Evasion of the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon by polysarcosine coating of liposomes was written by Son, Kon;Ueda, Motoki;Taguchi, Kazuaki;Maruyama, Toru;Takeoka, Shinji;Ito, Yoshihiro. And the article was included in Journal of Controlled Release in 2020.Reference of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to functionalize liposomes improves their stealth properties and stability in blood. However, PEG is known to induce the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon, which occurs for multiple doses owing to anti-PEG IgM being produced after the initial injection. In this study, as an alternative to PEG, polysarcosine (PSar) was selected owing to its low antigenicity and its highly dense chains with controllable lengths, similar to PEG. Furthermore, we directly evaluate the potential of PSar for avoiding the ABC phenomenon by comparing PSar with PEG on the same liposome platform, which has similar physicochem. properties such as hydrophobic region, membrane fluidity, and size. PEG- and PSar-liposomes were prepared and characterized for comparison. PSar-liposomes showed similar physicochem. properties to PEG-liposomes in terms of size control, zeta potential, membrane polarity, and fluidity; however, ELISA results showed noticeably lower levels and faster production speeds of both IgM and IgG for PSar-liposomes than for PEG-liposomes. In addition, a pharmacokinetics experiment with multiple injections showed that PSar-PE coating of liposomes may help to circumvent the ABC phenomenon. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Reference of 923-61-5).
(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 923-61-5
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts