Jaiswal, Anil Kumar; Rao, K. Bhaskara; Kushwaha, Pragati; Rawat, Keerti; Modukuri, Ram K.; Khare, Prashant; Joshi, Sumit; Mishra, Shikha; Rai, Ambak; Sashidhara, Koneni V.; Dube, Anuradha published their research in International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents on December 31 ,2016. The article was titled 《Development of Leishmania donovani stably expressing DsRed for flow cytometry-based drug screening using chalcone thiazolyl-hydrazone as a new antileishmanial target》.COA of Formula: C12H14O3 The article contains the following contents:
Green fluorescent protein produces significant fluorescence and is extremely stable, however its excitation maximum is close to the UV range and thus can damage living cells. Hence, Leishmania donovani stably expressing DsRed were developed and their suitability for flow cytometry-based antileishmanial screening was assessed by evaluating the efficacies of standard drugs as well as newly synthesized chalcone thiazolyl-hydrazone compounds The DsRed gene was successfully integrated at the 18S rRNA locus of L. donovani and transfectants (LdDsRed) were selected using hygromycin B. Enhanced expression of DsRed and a high level of infectivity to J774A.1 macrophages were achieved, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Furthermore, these LdDsRed transfectants were utilized for development of an in vitro screening assay using the standard antileishmanial drugs miltefosine, amphotericin B, pentamidine and paromomycin. The response of transfectants to standard drugs correlated well with previous reports. Subsequently, the suitability of this system was further assessed by screening a series of 18 newly synthesized chalcone thiazolyl-hydrazone compounds in vitro for their antileishmanial activity, wherein 8 compounds showed moderate antileishmanial activity. The most active compound I, with ∼73% splenic parasite reduction, exerted its activity via generating nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and inducing apoptosis in LdDsRed-infected macrophages. Thus, these observations established the applicability of LdDsRed transfectants for flow cytometry-based antileishmanial screening. Further efforts aimed at establishing a high-throughput screening assay and determining the in vivo screening of potential antileishmanial leads are required. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(tert-Butyl)-4-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde(cas: 153759-59-2COA of Formula: C12H14O3)
5-(tert-Butyl)-4-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde(cas: 153759-59-2) belongs to phenols.Deprotonation of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides (aryloxides according to the IUPAC Gold Book).COA of Formula: C12H14O3
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