Author: tianli

Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Prins Cyclization: A Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Entry to Tetrahydrofurans was written by Xie, Youwei;Cheng, Gui-Juan;Lee, Sunggi;Kaib, Philip S. J.;Thiel, Walter;List, Benjamin. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2016.Recommanded Product: (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol This article mentions the following:

We describe the design and development of the first catalytic asym. vinylogous Prins cyclization. This reaction constitutes an efficient approach for highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans (THFs) and is catalyzed by a confined chiral imidodiphosphoric acid (IDP). Aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes react with various 3,5-dien-1-ols to afford 2,3-disubstituted THFs in excellent selectivity (d.r. > 20:1, e.r. up to 99:1). Aliphatic aldehydes react with similarly excellent results when a highly acidic imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) catalyst is used. With a racemic dienyl alc., the reaction proceeds via a kinetic resolution DFT calculations suggest an explanation for unusually high stereoselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol (cas: 863659-89-6Recommanded Product: (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol).

(S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol (cas: 863659-89-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of macrocyclic molecular rods as potential electronic devices was written by Blaszczyk, Alfred;Chadim, Martin;von Haenisch, Carsten;Mayor, Marcel. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2006.Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

The design and synthesis of the macrocycles I (R = H, NO₂) as model compounds for the investigation of neg. differential conductance phenomena in mol. junctions are reported. I (R = H, NO₂) comprise a mol. rod subunit consisting of three ethynyl-linked Ph rings. While the rotational freedom along the rod axis of both terminal Ph rings is limited by the macrocyclic frame, the central Ph ring is revolving. The rod substructure is terminally functionalized with acetyl-protected thiol groups to enable its immobilization between gold contacts. The central Ph ring is functionalized with one and two nitro groups for I (R = H, NO₂). The nitro groups are of particular importance as (i) both macrocycles are model compounds to investigate a hypothetical intramol. interaction of the nitro group with the opposite macrocyclic subunits and (ii) the nitro group(s) result in limited thermal stability of the compounds due to the intramol. rearrangement to macrocycles comprising isatogen subunits. These highly functionalized macrocycles have been assembled by acetylene scaffolding strategies in combination with functional group transformation chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary replacement of fish oil with soybean oil on the growth performance, plasma components, fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism of groupers Epinephelus coioides was written by He, Lingyun;Qin, Yingmei;Wang, Yanfei;Li, Dong;Chen, Weijun;Ye, Jidan. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting soybean oil (SO) for fish oil (FO) on the performance, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, plasma components, liver metabolic enzyme activity and mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of groupers (Epinephelus coioides). We formulated five isolipidic and isoproteic diets with increasing SO levels (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg, resp.). Triplicate groups of 30 groupers (initial mean body weight of 12.6 g/fish) were fed one of the diets twice daily, to apparent satiety across a feeding period of 56 days. The growth performance, whole-body composition, and protein and lipid muscle contents did not differ across the dietary treatments. In contrast, the liver lipid content had pos. linear and quadratic responses to the increasing dietary SO levels, but the liver protein content had the opposite trend, and the highest lipid value and lowest protein value occurred in the 250 and 1000 g/kg SO diets, resp. There were no significant effects of increasing dietary SO inclusion levels on any of the plasma components and parameters of liver metabolic enzyme activity, except for acetyl CoA carboxylase and hepatic lipase, which showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing dietary SO inclusion levels and peaked at 1000 and 250 g/kg SO inclusion level, resp. However, the FA profiles of the dorsal muscle and liver generally reflected the FA profile of the diet. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of fas, acc, g6pd, lpl, pparα, cpt-1, srebp-1c, δ6fad and elovl5 in the liver exhibited pos. linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary SO inclusion levels. However, neg. linear and/or quadratic responses were observed for the mRNA levels of hsl and atgl in the liver, with increasing dietary SO inclusion levels. The mRNA levels of scd and fabp in the liver were not affected by the dietary SO inclusion level. These results indicate that FO could be replaced completely by SO without affecting growth. However, the inclusion of SO at levels higher than 500 g/kg could compromise the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species. These results provide a novel insight into the potential utilization of SO in grouper feeds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

ansa-Ruthenium(II) Complexes of DPEN-SO₂N(Me)(CH₂)_n(η⁶-aryl) Conjugate Ligands for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones was written by Kisic, Andrea;Stephan, Michel;Mohar, Barbara. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2014.Application of 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

A diversified ansa-ruthenium(II) catalyst series displaying enantiopure N,C-(N-alkylene-N-methylsulfamoyl)-tethered (DPEN-κ²N,N’)/η⁶-arene (DPEN = trans-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) hybrid ligands was screened in the transfer hydrogenation of alkyl aryl ketones and α- or β-diketones in formic acid-triethylamine (HCO₂H-Et₃N) medium under mild conditions and furnished the alcs. in high to excellent ees. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Application of 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene plus fractional CO₂ laser: a powerful strategy to treat postmenopausal vulvar pain was written by Murina, F.;Felice, R.;Di Francesco, S.;Nelvastellio, L.;Cetin, I.. And the article was included in Gynecological Endocrinology in 2020.Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

This study is a single-center, retrospective anal. of postmenopausal women presenting with dyspareunia and vulvar pain, aiming to evaluate relative effectiveness of vestibular CO2 laser therapy as a treatment. Three monthly sessions of laser were performed to each patient and thereafter a three-months follow-up was stablished. A total number of 72 patients undergoing vestibular laser treatment were recruited from patient files in the period between 2016 and 2018. Among these, 39 women also received a concomitant treatment with ospemifene (60 mg/day) during the study period. There was a statistically significant reduction of all the symptoms in both groups up to the three month follow-up. Regarding dryness and dyspareunia, the relief tent to be more prominent in the ospemifene + laser group at all follow-ups and remained statistically significant at three-month follow-up. Specifically, vestibular dryness was significantly lower in the ospemifene + laser group compared with the laser treatment group (-87% vs – 34%, resp.), and the vestibular health score started declining faster in the ospemifene + laser group. Although, addnl. research is needed to understand the mechanism of action, our data shows that a combination regimen of laser and ospemifene may improve clin. effectiveness for long-term treatment of symptoms associated with the under-recognized genitourinary syndrome of menopause. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Resveratrol and related stilbene derivatives induce stress granules with distinct clearance kinetics was written by Amen, Triana;Guihur, Anthony;Zelent, Christina;Ursache, Robertas;Wilting, Joerg;Kaganovich, Daniel. And the article was included in Molecular Biology of the Cell in 2021.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Stress granules (SGs) are ribonucleoprotein functional condensates that form under stress conditions in all eukaryotic cells. Although their stress-survival function is far from clear, SGs have been implicated in the regulation of many vital cellular pathways. Consequently, SG dysfunction is thought to be a mechanistic point of origin for many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Addnl., SGs are thought to play a role in pathogenic pathways as diverse as viral infection and chemotherapy resistance. There is a growing consensus on the hypothesis that understanding the mechanistic regulation of SG phys. properties is essential to understanding their function. Although the internal dynamics and condensation mechanisms of SGs have been broadly investigated, there have been fewer investigations into the timing of SG formation and clearance in live cells. Because the lifetime of SG persistence can be a key factor in their function and tendency toward pathol. dysregulation, SG clearance mechanisms deserve particular attention. Here we show that resveratrol and its analogs piceatannol, pterostilbene, and 3,4,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene induce G3BP-dependent SG formation with atypically rapid clearance kinetics. Resveratrol binds to G3BP, thereby reducing its protein-protein association valency. We suggest that altering G3BP valency is a pathway for the formation of uniquely transient SGs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Proton-ligand stability constants of substituted ortho-hydroxyacetophenones and ortho-hydroxypropiophenones was written by Kamat, P. V.;Datar, M. G.. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 1970.Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone This article mentions the following:

Proton-ligand stability constant of substituted o-hydroxyacetophenones and o-hydroxypropiophenones were determined at 30° by a potentiometric method by the Bjerrum-Calvin titration technique at constant ionic strength ∼0.1M NaClO4. Correlation between the effect and the position of substituents in the benzene nucleus is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Acrylamide formation and aroma evaluation of fried pepper sauce under different exogenous Maillard reaction conditions was written by Song, Yuting;Ding, Zhuhong;Peng, Yuzhu;Wang, JiaYing;Zhang, Ting;Yu, Yihong;Wang, Yi. And the article was included in Food Chemistry: X in 2022.Product Details of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

To explore the impact of the Maillard reaction on fried pepper sauce (FPS) flavor and safety quality, acrylamide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in FPS. Acrylamide was detected in 10 Maillard treated groups and a total of 110 VOCs were identified, mainly aldehydes, ketones, alcs., acids, etc., but the content of each group differed. Partial least squares discriminant anal. showed that acrylamide in white sugar-sodium glutamate group and xylose-soy peptide group processing accumulated most acrylamide and least VOCs; Lactose-glycine, lactose-cysteine, lactose-soy peptide, and white sugar-glycine groups were pos. correlated with typical Maillard reaction product (2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-One); Xylose-glycine, xylose-cysteine, and white sugar-cysteine groups were weakly correlated with typical products, but pos. correlated with most VOCs, whereas white sugar-cysteine group lipids showed high oxidation levels. Although white sugar-soy peptide group is not harmful on acrylamide, it has little correlation with VOCs with large responses. Conventional excipient group aroma is relatively simple with a fresh fatty taste, whereas xylose-glycine, xylose-cysteine, xylose-soy peptide, lactose-glycine, and white sugar-cysteine groups all present basic fresh and fatty tastes; lactose-cysteine group has a fruity base note; and lactose-soybean peptide, white sugar-glycine, and white sugar-soybean peptide groups have a fruity base note on an unpleasant fatty aroma. Therefore, processing different exogenous Maillard reaction substrates can achieve FPS aroma regulation and reduce acrylamide harm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Product Details of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats was written by Shelton, Keith L.;Nicholson, Katherine L.. And the article was included in Psychopharmacology (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Rapidly evolving e-cigarette technol. developed for self-administering nicotine aerosol has the potential to be utilized to self-administer other aerosolized drugs of abuse. Rodent models which mirror characteristics of human e-cigarette use are necessary to explore the degree to which this may be a public health concern. Our goal was to develop a highly translational model of discrete nose-only aerosol puff drug delivery to explore the reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosols in rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to perform a multiple schedule FR1 lever-press, 4-s (second) nose hold operant during which the subjects orofacial areas were exposed to drug-free glycerol/propylene glycol aerosol produced by a com. e-cigarette at a power setting of 18 W. Each completed 4-s drug-free vehicle aerosol exposure resulted in a 3-s presentation of a 0.1-mL dipper of sweetened milk solution After training, rats were then allowed to self-administer 4-s nose-only puffs of fentanyl (100-6000 μg/mL) or sufentanil (30-500 μg/mL) aerosol in the absence of paired milk dipper reinforcers. All 31 rats learned the lever-press/nose-poke multiple schedule for milk dippers alone and 25 accepted exposure to 4 s of 18 W of drug-free vehicle aerosol when paired with milk dipper presentations. In the absence of paired milk dipper presentations, fentanyl aerosol puffs at concentrations of 1000 and 3000 μg/mL as well as 100 μg/mL puffs of sufentanil served as reinforcers compared to both air puffs and drug-free vehicle aerosol puffs. There were no significant differences between males and females in number of fentanyl or sufentanil puffs self-administered. Discrete nose-only puffs of two potent opioids under exposure conditions comparable to puff durations in human e-cigarette users serve as reinforcers in rats. This outcome suggests that under appropriate conditions e-cigarettes might be a potential alternative delivery mechanism for illicit opioids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles with controllable drug loading and release through a simple assembly approach was written by Fang, Chen;Kievit, Forrest M.;Veiseh, Omid;Stephen, Zachary R.;Wang, Tingzhong;Lee, Donghoon;Ellenbogen, Richard G.;Zhang, Miqin. And the article was included in Journal of Controlled Release in 2012.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics promises to improve drug delivery safety and efficacy. However, fabrication of consistent theranostic nanoparticles with high and controllable drug loading remains a challenge, primarily due to the cumbersome, multi-step synthesis processes conventionally applied. Here, we present a simple and highly controllable method for assembly of theranostic nanoparticles, which may greatly reduce batch-to-batch variation. The major components of this nanoparticle system include a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), a biodegradable and pH-sensitive poly (beta-amino ester) (PBAE) copolymer, a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here the polymer pre-loaded with drug is directly assembled to the surface of SPIONs forming a drug loaded nanoparticle (NP-DOX). NP-DOX demonstrated a high drug loading efficiency of 679 μg DOX per mg iron, sustained stability in cell culture media up to 7 days, and a strong r₂ relaxivity of 146 mM^-1·s^-1 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The drug release anal. of NP-DOX showed fast DOX release at pH 5.5 and 6.4 (as in endosomal environment) and slow release at pH 7.4 (physiol. condition), demonstrating pH-sensitive drug release kinetics. In vitro evaluation of NP-DOX efficacy using drug-resistant C6 glioma cells showed a 300% increase in cellular internalization at 24 h post-treatment and 65% reduction of IC50 at 72 h post-treatment when compared to free DOX. These nanoparticles could serve as a foundation for building smart theranostic formulations for sensitive detection through MRI and effective treatment of cancer by controlled drug release. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts