Lpaatδ/Agpat4 deficiency impairs maximal force contractility in soleus and alters fibre type in extensor digitorum longus muscle was written by Bradley, Ryan M.;Bloemberg, Darin;Aristizabal Henao, Juan J.;Hashemi, Ashkan;Mitchell, Andrew S.;Fajardo, Val A.;Bellissimo, Catherine;Mardian, Emily B.;Bombardier, Eric;Pare, Marie-France;Moes, Katherine A.;Stark, Ken D.;Tupling, A. Russell;Quadrilatero, Joe;Duncan, Robin E.. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) δ/acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 is a mitochondrial enzyme and one of five homologues that catalyze the acyl-CoA-dependent synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA) from lysophosphatidic acid. We studied skeletal muscle LPAATδ and found highest levels in soleus, a red oxidative fiber-type that is rich in mitochondria, and lower levels in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (white glycolytic) and gastrocnemius (mixed fiber-type). Using Lpaatδ-deficient mice, we found no change in soleus or EDL mass, or in treadmill time-to-exhaustion compared to wildtype littermates. There was, however, a significant reduction in the proportion of type I and type IIA fibers in EDL but, surprisingly, not soleus, where these fiber-types predominate. Also unexpectedly, there was no impairment in force generation by EDL, but a significant reduction by soleus. Oxidative phosphorylation and activity of complexes I, I + II, III, and IV in soleus mitochondria was unchanged and therefore could not explain this effect. However, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced in Lpaatδ-/- soleus and EDL. Anal. of cellular lipids indicated no difference in soleus triacylglycerol, but specific elevations in soleus PA and phosphatidylethanolamine levels, likely due to a compensatory upregulation of Lpaatβ and Lpaatε in Lpaatδ-/- mice. An anabolic effect for PA as an activator of skeletal muscle mTOR has been reported, but we found no change in serine 2448 phosphorylation, indicating reduced soleus force generation is unlikely due to the loss of mTOR activation by a specific pool of LPAATδ-derived PA. Our results identify an important role for LPAATδ in soleus and EDL. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5HPLC of Formula: 923-61-5).
(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 923-61-5
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