A Novel Immunotoxin Targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Using Single Domain Antibody Fused to Diphtheria Toxin was written by Roshan, Reyhaneh;Naderi, Shamsi;Behdani, Mahdi;Ahangari Cohan, Reza;Kazemi-Lomedasht, Fatemeh. And the article was included in Molecular Biotechnology.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Mol. (EpCAM) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers such as colon, stomach, pancreas, and prostate adenocarcinomas. Inhibition of EpCAM is considered as a potential target for cancer therapy. In current study, anti-EpCAM immunotoxin (α-EpCAM IT) was developed using genetic fusion of α-EpCAM single domain antibody (nanobody) (α-EpCAM Nb) to truncated form of diphtheria toxin. The expression of recombinant α-EpCAM IT was induced by Iso-Pr β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. Recombinant α-EpCAM IT was purified from the inclusion bodies and refolded using urea gradient procedure. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis activity of α-EpCAM IT on EpCAM over-expressing (MCF7), low-expressing (HEK293), and no-expressing (HUVEC) cells were evaluated by 3-4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl (MTT) assay and annexin V-FITC-PI assay as well. In addition, anti-tumor activity of α-EpCAM IT was evaluated on nude mice bearing MCF7 tumor cells. Results showed success expression and purification of α-EpCAM IT. The α-EpCAM IT showed time and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 cells. However, α-EpCAM IT did not show any anti-proliferative activity on HEK293 and HUVEC cells as well. In addition, the annexin V-FITC-PI assay results showed that α-EpCAM IT significantly increased apoptotic rate in MCF-7 cells with no effect on HEK293 and HUVEC as well. Moreover, α-EpCAM IT significantly reduced tumor size in vivo study. The achieved results indicate the potential of designing α-EpCAM IT as a novel therapeutic for cancer therapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts