Assessment of Ospemifene or Lubricants on Clinical Signs of VVA was written by Constantine, Ginger;Graham, Shelli;Koltun, William D.;Kingsberg, Sheryl A.. And the article was included in Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2014.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:
Introduction : Ospemifene is a new oral estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist with tissue-selective effects approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). Aim : The aim of the study is to assess ospemifene or lubricant use on the clin. signs of VVA. Methods : Subjects in three double-blind, placebo-controlled clin. trials were randomized to ospemifene or placebo. In two of the trials, women were provided nonhormonal lubricants for use as needed, and a preplanned evaluation of the frequency of lubricant use was performed. Addnl., a post hoc placebo group anal. for impact of lubricant use or nonuse on physiol. effects of the percentage of superficial and parabasal cells (maturation index) and vaginal pH was conducted. A secondary preplanned end point included visual examination of the vagina (clin. signs of vaginal dryness, petechiae, pallor, friability, and redness of the mucosa) comparing change from baseline to end of treatment for the ospemifene 60-mg/day group and vs. placebo. Main Outcome Measures : The primary end points in the phase 3 clin. trials included the percentage of superficial cells, parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and most bothersome symptoms compared with placebo. Results : There was no significant difference in physiol. effects between placebo lubricant users vs. nonusers in either 12-wk study. Compared with baseline, substantially more subjects receiving ospemifene 60 mg/day than placebo showed complete resolution of clin. signs of VVA after 12 and 52 wk of treatment. Conclusions : Ospemifene substantially improved clin. signs of VVA. Within the placebo group, there was no difference in physiol. effects in lubricant users vs. nonusers. Based on gynecol. evaluation of the vagina, benefits were apparent at 12 wk and sustained for 52 wk in the ospemifene-treated subjects with significant improvement over placebo. In these three clin. trials, in contrast to ospemifene-treated women, placebo subjects who utilized lubricants had no improvement in their underlying vaginal physiol. Constantine G, Graham S, Koltun WD, and Kingsberg SA. Assessment of ospemifene or lubricants on clin. signs of VVA. J Sex Med 2014;11:1033-1041. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).
(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts