Determining the repellency of solid chemicals to mosquitoes was written by Linduska, J. P.;Morton, F. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Economic Entomology in 1947.Safety of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Although difficult to apply and retain on the skin, most solid substances have lower vapor pressure and lower rate of absorption by the skin than liquids. These characteristics appear to make solids a fertile field for study as repellents for mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects. Solids were tested against adult mosquitoes by impregnating mercerized cotton stocking fabric with 3.3 g. solid per sq. ft. of fabric, slipping the impregnated fabric over the arm, and exposing the covered arm to caged mosquitoes for 2 min. daily until a total of 5 bites was recorded. The primary test mosquito was A edes aegypti; a less sensitive species to repellents, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, was also used. Dimethyl phthalate, which gives 30 days’ protection against A. aegypti at 3.3 g. per sq. ft., was used as a standard for comparison. Chemicals allowing fewer than 5 bites in 10 days were considered worthy of further study. Of 1339 solids tested, 9% were selected on the basis of this test for addnl. study. They were then considered from the viewpoints of toxicity (to human subjects), skin irritation, pronounced odor, and staining properties. Materials that passed these tests were subjected to more definite examination with respect to suitability for skin application, resistance to removal from cloth by cool-water rinsing, efficiency at reduced rates of impregnation in cloth, and irritation to human subjects. Solids that were repellent when impregnated in cloth were tested as repellents on the human skin as solutions in dimethyl phthalate, as aqueous suspensions, or both. The testing procedure of Granett (C.A. 34, 7035.1) was used. Solids that were highly effective skin repellents (protected longer than dimethylphthalate) were: n-butyl sulfone; p-methoxyacetophenone; 8-hydroxyquinoline; piperonal; α,α-β-trichloropropionamide; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol; N,n-propylacetanilide; propiophenone oxime. Solids impregnated in cloth that were repellent after rinsing in tap water at 28.9-29.4° for 30 min. were: o-phenylphenol; p-tert-butylphenol; hexachlorophenol; 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (I); a mixture of chlorinated phenols; dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol (II); phenylcyclohexanol. II and I were best in the order given. Materials that provided more than 10 days’ protection when impregnated in cloth at 3.3 g. per sq. ft. were tested at half this dosage against A. aegyptii. The materials that passed this test were: o-phenylphenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 2,4-dinitro-o-cresol; p-nitroanisole; 2-isovaleryl-1,3-indandione (Valone); dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol; piperonal; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol; N-ethylacetanilide; N,n-propylacetanilide; 1-benzylcyclohexanol; 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-butanol; N-methylpropionanilide; 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decane-4,7-diol. 2-Ethylhexane-1,3-diol (Rutgers 612) and dimethyl phthalate, used as standards, also passed these tests. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Safety of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).
2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts