COA of Formula: C20H34O, In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom. 24034-73-9, name is (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-ol, An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest examples, includes all compounds which conform to the general formula CnH2n+1OH.
Patntirapong, Somying;Korjai, Nareerat;Matchimapiro, Monticha;Sungkaruk, Paphada;Suthamporn, Yauwaluk research published 《 Geranylgeraniol reverses alendronate-induced MC3T3 cell cytotoxicity and alteration of osteoblast function via cell cytoskeletal maintenance》, the research content is summarized as follows. Alendronate (ALN) is a bisphosphonate, which is prescribed as an anti-osteoporotic drug. ALN has been shown to increase osteoblast cell death and decrease bone mineralization. ALN inhibits a key regulatory enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, consequently reducing geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be converted to GGPP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous GGOH on MC3T3 cell viability, cell cycle, osteoblast function, and cell cytoskeleton under ALN treatment. MC3T3 cells and osteoblast precursors, were incubated with ALN (0-50μmol/L) and GGOH (0-50μmol/L). After treatment, cells were evaluated for cell viability, cell cycle, osteoblast function, and cell cytoskeleton by MTT, flow cytometry, alizarin red S assay, and fluorescent microscopy, resp. ALN reduced cell viability and bone nodule formation in a dose-dependent manner. GGOH partially inhibited the neg. effects of ALN on cell viability and function. ALN increased the percentages of cell apoptosis and necrosis and arrested cells in G2M phase. Co-incubation with GGOH partially reduced late cell apoptosis and rescued cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, ALN altered MC3T3 morphol. and decreased cell area, actin stress fiber d. as well as nuclear area. GGOH abolished the effect of ALN on cell area, actin stress fiber d., and nuclear area. GGOH partially inhibited neg. effects of ALN on cell viability, cell cycle, function, and cell cytoskeleton. It might be an addnl. option for increasing osteoblast function and reducing apoptosis of osteoblasts in the condition treated with low bisphosphonate concentration
COA of Formula: C20H34O, Geranylgeraniol is a diterpenoid that is hexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15 and a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component and an antileishmanial agent. It is a diterpenoid and a polyprenol.
Geranylgeraniol, a precursor to geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, is an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol has been shown to prevent bone re-absorption, inhibition of osteoclast formation, and kinase activation in vitro. When working with statins, Geranylgeraniol can reduce the toxicity without inhibiting the cholesterol-producing effects. Geranylgeraniol has been documented to counteract the effects of fluvastatin by inhibiting activation of caspase-1 and production of IL-1. Additionally Geranylgeraniol has been found to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
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Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts