Month: February 2023

Bromine Substitution of Organic Modifiers Fixed on a Titanium(IV) Oxide Photocatalyst: A New Strategy Accelerating Visible Light-Induced Hydrogen-Free Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol was written by Yamamoto, Yuhei;Toda, Hibiki;Tanaka, Atsuhiro;Kominami, Hiroshi. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2022.Formula: C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO₂) modified with 2,3-naphthalenediol (NDO) works as a photocatalyst for some reactions under irradiation of visible light. We prepared and characterized nine kinds of organically modified TiO₂ (OM/TiO₂) and used OM/TiO₂ for chemoselective hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) to furfuryl alc. (FOL) under irradiation of visible light without the use of hydrogen gas. All OM/TiO₂ prepared in this study produced FOL and a linear relation between the reaction rate and amount of FAL adsorbed on the OM/TiO₂ was observed Among them, OM/TiO₂ having bromine (Br)-substituted NDO exhibited larger reaction rates and the rate increased with an increase in the number of Br groups. In the case of the most active 1,4,6-tribromo-2,3-naphthalenediol-modified TiO₂ (TB-NDO/TiO₂), the reaction rate was not dependent on the amount of TB-NDO and the photoabsorption of TB-NDO/TiO₂ but was dependent on the amount of FAL adsorbed on TB-NDO/TiO₂. These results revealed that substitution of hydrogen atoms of organic modifiers with Br is a simple but effective method for increasing the photocatalytic activity. The explored TB-NDO/TiO₂ also showed high performance in H₂-free chemoselective reduction of benzaldehydes having reducible groups to corresponding benzyl alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Formula: C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetic analysis of the conversion of aqueous erythritol solution on Ir/ReO_x/TiO₂ in a batch slurry reactor was written by Virgilio, Emanuel M.;Sad, Maria E.;Padro, Cristina L.. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, A: General in 2022.Name: 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The influence of temperature, H₂ pressure and erythritol concentration on the hydrogenolysis of erythritol was studied using Ir/ReO_x/TiO₂. Under the conditions used here, four reaction routes coexist: isomerization, dehydration, C-O and C-C hydrogenolysis. The initial rates as well as reaction orders and activation energy were estimated for each pathway. The variation of the hydrogen pressure produced slight changes in the isomerization, dehydration, and C-C hydrogenolysis routes, whereas C-O hydrogenolysis showed order 1 with respect to this reagent. The change in erythritol concentration affected more the dehydration, resulting in a reaction order for this reactant close to 1, while for the other routes the order was close to 0.5. Regarding the influence of the temperature, dehydration of erythritol showed the highest activation energy (212.1 kJ mol^-1) and the isomerization the lowest (20.0 kJ mol^-1). Furthermore, it was found that the ruptures of C-C bonds require higher energy than C-O bonds break. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Name: 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, in vitro pharmacology and radiosynthesis of N-(cis-4-fluoromethylcyclohexyl)-4-(1(H)-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine-1-thiocarbonamide (VUF 5000), a potential PET ligand for the histamine H₃ receptor was written by Windhorst, Albert D.;Timmerman, Henk;Menge, Wiro M. P. B.;Leurs, Rob;Herscheid, Jacobus D. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals in 1999.COA of Formula: C12H23NO3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of VUF 5000, a fluorinated analog of the potent (pA₂ value of 8.9 ± 0.1, K_i = 4.3 ± 0.9 nM) histamine H₃ receptor antagonist thioperamide is described. After establishing the H₃ antagonistic activity of VUF 5000, pA₂ value = 9.0 ± 0.2, K_i = 2.3 ±0.5 nM, a four step synthesis for the radiolabelling of VUF 5000 with ¹⁸F (half life 110 min) was developed. Within 4 h of the end of the bombardment, [¹⁸F]VUF 5000 was obtained with an average radiochem. yield of 23% (decay corrected) and a specific activity > 96.2 TBq/μmol (2.6 Ci/μmol). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9COA of Formula: C12H23NO3).

tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C12H23NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visible-light-induced hydrogen evolution from water on hybrid photocatalysts consisting of synthetic chlorophyll-a derivatives with a carboxy group in the 20-substituent adsorbed on semiconductors was written by Hashimoto, Yuki;Suzuki, Hajime;Kondo, Tomoki;Abe, Ryu;Tamiaki, Hitoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Chlorophyll (Chl) derivatives have attracted much attention as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. In contrast, only a few studies have been reported as Chl-based photosensitizers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, and therefore systematic studies should be required to obtain the optimal Chl photosensitizers for the photocatalytic water splitting system. In this study, we prepared four carboxylated Chl derivatives with different linkers at the 20-position, and investigated the effects of the linker length and π-conjugation between a chlorin macrocycle and a carboxy anchor. Hydrogen evolution rates on the Pt-loaded TiO₂ adsorbing the Chl derivatives are significantly affected by the kind of linkers. The results indicated that (1) π-conjugation of a chlorin moiety with a carboxy anchor and (2) an appropriate linker length are of great importance to the photocatalytic activity probably due to the balance of electron injection to and back electron transfer from TiO₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of defects at tooth/self-adhering flowable composite interface using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was written by Park, Kyung-Jin;Schneider, Hartmut;Haak, Rainer. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2015.Reference of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Assessment of adhesive defects of a self-etch adhesive and a self-adhering flowable composite at the tooth/composite interface before and after water storage by optical coherence tomog. (OCT).16 extracted human molars (n = 8 each) with box-shaped, class-V cavities were restored either with an exptl. self-adhering flowable composite (EF, DMG) or with the filling system Adper Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Supreme XT Flowable composite (PLP, 3M ESPE). Restorations of both groups were non-invasively imaged using swept-source OCT before and after storage in water. The OCT signal for adhesive defects at the tooth/composite interface was quantified.At enamel, significantly fewer adhesive defects were detected at EF restorations than at PLP restorations, before water storage (4%/48%, p < 0.001) and thereafter (8%/49%, p < 0.001); in contrast, at dentin more interfacial defects were observed with EF (before water storage: 75%/11%; p < 0.001, after water storage: 77%/52%; p_i = 0.001). In the case of slight initial adhesive defects, water storage caused a statistically verifiable increase in adhesive defects at the enamel interface with EF (before/after storage: 4%/8%; p = 0.023) and at dentin with PLP (before/after storage: 11%/52%; p = 0.008).Given the high proportion of adhesive defects with the exptl. self-adhering flowable composite, its use as the definitive restorative material in class-V cavities must be critically scrutinized and clin. indications must be investigated further with in vitro and in vivo trials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Reference of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Reference of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bottlebrush polymers with self-immolative side chains was written by Wu, Ying;Zhang, Liangcai;Zhang, Minghui;Liu, Zhengping;Zhu, Wen;Zhang, Ke. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

A series of bottle-brush polymers with self-immolative side chains were prepared by a grafting-onto method. Poly(3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGA) and propargyl-capped poly(carbamates) were used as the backbone and side chains, resp. A copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was used to graft the side chains onto the backbone with a high grafting d. A UV cleavable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB) linker was designed at the junction site of the backbone and side chain. Under UV irradiation, the ONB linkers cleaved to break the bottle-brush mol. architecture by detaching phenylamine terminated side chains from PGA backbones. The self-immolative disassembly of the detached side chains was then followed to generate aromatic amine small mols. The model functional bottle-brush polymers were further constructed using acrylate substituted poly(carbamates) as side chains, whose self-immolative disassembly continuously released fluorescence signals. Moreover, the total disassembly rate of the bottle-brush polymers could be conveniently tuned by tailoring the substituent group of poly(carbamate) side chains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Electric Literature of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cardioprotective effect of rheum turkenstanicum against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats was written by Hosseini, Azar;Safari, Mohammad-Kazem;Rajabian, Arezoo;Boroumand-Noughabi, Samaneh;Eid, Ali H.;Al Dhaheri, Yusra;Gumpricht, Eric;Sahebkar, Amirhossein. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Doxorubicin as an anti-cancer drug causes cardiotoxicity, limiting its tolerability and use. The mechanism of toxicity is due to free radical production and cardiomyocytes injury. This research evaluated Rheum turkestanicum (R.turkestanicum) extract against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity due to its considerable in vitro antioxidant activity. Male Wistar rats received 2.5 mg/kg doxorubicin i.p. every otherday for 2 wk to create an accumulative dose. R. turkestanicum was administrated at a dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg i.p. from the second week for 7 days. On the 15th day, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected from cardiac tissue for evaluation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cardiac muscle creatinine kinase (CK-MB), troponin T (cTn-T), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and B-type natriuretic peptide brain natriuretic peptide. A cardiac homogenate was also collected to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase Catalase Activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiols. Histopathol. was also performed. Doxorubicin increased all cardiac enzymes and malondialdehyde, correlating with a reduction in SOD, catalase, and thiols. Histopathol. revealed extracellular edema, moderate congestion, and hemorrhage of foci. In contrast, administration of R. turkestanicum ameliorated these doxorubicin-induced pathophysiol. changes. This study revealed that the extract ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity via modulation of oxidative stress-related pathways. Liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry anal. of R. turkestanicum indicated several components with potent pharmacol. properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Synthetic Route of C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visible-light-induced radical cascade reaction to prepare oxindoles via alkyl radical addition to N-arylacryl amides was written by Cheng, Hanchao;Luo, Yunfeng;Lam, Tsz-Lung;Liu, Yungen;Che, Chi-Ming. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers.Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A photochem. approach towards oxindoles I (R = H, OMe; R¹ = H, SMe, Br, Bz, etc.; RR¹ = -N=CHS-; R² = H, OMe; R³ = H; R²R³ = -CH=CH-CH=CH-; R⁴ = Me, 2-cyanoethyl, Ph, Bn; R³R⁴ = -(CH₂)₃-; R⁵ = 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl, 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl, etc.) by the radical cascade reaction of α,β-unsaturated N-arylacryl amides with alkyl bromides or iodides upon visible light irradiation was described. This transition metal- and photosensitizer-free protocol afforded diverse oxindoles I with C3 quaternary centers in high product yields under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, the method was applicable to prepare the core skeletons of (±)-physovenine, (±)-esermethole and (±)-physostigmine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficacy of supercritical carbon dioxide integrated hydrothermal extraction of Khmer medicinal plants with potential pharmaceutical activity was written by Chhouk, Kimthet;Wahyudiono;Kanda, Hideki;Goto, Motonobu. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering in 2018.Electric Literature of C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

Khmer medicinal plants have been employed to treat human diseases for nearly a thousand years. Several studies have shown that the principal phytochem. constituents of such medicinal plants are phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which possess diverse bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiallergic, and antimicrobial. In the present study, the extraction of the phytochem. constituents of Khmer medicinal plants (Dialium cochinchinense Pierre, Cinnamomum cambodianum Lecomte, Gardenia angkorensis Pitard, Cananga latifolia (Hook.f. & Thomson) Finet & Gagnep, and Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz bark) is performed using a supercritical carbon dioxide integrated hydrothermal process (SC-CO₂-H) at a temperature of 150°C, pressure of 10MPa, water flow rate of 2mL/min, CO₂ flow rate of 0.15mL/min, and extraction time of 4h. The total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of the Khmer medicinal plants were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH scavenging activity methods, resp. The phytochem. constituents of such plants were identified using GC-MS anal. The results showed that the extracts obtained by SC-CO₂-H contained a high amount of total phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity. The GC-MS results also suggested that the Khmer medicinal plants contained many bioactive compounds with a broad range of biol. activities, which could be employed in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Electric Literature of C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery and Identification of Tastants and Taste-Modulating N-Acyl Amino Acid Derivatives in Traditional Korean Fermented Dish Kimchi Using a Sensomics Approach was written by Christa, Peter;Dunkel, Andreas;Krauss, Alin;Stark, Timo D.;Dawid, Corinna;Hofmann, Thomas. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Sensory-guided fractionation by means of ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatog. followed by high-performance liquid chromatog., synthesis, liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitation, and taste re-engineering experiments revealed taste-active and taste-enhancing compounds contributing to the umami, mouthful and complex taste profile of the fermented Korean dish, kimchi. Besides basic taste-active compounds, in particular, various N-acylated amino acids deriving from succinic acid and lactic acid imparted taste-modulating properties in food matrixes. Taste threshold concentrations were determined to evaluate intrinsic and modulating effects. Quantitation of N-acylated amino acids in kimchi following synthesis revealed the presence of numerous derivatives showing taste-active properties. Sensory evaluation including recombination and partial addition experiments highlighted that both the N-lactoyl- and the N-succinoyl amino acid derivatives contribute to increasing the fullness, volume, and complexity of food matrixes, whereas the latter directly contributes to the overall taste of kimchi in natural concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts