Effects of dietary vitamin E on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus was written by Zhang, Guan-Rong;Xu, Chao;You, Cui-Hong;Wang, Shu-Qi;Xie, Di-Zhi;Hasan, A. K. M. Munzurul;Ma, Yong-Cai;Li, Yuan-You. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:
In order to investigate the dietary requirement of Trachinotus ovatus for vitamin E (VE) and its effects on tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reservation, a 56-day feeding trial was performed with five diets (D1-D5) supplemented with different levels of VE at 34.56, 47.35, 61.16, 91.06 and 144.88 mg VE/kg diet. A total of 375 fish (initial weight 13.40 ± 0.08 g) were randomly distributed equally into 15 sea cages and each diet in triplicate cages. After 8 wk of feeding, fish fed diet D3 exhibited significantly higher weight gain (WG), serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and also had higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 PUFA contents in the raw muscle than those of fish fed diets D1 and D5 (p < .05). Moreover, n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA contents in cooked muscle of D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than those of other groups (p < .05). Besides, the contents of hepatic arachidonic acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA in fish of D3 and D4 groups were also significantly higher than those of D1 group (p < .05). Correspondingly, the transcript levels of genes related to PUFA β-oxidation (cpt1 and pparα) and synthesis (fas and elovl5) were lower in D3 and D4 groups. Based on regression anal. for WG, the optimum dietary VE level was 90.75 mg/kg, which was consistent with the above results that fish fed diets D3 and D4 displayed better growth performance, antioxidant capacity and muscle PUFA stability, where the last suggesting an effect of dietary VE against PUFA β-oxidation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10).
Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts