Author: tianli

Bottlebrush polymers with self-immolative side chains was written by Wu, Ying;Zhang, Liangcai;Zhang, Minghui;Liu, Zhengping;Zhu, Wen;Zhang, Ke. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

A series of bottle-brush polymers with self-immolative side chains were prepared by a grafting-onto method. Poly(3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGA) and propargyl-capped poly(carbamates) were used as the backbone and side chains, resp. A copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was used to graft the side chains onto the backbone with a high grafting d. A UV cleavable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB) linker was designed at the junction site of the backbone and side chain. Under UV irradiation, the ONB linkers cleaved to break the bottle-brush mol. architecture by detaching phenylamine terminated side chains from PGA backbones. The self-immolative disassembly of the detached side chains was then followed to generate aromatic amine small mols. The model functional bottle-brush polymers were further constructed using acrylate substituted poly(carbamates) as side chains, whose self-immolative disassembly continuously released fluorescence signals. Moreover, the total disassembly rate of the bottle-brush polymers could be conveniently tuned by tailoring the substituent group of poly(carbamate) side chains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Electric Literature of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cardioprotective effect of rheum turkenstanicum against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats was written by Hosseini, Azar;Safari, Mohammad-Kazem;Rajabian, Arezoo;Boroumand-Noughabi, Samaneh;Eid, Ali H.;Al Dhaheri, Yusra;Gumpricht, Eric;Sahebkar, Amirhossein. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Doxorubicin as an anti-cancer drug causes cardiotoxicity, limiting its tolerability and use. The mechanism of toxicity is due to free radical production and cardiomyocytes injury. This research evaluated Rheum turkestanicum (R.turkestanicum) extract against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity due to its considerable in vitro antioxidant activity. Male Wistar rats received 2.5 mg/kg doxorubicin i.p. every otherday for 2 wk to create an accumulative dose. R. turkestanicum was administrated at a dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg i.p. from the second week for 7 days. On the 15th day, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected from cardiac tissue for evaluation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cardiac muscle creatinine kinase (CK-MB), troponin T (cTn-T), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and B-type natriuretic peptide brain natriuretic peptide. A cardiac homogenate was also collected to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase Catalase Activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiols. Histopathol. was also performed. Doxorubicin increased all cardiac enzymes and malondialdehyde, correlating with a reduction in SOD, catalase, and thiols. Histopathol. revealed extracellular edema, moderate congestion, and hemorrhage of foci. In contrast, administration of R. turkestanicum ameliorated these doxorubicin-induced pathophysiol. changes. This study revealed that the extract ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity via modulation of oxidative stress-related pathways. Liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry anal. of R. turkestanicum indicated several components with potent pharmacol. properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Synthetic Route of C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visible-light-induced radical cascade reaction to prepare oxindoles via alkyl radical addition to N-arylacryl amides was written by Cheng, Hanchao;Luo, Yunfeng;Lam, Tsz-Lung;Liu, Yungen;Che, Chi-Ming. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers.Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A photochem. approach towards oxindoles I (R = H, OMe; R¹ = H, SMe, Br, Bz, etc.; RR¹ = -N=CHS-; R² = H, OMe; R³ = H; R²R³ = -CH=CH-CH=CH-; R⁴ = Me, 2-cyanoethyl, Ph, Bn; R³R⁴ = -(CH₂)₃-; R⁵ = 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl, 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl, etc.) by the radical cascade reaction of α,β-unsaturated N-arylacryl amides with alkyl bromides or iodides upon visible light irradiation was described. This transition metal- and photosensitizer-free protocol afforded diverse oxindoles I with C3 quaternary centers in high product yields under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, the method was applicable to prepare the core skeletons of (±)-physovenine, (±)-esermethole and (±)-physostigmine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficacy of supercritical carbon dioxide integrated hydrothermal extraction of Khmer medicinal plants with potential pharmaceutical activity was written by Chhouk, Kimthet;Wahyudiono;Kanda, Hideki;Goto, Motonobu. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering in 2018.Electric Literature of C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

Khmer medicinal plants have been employed to treat human diseases for nearly a thousand years. Several studies have shown that the principal phytochem. constituents of such medicinal plants are phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which possess diverse bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiallergic, and antimicrobial. In the present study, the extraction of the phytochem. constituents of Khmer medicinal plants (Dialium cochinchinense Pierre, Cinnamomum cambodianum Lecomte, Gardenia angkorensis Pitard, Cananga latifolia (Hook.f. & Thomson) Finet & Gagnep, and Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz bark) is performed using a supercritical carbon dioxide integrated hydrothermal process (SC-CO₂-H) at a temperature of 150°C, pressure of 10MPa, water flow rate of 2mL/min, CO₂ flow rate of 0.15mL/min, and extraction time of 4h. The total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of the Khmer medicinal plants were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH scavenging activity methods, resp. The phytochem. constituents of such plants were identified using GC-MS anal. The results showed that the extracts obtained by SC-CO₂-H contained a high amount of total phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity. The GC-MS results also suggested that the Khmer medicinal plants contained many bioactive compounds with a broad range of biol. activities, which could be employed in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Electric Literature of C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery and Identification of Tastants and Taste-Modulating N-Acyl Amino Acid Derivatives in Traditional Korean Fermented Dish Kimchi Using a Sensomics Approach was written by Christa, Peter;Dunkel, Andreas;Krauss, Alin;Stark, Timo D.;Dawid, Corinna;Hofmann, Thomas. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Sensory-guided fractionation by means of ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatog. followed by high-performance liquid chromatog., synthesis, liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitation, and taste re-engineering experiments revealed taste-active and taste-enhancing compounds contributing to the umami, mouthful and complex taste profile of the fermented Korean dish, kimchi. Besides basic taste-active compounds, in particular, various N-acylated amino acids deriving from succinic acid and lactic acid imparted taste-modulating properties in food matrixes. Taste threshold concentrations were determined to evaluate intrinsic and modulating effects. Quantitation of N-acylated amino acids in kimchi following synthesis revealed the presence of numerous derivatives showing taste-active properties. Sensory evaluation including recombination and partial addition experiments highlighted that both the N-lactoyl- and the N-succinoyl amino acid derivatives contribute to increasing the fullness, volume, and complexity of food matrixes, whereas the latter directly contributes to the overall taste of kimchi in natural concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Production of (R)-chiral alcohols by a hydrogen-transfer bioreduction with NADH-dependent Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LSADH) was written by Inoue, Kousuke;Makino, Yoshihide;Itoh, Nobuya. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2005.COA of Formula: C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

Alc. dehydrogenase (LSADH) isolated from Leifsonia sp. S749 was used to produce (R)-chiral alcs. The enzyme with a broad substrate range reduced various prochiral ketones and keto esters to yield optically active secondary alcs. with a high enantiomeric excess. LSADH transferred the pro-S hydrogen of NADH to the carbonyl moiety of Ph trifluoromethyl ketone (13) through its re face to give (S)-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (40). LSADH was able to efficiently reproduce NADH when 2-propanol was used as a hydrogen donor in the reaction mixture In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9COA of Formula: C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photochemical C-H Silylation and Hydroxymethylation of Pyridines and Related Structures: Synthetic Scope and Mechanisms was written by Rammal, Fatima;Gao, Di;Boujnah, Sondes;Hussein, Aqeel A.;Lalevee, Jacques;Gaumont, Annie-Claude;Morlet-Savary, Fabrice;Lakhdar, Sami. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2020.Reference of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

Described herein is an efficient approach for C-H silylation and hydroxymethylation of pyridines and related heterocycles by the combination of silanes or methanol with readily available N-methoxypyridinium ions with a low catalyst loading (2 mol %) under blue light irradiation The synthetic importance of the developed reactions is demonstrated by the synthesis of biol. relevant compounds ESR spectroscopy, quantum yield measurements, and d.-functional theory calculations allowed to understand reaction mechanisms of both photocatalytic reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Reference of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design of hydrophilic photocleavage o-nitrobenzyl acrylate-modified nanogels with outstanding biocompatibility prepared by RAFT polymerization for drug carrier was written by Xin, Fuhua;Wei, Meng;Jiang, Shengling;Gao, Yanjing;Nie, Jun;Wu, Yuejiao;Sun, Fang. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2020.Formula: C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

Three kinds of hydrophilic photocleavage o-nitrobenzyl acrylate-modified nanogels with different particle size and narrow particle size distribution (1.8-0.24) were designed and synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical (RAFT) polymerization based on methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate (MPEGMA) and UV-light responsive crosslinker 5-(acryloyloxy)-2-nitrobenzyl acrylate (ONB) prepared with acryloyl chloride and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl alc. The influences of particle size and distribution of the nanogel on its loading, encapsulation and photo-responsive release properties were investigated via the measurements of the final drug loading, the encapsulation efficiency and final cumulative release of coumarin 102 in the nanogel. The final drug loading, the encapsulation efficiency and the final cumulative release of coumarin 102 in the nanogel NG-ONB-300 with narrow particle size distribution were nearly twice more than those in the nanogel NG-ONB-300_AIBN with wide particle size distribution (0.33) at the same concentration of coumarin 102 and reached 8.31%, 39.5% and 67%, resp. With the increase of the particle size of the nanogel, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the nanogel were decreased. Significantly, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanogel was also evaluated against HeLa cervical cancer cells by the MTT cell viability assay and its cell viability at different concentrations was greater than 91%, demonstrating that the photocleavage nanogel has an excellent biocompatibility and great potential in drug delivery fields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Formula: C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New Selective Phosphodiesterase 4D Inhibitors Differently Acting on Long, Short, and Supershort Isoforms was written by Bruno, Olga;Romussi, Alessia;Spallarossa, Andrea;Brullo, Chiara;Schenone, Silvia;Bondavalli, Francesco;Vanthuyne, Nicolas;Roussel, Christian. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2009.Synthetic Route of C5H13NO This article mentions the following:

The lack of selective inhibitors toward the long, short, or supershort phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) prevented researchers from carefully defining the connection between different enzyme isoforms, their brain localization, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the search for new therapeutic agents for treating memory and learning disorders, we synthesized new rolipram related PDE4 inhibitors, which had some selectivity toward the long form PDE4D3. The first series was synthesized as racemate and then resolved by semipreparative HPLC on chiral supports. Herein we report the synthetic pathways to obtain rolipram related compounds and their biol. activities and some SAR considerations that provide some insights and hints for the structural requirements for PDE4D subtype selectivity and enzyme inhibition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1Synthetic Route of C5H13NO).

3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C5H13NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design and Synthesis of Novel Spiro Derivatives as Potent and Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors: Bioisosteric Transformation from 3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl Moiety was written by Ikeda, Shuhei;Sugiyama, Hideyuki;Tokuhara, Hidekazu;Murakami, Masataka;Nakamura, Minoru;Oguro, Yuya;Aida, Jumpei;Morishita, Nao;Sogabe, Satoshi;Dougan, Douglas R.;Gay, Sean C.;Qin, Ling;Arimura, Naoto;Takahashi, Yasuko;Sasaki, Masako;Kamada, Yusuke;Aoyama, Kazunobu;Kimoto, Kouya;Kamata, Makoto. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Application of 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

The therapeutic potential of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors in central nervous system-related diseases has attracted attention worldwide. However, the availability of reversible-type inhibitor is still limited to clarify the pharmacol. effect. Herein, we report the discovery of novel spiro chem. series as potent and reversible MAGL inhibitors with a different binding mode to MAGL using Arg57 and His121. Starting from hit compound 1 and its co-crystal structure with MAGL, structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) approach enabled us to generate various spiro scaffolds like 2a (azetidine-lactam), 2b (cyclobutane-lactam), and 2d (cyclobutane-carbamate) as novel bioisosteres of 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl moiety in 1 with higher lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE). Optimization of the left hand side afforded 4f (I) as a promising reversible MAGL inhibitor, which showed potent in vitro MAGL inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 6.2 nM), good oral absorption, blood-brain barrier penetration, and significant pharmacodynamic changes (2-arachidonoylglycerol increase and arachidonic acid decrease) at 0.3-10 mg/kg, po. in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Application of 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts