Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 527-07-1, formula is C6H11NaO7, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , COA of Formula: C6H11NaO7
Kikuchi, Masuzu;Kojima, Keiichi;Nakao, Shin;Yoshizawa, Susumu;Kawanishi, Shiho;Shibukawa, Atsushi;Kikukawa, Takashi;Sudo, Yuki research published 《 Functional expression of the eukaryotic proton pump rhodopsin OmR2 in Escherichia coli and its photochemical characterization》, the research content is summarized as follows. Microbial rhodopsins are photoswitchable seven-transmembrane proteins that are widely distributed in three domains of life, archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Rhodopsins allow the transport of protons outwardly across the membrane and are indispensable for light-energy conversion in microorganisms. Archaeal and bacterial proton pump rhodopsins have been characterized using an Escherichia coli expression system because that enables the rapid production of large amounts of recombinant proteins, whereas no success has been reported for eukaryotic rhodopsins. Here, we report a phylogenetically distinct eukaryotic rhodopsin from the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina (O. marina rhodopsin-2, OmR2) that can be expressed in E. coli cells. E. coli cells harboring the OmR2 gene showed an outward proton-pumping activity, indicating its functional expression. Spectroscopic characterization of the purified OmR2 protein revealed several features as follows: (1) an absorption maximum at 533 nm with all-trans retinal chromophore, (2) the possession of the deprotonated counterion (pKa = 3.0) of the protonated Schiff base and (3) a rapid photocycle through several distinct photointermediates. Those features are similar to those of known eukaryotic proton pump rhodopsins. Our successful characterization of OmR2 expressed in E. coli cells could build a basis for understanding and utilizing eukaryotic rhodopsins.
COA of Formula: C6H11NaO7, Sodium Gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid with chelating property. Sodium gluconate chelates and forms stable complexes with various ions, preventing them from engaging in chemical reactions.
Sodium gluconate is an organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion. It has a role as a chelator. It contains a D-gluconate.
D-Gluconic acid sodium salt is a glycol ether that is used as an injection solution. It has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against wild-type strains of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antimicrobial action of D-gluconic acid sodium salt was found to be due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. D-gluconic acid sodium salt also has been shown to have antihypertensive effects in rats through the inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) signaling pathway and erythrocyte proliferation. This drug also has been shown to bind benzalkonium chloride and x-ray diffraction data show that it is crystalline in nature. The analytical method for determining the concentration of D-gluconic acid sodium salt is by electrochemical impedance, 527-07-1.
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts