Assessing the toxicity of bisphenol A and its six alternatives on zebrafish embryo/larvae was written by Gao, Yue;Li, Aijing;Zhang, Wenjuan;Pang, Shaochen;Liang, Yong;Song, Maoyong. And the article was included in Aquatic Toxicology in 2022.Safety of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Bisphenol A (BPA) analogs are gradually replacing BPA in the plastics industry. Whether these alternatives are indeed safer than BPA itself, however, remains unclear. Here, we studied the toxicity of BPA and six of its alternatives-BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPAF, and BPAP-using zebrafish embryos/larvae. According to their half lethal concentration (LC50) values, the acute toxicity of BPA and six alternative bisphenols to zebrafish embryos, from highest to lowest, was BPAP ≈ BPAF > BPC > BPB > BPA > BPE > BPF. Under nonlethal concentrations, the tested bisphenols had different toxic effects on development in terms of reducing the hatching rate, frequency of spontaneous movements, and heart rate in the embryo, as well as inducing yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and spinal deformation in the larvae. The estrogenic activity of BPE, BPF, and BPAF was higher than that of BPA, as shown by vtg1 expression assays. Moreover, BPA and its alternatives increased SOD activity and cell apoptosis in embryos/larvae under nonlethal concentrations Our findings indicate that BPA alternatives may not be safer than BPA in zebrafish, and that these BPA alternatives should be applied with caution. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Safety of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts