A.;Anisimova, O. S.;Yakhontov, L. N.. And the article was included in Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii in 1980.Related Products of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of 2,6-lutidine (I) with PhLi in ether with a 1:8 molar ratio of reagent at either room temperature or reflux did not give the dilithio derivatives but gave the monolithio derivatives I did not react with 2.5 mol Br in glacial HOAc at 80-100° without a catalyst or in the presence of ZnCl₂ or excess NaOAc. Chlorination of I did not take place at reflux with a 5-fold excess of SO₂Cl₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Related Products of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Electrochemical PINOylation of Methylarenes: Improving the Scope and Utility of Benzylic Oxidation through Mediated Electrolysis was written by Hoque, Asmaul Md;Twilton, Jack;Zhu, Jieru;Graaf, Matthew D.;Harper, Kaid C.;Tuca, Emilian;DiLabio, Gino A.;Stahl, Shannon S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A mediated electrosynthetic method has been developed for selective benzylic oxidation of methylarenes RCH₃ (R = Ph, 4-chlorophenyl, pyridin-3-yl, 1,3-thiazol-2-yl, etc.). Phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical generated by proton-coupled electrochem. oxidation of N-hydroxypthalimide serves as a hydrogen atom-transfer (HAT) mediator and as a radical trap for the benzylic radicals generated in situ. This mediated electrolysis method operates at much lower anode potentials relative to direct electrolysis methods for benzylic oxidation initiated by single-electron transfer (SET). A direct comparison of SET and mediated-HAT electrolysis methods with a common set of substrates shows that the HAT reaction exhibits a significantly improved substrate scope and functional group compatibility. The PINOylated products I and II are readily converted into the corresponding benzylic alc. RCH₂OH or benzaldehyde derivatives RCHO under photochem. conditions, and the synthetic utility of this method is highlighted by the late-stage functionalization of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Formulation and characterization of microcapsules encapsulating carvacrol using complex coacervation crosslinked with tannic acid was written by Guo, Qi;Li, Shuai;Du, Gengan;Chen, Hong;Yan, Xiaohai;Chang, Shuaidan;Yue, Tianli;Yuan, Yahong. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Carvacrol-loaded microcapsules were developed based on coacervation complexes of whey protein isolate (WPI) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP), followed by crosslinking with tannic acid (TA). Optimal pH and WPI-HMP ratios for complex coacervation were found to be 4.1 and 5:1, resp. Coacervation complexes were used to encapsulate carvacrol. Optimum conditions for achieving morphol. and encapsulation efficiency were found for wall materials with a concentration of 2% (w/v), a wall/core ratio of 1:2 (w: w), and a homogenization speed of 15,000 rpm. The optimized formulation of microcapsules has an encapsulation efficiency of 77.48 ± 0.03% for carvacrol and a size of 1.08μm. The addition of tannic acid (TA) decreased particle size and had no other influence on the morphol. properties of microcapsules. Addnl., Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that coacervates were formed through the electrostatic interactions between WPI and HMP and the main force between TA and coacervates is hydrogen bonding. The addition of HMP to WPI and the presence of TA both decreased the content of tryptophan residues. Carvacrol microcapsules crosslinked with TA demonstrated better stability and antioxidant properties, showing potential for encapsulation of bioactive substances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the adsorption capacity and mechanism of soy protein isolate for volatile flavor compounds: Role of different oxygen-containing functional groups was written by Zhang, Bin;Zhang, Jingwen;Yu, Xiaobo;Peng, Jing;Pan, Leiqing;Tu, Kang. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C8H16O This article mentions the following:

Mechanism of soy protein isolate (SPI) adsorbing isomers of volatile flavor compounds (VFCs: 2-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol and octanal) were investigated by exploring the interaction between different oxygen-containing functional groups (OCF groups: carbonyl, alc. hydroxyl and aldehyde group) and SPI in this study. VFCs made SPI aggregate into larger particle size, and an increase in β-sheet and β-turn was observed Octanal has strongest binding capacity to SPI, followed by 1-octen-3-ol and 2-octanone. Fluorescence anal. revealed that static quenching occurred between the VFCs and SPI, which suggested that SPI-VFCs complex were formed. Double logarithmic Stern-Volmer indicated the strongest interaction between aldehyde group and SPI, which was proved by surface plasmon resonance. Finally, mol. docking results showed more hydrogen bonds between octanal and SPI. The results showed that aldehyde groups were more likely to interact with SPI than others, probably due to their tendency to form more hydrogen bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Formula: C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration of aryl ketones with pinacolborane was written by Guo, Jun;Chen, Jianhui;Lu, Zhan. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2015.Related Products of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The highly enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed hydroboration reaction of aryl ketones with HBpin was developed using iminopyridine oxazoline ligands. Halides, amines, ethers, sulfides, esters and amides are well tolerated under the mild reaction conditions, demonstrating its synthetic advantage. Substituted diaryl ketones could also be hydroborated with high enantioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Related Products of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Integrating the rapid constituent profiling strategy and multivariate statistical analysis for herb ingredients research, with Chinese official rhubarb and Tibetan rhubarb as an example was written by Luo, Dewei;He, Mingzhen;Li, Junmao;Du, Hui;Mao, Qiping;Pei, Na;Zhong, Guoyue;Ouyang, Hui;Yang, Shiling;Feng, Yulin. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

The Chinese official rhubarb (COR), from the genus Rheum, is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, while many rhubarb plant sources include in the Tibetan rhubarb (TR) are not attributable to Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Tibetan rhubarb is widely used as a natural medicine in Tibet; however, the difference in plant endogenous phytochems. between the COR and TR remains largely unclear.To establish a method for evaluating the chem. composition and metabolic difference between COR and TR.Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, we established a strategy to quickly and comprehensively identify the chem. components of COR and TR. Furthermore, multivariate statistical anal. was applied to identify the significant metabolic differences between the two.In total, 209 chem. compounds, including 51 anthraquinones, 44 stilbenes, 26 tannins, 52 acyl glycosides, and 36 other compounds, were identified using the data mining strategy. Importantly, 47 compounds may be the potential new compounds, while 35 significant metabolic differences were revealed between COR and TR.This study offers significant insight into the chem. composition and differences between COR and TR that could be used to develop their varieties and clin. applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

From vicinal azido alcohols to Boc-amino alcohols or oxazolidinones, with trimethylphosphine and Boc₂O or CO₂ was written by Ariza, X.;Pineda, O.;Urpi, F.;Vilarrasa, J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2001.Electric Literature of C11H21NO3 This article mentions the following:

A practical solution to the problem of converting directly 1,2-azido alcs. to Boc-amino alcs., without recourse to catalytic hydrogenation, involves the use of Me₃P/Boc₂O in THF (or CH₂Cl₂) and aqueous NaOH at rt (90-98% yields). The same azido alcs. can be converted in one-pot to the corresponding oxazolidinones with Boc₂O/DMAP/Me₃P or even better with CO₂ and Me₃P under basic catalysis (91-96% yields). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 121282-70-0Electric Literature of C11H21NO3).

tert-Butyl (trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 121282-70-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C11H21NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts