Selective blocking of primary amines in branched polyethylenimine with biocompatible ligand alleviates cytotoxicity and augments gene delivery efficacy in mammalian cells was written by Tripathi, Sushil K.;Gupta, Niharika;Mahato, Manohar;Gupta, Kailash C.;Kumar, Pradeep. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2014.Reference of 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Recently, polyethylenimines (PEIs) have emerged as efficient vectors for nucleic acids delivery. However, inherent cytotoxicity has limited their in vivo applications. To address this concern as well as to incorporate hydrophobic domains for improving interactions with the lipid bilayers in the cell membranes, we have tethered varying amounts of amphiphilic pyridoxyl moieties onto bPEI to generate a small series of pyridoxyl-PEI (PyP) polymers. Spectroscopic characterization confirms the formation of PyP polymers, which subsequently form stable complexes with pDNA in nanometric range with pos. surface charge. The projected modification not only accounts for a decrease in the d. of 1° amines but also allows formation of relatively loose complexes with pDNA (cf. bPEI). Alleviation of the cytotoxicity, efficient interaction with cell membranes and easy disassembly of the pDNA complexes have led to the remarkable enhancement in the transfection efficiency of PyP/pDNA complexes in mammalian cells with one of the formulations, PyP-3/pDNA complex, showing transfection in ∼68% cells compared to ∼16% cells by Lipofectamine/pDNA complex. Further, the efficacy of PyP-3 vector has been established by delivering GFP-specific siRNA resulting in ∼88% suppression of the target gene expression. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the projected carriers that can be used in future gene therapy applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Reference of 65-22-5).
3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 65-22-5
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts