A decade of monitoring micropollutants in urban wet-weather flows: What did we learn? was written by Mutzner, Lena;Furrer, Viviane;Castebrunet, Helene;Dittmer, Ulrich;Fuchs, Stephan;Gernjak, Wolfgang;Gromaire, Marie-Christine;Matzinger, Andreas;Mikkelsen, Peter Steen;Selbig, William R.;Vezzaro, Luca. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Product Details of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Urban wet-weather discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSO) and stormwater outlets (SWO) are a potential pathway for micropollutants (trace contaminants) to surface waters, posing a threat to the environment and possible water reuse applications. Despite large efforts to monitor micropollutants in the last decade, the gained information is still limited and scattered. In a metastudy we performed a data-driven anal. of measurements collected at 77 sites (683 events, 297 detected micropollutants) over the last decade to investigate which micropollutants are most relevant in terms of (1) occurrence and (2) potential risk for the aquatic environment, (3) estimate the min. number of data to be collected in monitoring studies to reliably obtain concentration estimates, and (4) provide recommendations for future monitoring campaigns. We highlight micropollutants to be prioritized due to their high occurrence and critical concentration levels compared to environmental quality standards These top-listed micropollutants include contaminants from all chem. classes (pesticides, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial and household chems.). Anal. of over 30,000 event mean concentrations shows a large fraction of measurements (> 50%) were below the limit of quantification, stressing the need for reliable, standard monitoring procedures. High variability was observed among events and sites, with differences between micropollutant classes. The number of events required for a reliable estimate of site mean concentrations (error bandwidth of 1 around the “true” value) depends on the individual micropollutant. The median min. number of events is 7 for CSO (2 to 31, 80%-interquantile) and 6 for SWO (1 to 25 events, 80%-interquantile). Our anal. indicates the min. number of sites needed to assess global pollution levels and our data collection and anal. can be used to estimate the required number of sites for an urban catchment. Our data-driven anal. demonstrates how future wet-weather monitoring programs will be more effective if the consequences of high variability inherent in urban wet-weather discharges are considered. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Product Details of 620-92-8).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 620-92-8
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