Month: February 2023

Formulation and characterization of microcapsules encapsulating carvacrol using complex coacervation crosslinked with tannic acid was written by Guo, Qi;Li, Shuai;Du, Gengan;Chen, Hong;Yan, Xiaohai;Chang, Shuaidan;Yue, Tianli;Yuan, Yahong. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Carvacrol-loaded microcapsules were developed based on coacervation complexes of whey protein isolate (WPI) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP), followed by crosslinking with tannic acid (TA). Optimal pH and WPI-HMP ratios for complex coacervation were found to be 4.1 and 5:1, resp. Coacervation complexes were used to encapsulate carvacrol. Optimum conditions for achieving morphol. and encapsulation efficiency were found for wall materials with a concentration of 2% (w/v), a wall/core ratio of 1:2 (w: w), and a homogenization speed of 15,000 rpm. The optimized formulation of microcapsules has an encapsulation efficiency of 77.48 ± 0.03% for carvacrol and a size of 1.08μm. The addition of tannic acid (TA) decreased particle size and had no other influence on the morphol. properties of microcapsules. Addnl., Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that coacervates were formed through the electrostatic interactions between WPI and HMP and the main force between TA and coacervates is hydrogen bonding. The addition of HMP to WPI and the presence of TA both decreased the content of tryptophan residues. Carvacrol microcapsules crosslinked with TA demonstrated better stability and antioxidant properties, showing potential for encapsulation of bioactive substances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the adsorption capacity and mechanism of soy protein isolate for volatile flavor compounds: Role of different oxygen-containing functional groups was written by Zhang, Bin;Zhang, Jingwen;Yu, Xiaobo;Peng, Jing;Pan, Leiqing;Tu, Kang. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C8H16O This article mentions the following:

Mechanism of soy protein isolate (SPI) adsorbing isomers of volatile flavor compounds (VFCs: 2-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol and octanal) were investigated by exploring the interaction between different oxygen-containing functional groups (OCF groups: carbonyl, alc. hydroxyl and aldehyde group) and SPI in this study. VFCs made SPI aggregate into larger particle size, and an increase in β-sheet and β-turn was observed Octanal has strongest binding capacity to SPI, followed by 1-octen-3-ol and 2-octanone. Fluorescence anal. revealed that static quenching occurred between the VFCs and SPI, which suggested that SPI-VFCs complex were formed. Double logarithmic Stern-Volmer indicated the strongest interaction between aldehyde group and SPI, which was proved by surface plasmon resonance. Finally, mol. docking results showed more hydrogen bonds between octanal and SPI. The results showed that aldehyde groups were more likely to interact with SPI than others, probably due to their tendency to form more hydrogen bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Formula: C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration of aryl ketones with pinacolborane was written by Guo, Jun;Chen, Jianhui;Lu, Zhan. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2015.Related Products of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The highly enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed hydroboration reaction of aryl ketones with HBpin was developed using iminopyridine oxazoline ligands. Halides, amines, ethers, sulfides, esters and amides are well tolerated under the mild reaction conditions, demonstrating its synthetic advantage. Substituted diaryl ketones could also be hydroborated with high enantioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Related Products of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Integrating the rapid constituent profiling strategy and multivariate statistical analysis for herb ingredients research, with Chinese official rhubarb and Tibetan rhubarb as an example was written by Luo, Dewei;He, Mingzhen;Li, Junmao;Du, Hui;Mao, Qiping;Pei, Na;Zhong, Guoyue;Ouyang, Hui;Yang, Shiling;Feng, Yulin. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

The Chinese official rhubarb (COR), from the genus Rheum, is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, while many rhubarb plant sources include in the Tibetan rhubarb (TR) are not attributable to Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Tibetan rhubarb is widely used as a natural medicine in Tibet; however, the difference in plant endogenous phytochems. between the COR and TR remains largely unclear.To establish a method for evaluating the chem. composition and metabolic difference between COR and TR.Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, we established a strategy to quickly and comprehensively identify the chem. components of COR and TR. Furthermore, multivariate statistical anal. was applied to identify the significant metabolic differences between the two.In total, 209 chem. compounds, including 51 anthraquinones, 44 stilbenes, 26 tannins, 52 acyl glycosides, and 36 other compounds, were identified using the data mining strategy. Importantly, 47 compounds may be the potential new compounds, while 35 significant metabolic differences were revealed between COR and TR.This study offers significant insight into the chem. composition and differences between COR and TR that could be used to develop their varieties and clin. applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

From vicinal azido alcohols to Boc-amino alcohols or oxazolidinones, with trimethylphosphine and Boc₂O or CO₂ was written by Ariza, X.;Pineda, O.;Urpi, F.;Vilarrasa, J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2001.Electric Literature of C11H21NO3 This article mentions the following:

A practical solution to the problem of converting directly 1,2-azido alcs. to Boc-amino alcs., without recourse to catalytic hydrogenation, involves the use of Me₃P/Boc₂O in THF (or CH₂Cl₂) and aqueous NaOH at rt (90-98% yields). The same azido alcs. can be converted in one-pot to the corresponding oxazolidinones with Boc₂O/DMAP/Me₃P or even better with CO₂ and Me₃P under basic catalysis (91-96% yields). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 121282-70-0Electric Literature of C11H21NO3).

tert-Butyl (trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 121282-70-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C11H21NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of key aroma compounds in traditional beef soup was written by Wang, Lin;Li, Cong;Al-Dalali, Sam;Liu, Yiyang;Zhou, Hui;Chen, Conggui;Xu, Baocai;Wang, Ying. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Reference of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to identify the characteristic aroma compounds of beef soup and analyze the differences between their aroma. Seven beef soup samples were analyzed by sensory evaluation combined with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose). A total of 80 volatile compounds were identified, and seven key aroma compounds in beef soup samples were determined by odor activity value, sensory evaluation, aroma recombination and omission experiments They were linalool, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, 2-acetylthiazole and estragole. The panelists described the organoleptic characteristics of beef soup as beef meaty, spice, fatty, caramel, and roasted. GC-MS and E-nose combined with principal component anal. showed different aroma profiles among beef soup samples. A total of 30 potential differential markers were screened by partial least squares discriminant anal. The difference between samples was mainly caused by the type and content of compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Reference of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Echinacea and Arctium extracts and Zataria essential oil was written by Yazdanian, Mohsen;Rostamzadeh, Pouya;Alam, Mostafa;Abbasi, Kamyar;Tahmasebi, Elahe;Tebyaniyan, Hamid;Ranjbar, Reza;Seifalian, Alexander;Moghaddam, Mehrdad Moosazadeh;Kahnamoei, Majid Balaei. And the article was included in AMB Express in 2022.SDS of cas: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Dental caries and oral infections have become a widespread issue in the modern world. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxicity characteristics of the extracts of Echinacea purpura, Arctium lappa, and the essential oil of Zataria multiflora as a potential herbal mouthwash. The essential oil of Z. multiflora leaves and the extracts of E. purpurea and A. lappa roots were prepared The characterization was carried out by GC-MS and also, total phenol and flavonoid were assed for all three samples. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The cytotoxic effect of the samples was evaluated on HEK 293 and HDFa cells by MTT test. Thymol and carvacrol contents in EO of Z. multiflora were measured at 31% and 42.2%, resp. A. lappa had the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid value among the samples. On the other hand, the total phenolic content of Z. multiflora and the total flavonoid content of E. purpurea were the highest. The MIC values of Zataria, Arctium, and Echinacea against S. mutans were 0.011% volume/volume, 187.5 mg/mL, and 93.75 mg/mL, while MBC were 0.011% volume/volume, 375 mg/mL, and 187.5 mg/mL, resp. The formulation showed bactericidal activity against S. mutans in the concentration of 5.86 mg/mL for Echinacea and Burdock extracts and 0.08μl/mL for EO of Zataria. The formulation significantly affected microbial biofilm formation and induced biofilm degradation The cell viability percentages were higher than 50% during 24 and 48 h. The formulation had a significant antimicrobial effect on cariogenic bacteria and C. albicans, with the lowest cytotoxic effects. Therefore, this formulation can be an appropriate candidate for mouthwash. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2SDS of cas: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the permeation kinetics of formamide in porcine articular cartilage was written by Dong, Rachael;Clark, Shannon;Laouar, Leila;Heinrichs, Luke;Wu, Kezhou;Jomha, Nadr M.;Elliott, Janet A. W.. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Cryopreservation of articular cartilage will increase tissue availability for osteochondral allografting and improve clin. outcomes. However, successful cryopreservation of articular cartilage requires the precise determination of cryoprotectant permeation kinetics to develop effective vitrification protocols. To date, permeation kinetics of the cryoprotectant formamide in articular cartilage have not been sufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to determine the permeation kinetics of formamide into porcine articular cartilage for application in vitrification. The permeation of DMSO was first measured to validate existing methods from our previously published literature. Osteochondral dowels from dissected porcine femoral condyles were incubated in 6.5 M DMSO for a designated treatment time (1 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min, 24 h) at 22 °C (N = 3). Methods were then repeated with 6.5 M formamide at one of three temperatures: 4 °C, 22 °C, 37 °C (N = 3). Following incubation, cryoprotectant efflux into a wash solution occurred, and osmolality was measured from each equilibrated wash solution Concentrations of effluxed cryoprotectant were calculated and diffusion coefficients were determined using an anal. solution to Fics law for axial and radial diffusion in combination with a least squares approach. The activation energy of formamide was determined from the Arrhenius equation. The diffusion coefficient (2.7-3.3 x 10-10 m2/s depending on temperature) and activation energy (0.9±0.6 kcal/mol) for formamide permeation in porcine articular cartilage were established. The determined permeation kinetics of formamide will facilitate its precise use in future articular cartilage vitrification protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vibration mill-assisted complex enzyme hydrolysis for flavoring of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder was written by Jin, Dan-li;Chen, Yue-wen;Hong, Xing-de;Chai, Ting-ting;Ren, Shao-tian;Ou, Yang-zhi;Huang, Xing-xin;Hu, Hao-ben. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2022.Related Products of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

This study aims to analyze the flavor differences of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder, processed for different time intervals, under vibration mill-assisted complex enzyme hydrolysis using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results of principal component anal. by E-nose showed distinction among the four groups of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder (papain-neutral protease (PN) and flavorzyme-neutral protease (FN), processed for 60 and 80 min). The GC-IMS revealed 35 volatile compounds Subsequently, based on the fingerprint and heat map results, the flavor differences among the samples were clearly distinguished. When compared to the other three groups, the 60-FN group exhibited a greater variety and quantity of volatile compounds such as octanal, heptanal, hexanal, (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal, and nonanal. The 80-PN group exhibited high amounts of 2-propanone, ethylbenzene, Et acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. In addition, the vibration mill technique was considered to be a mild enzyme-assisted method. This study found that different enzyme types and phys. technol. operation time can affect the different volatile flavor compounds of freeze-dried sea cucumber powder, which can be quickly and effectively be identified by E-nose and GC-IMS technol. to improve the flavor and quality of the product, while facilitating the rapid adjustment and development of the industry. Meanwhile, the results of the study could provide a reference for the deep processing and flavor improvement of the sea cucumber industry and make an important contribution to the related literature. In addition, this could also promote the development and application of non-thermal processing technologies such as vibratory mill in the freeze-dried sea cucumber powder industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Related Products of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with a cinchona alkaloid derived NNP ligand was written by Li, Linlin;Ma, Nana;Chen, Qian;Sun, Hao;Tian, Jie;Xu, Qian;Li, Chun;Zhang, Lin. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

An iridium complex generated in situ from [Ir(COD)Cl]₂ and a cinchona alkaloid derived NNP ligand has been developed for the asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. In this study, 30 aromatic ketones and heteroaryl ketones were hydrogenated to produce valuable chiral alcs. with up to 99% ee using i-PrOH as the hydrogen source and the solvent. The easily prepared Ir(L8)(COD)Cl also exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity in asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with a high S/C ratio (up to 2000). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Electric Literature of C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts