On April 15, 2020, Iliopoulos, Fotis; Sil, Bruno C.; Monjur Al Hossain, A. S. M.; Moore, David J.; Lucas, Robert A.; Lane, Majella E. published an article.Synthetic Route of 111-29-5 The title of the article was Topical delivery of niacinamide: Influence of neat solvents. And the article contained the following:
Niacinamide (NIA) has been widely used in cosmetic and personal care formulations for several skin conditions. Permeation of topical NIA has been confirmed in a number of studies under infinite dose conditions. However, there is limited information in the literature regarding permeation of NIA following application of topical formulations in amounts that reflect the real-life use of such products by consumers. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate skin delivery of NIA from single solvent systems in porcine skin under finite dose conditions. A secondary aim was to probe the processes underlying the previously reported low recovery of NIA following in vitro permeation and mass balance studies. The solubility and stability of NIA in various single solvent systems was examined The solvents investigated included Transcutol P (TC), propylene glycol (PG), 1-2 hexanediol (HEX), 1-2 pentanediol (1-2P), 1-5 pentanediol (1-5P), 1-3 butanediol (1-3B), glycerol (GLY) and di-Me isosorbide (DMI). Skin permeation and deposition of the mol. was investigated in full thickness porcine skin in vitro finite dose Franz-type diffusion experiments followed by mass balance studies. Stability of NIA for 72 h in the solvents was confirmed. The solubility of NIA in the solvents ranged from 82.9 ± 0.8 to 311.9 ± 4.5 mg/mL. TC delivered the highest percentage permeation of NIA at 24 h, 32.6 ± 12.1% of the applied dose. Low total recovery of NIA after mass balance studies was observed for some vehicles, with values ranging from 55.2 ± 12.8% to 106.3 ± 2.3%. This reflected the formation of a number of NIA degradation byproducts in the receptor phase during the permeation studies. Identification of other vehicles for synergistic enhancement of NIA skin delivery will be the subject of future work. The experimental process involved the reaction of Pentane-1,5-diol(cas: 111-29-5).Synthetic Route of 111-29-5
The Article related to skin topical formulation solvent niacinamide, finite dose, in vitro, niacinamide, permeation, porcine skin, Pharmaceuticals: Formulation and Compounding and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 111-29-5
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts