Procyanidin B2 Alleviates Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells was written by Wang, Hongzhuang;Hao, Weiguang;Yang, Liang;Li, Tingting;Zhao, Chongchong;Yan, Peishi;Wei, Shengjuan. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Application of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects and potential mol. mechanisms of procyanidin B2 (PB2) in MAC-T (mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen) cells during heat stress (HS). The MAC-T cells were divided into three treatment groups: control (37°C), HS (42°C), and PB2 + HS (42°C). Compared with MAC-T cells that were consistently cultured at 37°C, acute HS treatment remarkably decreased cell viability, reduced activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and elevated intracellular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Addnl., nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was activated and translocated to the nucleus, in accompaniment with upregulation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). In parallel, both mRNA transcript and actual protein secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were increased by heat stress. Pretreatment of MAC-T cells with 0∼25μM PB2 alleviated the decline of cell viability by HS in a dose-dependent fashion and protected cells against HS-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by significantly improved CAT, SOD, and T-AOC activity, as well as with decreased MDA and ROS generation. Furthermore, PB2 further activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and reversed the inflammatory response induced by HS. Silencing of Nrf2 by si-Nrf2 transfection not only exacerbated HS-induced cell death and provoked oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, but also greatly abolished the cytoprotective effects under HS of PB2. In summary, PB2 protected MAC-T cells against HS-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, partially by operating at the Nrf2 signal pathway. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Application of 29106-49-8).
(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 29106-49-8
Referemce:
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