Effect of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was written by Saleh, Elham S. E.;Tawfeek, Samar S.;Abdel-Fadeel, Asmaa A. A.;Abdel-Daim, Asmaa S. A.;Abdel-Razik, Abdel-Razik H.;Youssef, Ibrahim M. I.. And the article was included in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition in 2022.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using protease in diets of Nile tilapia on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphol. The cost of these diets and their return on fish performance was calculated A total of 360 fish were randomly allocated into four groups with triplicates (30 fish per replicate). Four diets were formulated; two controls (without protease supplementation) and two exptl. diets (supplemented with protease). The first control diet contained the normal protein requirement (30% CP; control +ve), while the second control had a low protein content (29% CP; control -ve). The third diet was supplemented with protease at a dose of 500 g/ton, and its CP content was reduced to 29.0%, by reducing the fish meal content. The fourth diet contained the same CP level as the first control (30%) and supplemented with 250 g protease per ton feed. The experiment lasted for 14 wk. The results showed that body weight and length, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in the control -ve group (low CP) supplemented with protease were similar (p > 0.05) to that of the control +ve with normal CP content. However, these performance parameters were lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed low CP diet without protease supplementation. Providing protease to the control +ve diet improved all measured performance indexes. The ammonia and nitrite concentrations of the water were reduced (p < 0.05) in control -ve and protease-supplemented groups. The height and width of intestinal villi were increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed diets containing protease. The inclusion of protease reduced the diet cost and also the feed cost of fish weight gain. In conclusion, supplementation of protease can improve the productive performance of fish, spare dietary protein and produce economical diets. Moreover, it can help in improving the water quality of fish via lowering the ammonia and nitrite contents, or through increasing the degradation of dietary protein. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).
Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts