An Approach for Using In Vitro and In Silico Data to Identify Pharmaceuticals with Potential (Anti-)Estrogenic Activity in Aquatic Vertebrates at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations was written by Pinto, Caroline Lucia;Bloom, Raanan A.;Laurenson, James P.. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2019.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:
Endocrine-active pharmaceuticals can cause adverse reproductive and developmental effects in nontarget organisms. Aquatic vertebrates may be susceptible to the effects of such pharmaceuticals given that the structure of hormone receptors and the physiol. of the endocrine system are highly conserved across vertebrates. To aid in the regulatory review of the environmental impact of drugs, we demonstrate an approach to screen and support the prioritization of pharmaceuticals based on their ability to interact with estrogen receptors (ERs) at environmentally relevant concentrations Tox21 in vitro results from ER agonist and antagonist assays were retrieved for 1123 pharmaceuticals. In silico predictions from the Collaborative Estrogen Receptor Activity Prediction Project (CERAPP) models were used to estimate ER agonist and antagonist activity for an addnl. 170 pharmaceuticals not tested in the Tox21 assay platform. The estrogenic effect ratio (EER) and anti-estrogenic effect ratio (AEER) were calculated by comparing the activity concentration at half-maximal response (AC50) for ER agonism and antagonism, resp., with estimated pharmaceutical concentrations in fish tissue based on estimates of environmental exposures. A total of 73 and 127 pharmaceuticals were identified as ER agonists and antagonists, resp. As expected, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol displayed EERs > 1, and raloxifene and bazedoxifene acetate displayed AEERs > 1, thus indicating that these pharmaceuticals have the potential to reach fish tissue levels that exceed concentrations estimated to interact with ERs. Four pharmaceuticals displayed EERs between 0.1 and 1, and 6 displayed AEERs between 0.1 and 1. This approach may help determine the need for submission of environmental assessment data for new drug applications and support prioritization of pharmaceuticals with the potential to disrupt endocrine signaling in vertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-15. © 2019 SETAC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2).
(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts