Implications of mistletoe parasitism for the host metabolome: A new plant identity in the forest canopy was written by Lazaro-Gonzalez, Alba;Gargallo-Garriga, Albert;Hodar, Jose Antonio;Sardans, Jordi;Oravec, Michal;Urban, Otmar;Penuelas, Josep;Zamora, Regino. And the article was included in Plant, Cell & Environment in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:
Mistletoe-host systems exemplify an intimate and chronic relationship where mistletoes represent protracted stress for hosts, causing long-lasting impact. Although host changes in morphol. and reproductive traits due to parasitism are well known, shifts in their physiol. system, altering metabolite concentrations, are less known due to the difficulty of quantification. Here, we use ecometabolomic techniques in the plant-plant interaction, comparing the complete metabolome of the leaves from mistletoe (Viscum album) and needles from their host (Pinus nigra), both parasitized and unparasitized, to elucidate host responses to plant parasitism. Our results show that mistletoe acquires metabolites basically from the primary metabolism of its host and synthesizes its own defense compounds In response to mistletoe parasitism, pines modify a quarter of their metabolome over the year, making the pine canopy metabolome more homogeneous by reducing the seasonal shifts in top-down stratification. Overall, host pines increase antioxidant metabolites, suggesting oxidative stress, and also increase part of the metabolites required by mistletoe, which act as a permanent sink of host resources. In conclusion, by exerting biotic stress and thereby causing permanent systemic change, mistletoe parasitism generates a new host-plant metabolic identity available in forest canopy, which could have notable ecol. consequences in the forest ecosystem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).
Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts