Cyclical electrical stimulation of hydrogel microactuators employing parylene-N coated electrodes was written by Saunders, Joseph Ryan C.;Moussa, Walied A.. And the article was included in Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems in 2014.Reference of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:
This work presents the cyclical actuation of elec. field sensitive microscale hydrogels employing dielec. coated coplanar electrodes. Microscale hydrogels are photopolymerized in-situ, and AC frequency-based actuation combined with pulse width modulation enabled controlled manipulation of hydrogel deformation. Stable actuation cycles are achieved with applied elec. potentials from 20 Vpk-pk to 40 Vpk-pk, with a maximum true strain of 29 % and a min. rise time of 4.7 s. The peak and trough osmotic pressure for each system’s cycle is also anal. determined, with a peak pressure at 40 Vpk-pk of 201.1 ± 38.3 kPa. A plateau in the peak-to-trough true strain is observed above 30 Vpk-pk. For comparative purposes a system without dielec. coated electrodes and employing external syringe pumps is also examined, and stable cyclical actuation was achieved for applied elec. potentials of 5 Vpk-pk and 10 Vpk-pk. For this system the maximum stable rise time, true strain, and osmotic pressure are 8.1 s, 57 %, and 429.2 ± 81.9 kPa, resp. The difference between the two systems highlights how optimization of the dielec. layer’s thickness and uniformity can further enhance actuation performance. The electronically responsive hydrogel-based cyclical actuator developed within this work could be further employed for microfluidic regulation in portable low-power systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Reference of 109-17-1).
((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 109-17-1
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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts