Month: February 2023

Minimizing the interfacial resistance for a solid-state lithium battery running at room temperature was written by Wang, Qianchen;Ding, Xiangyu;Li, Jingbo;Jin, Haibo;Gao, Hongcai. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

A ceramic solid electrolyte of Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃ (LAGP) with high ionic conductivity (4.28 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 at 30 °C) and low activation energy (0.25 eV) is prepared by a three-step method, and the interfacial properties of the ceramic solid electrolyte are further modified by an in-situ polymerization strategy with the formation of a gel-polymer electrolyte with the thickness of 8.85 μm on the surface of LAGP. The presence of the gel-polymer electrolyte on the surface of LAGP inhibits the side reactions and the growth of lithium dendrites, as evidenced by the stable cycling of the lithium sym. cells with the modified LAGP solid electrolyte for 1000 h at 25 °C. In addition, the high ionic conductivity and the stable interface of the modified LAGP solid electrolyte enable the solid-state lithium battery with a LiFePO₄ cathode, exhibiting superior electrochem. performances which can run stably at 25 °C with initial discharge specific capacity of 159.8 mAh g^-1 at 0.1C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Synthetic Route of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

para-Selective C-H Borylation of Aromatic Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts was written by Lu, Shuo;Zheng, Tianyu;Ma, Jiawei;Deng, Zhangming;Qin, Shengmeng;Chen, Yu;Liang, Yong. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Name: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol This article mentions the following:

Aromatic ammonium and phosphonium salts are important synthetic intermediates and multifunctional materials, but para-selective functionalization of the aromatic salts remains a challenge. Here authors developed ionic ligand based newly designed “biphenyl-phenanthroline” skeleton and realize the Ir-catalyzed para-selective C-H borylation of seven types of aromatic quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. Gram-scale transformation, late-stage elaboration for drug mol., and diversification of borylated products demonstrate the potential utility of this reaction. The mechanistic studies and computational anal. elucidate the origin of para-selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Name: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Synthetic Approach to Dimetalated Arenes Using Flow Microreactors and the Switchable Application to Chemoselective Cross-Coupling Reactions was written by Ashikari, Yosuke;Kawaguchi, Tomoko;Mandai, Kyoko;Aizawa, Yoko;Nagaki, Aiichiro. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Name: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

In spite of their potential utility, the chem. of dimetallated arenes is still in its infancy because it is extremely difficult to synthesize them. Herein is reported a method of synthesizing arenes bearing a boryl group and a metallic substituent such as boryl, silyl, stannyl or zincyl group, based on generation and reactions of aryllithiums bearing a trialkyl borate moiety in a integrated flow microreactor. The bimetallic arenes showed a remarkable chemoselectivity in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The selectivity was switched by selection of the metal species constituting the dimetallated arenes together with appropriate catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Name: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,1-Diboration of Terminal Alkynes: Scope, Mechanism, and Synthetic Applications was written by Krautwald, Simon;Bezdek, Mate J.;Chirik, Paul J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Name: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine This article mentions the following:

A Co-catalyzed method for the 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B₂Pin₂) is described. The reaction proceeds efficiently at 23° with excellent 1,1-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance. With the unsym. diboron reagent PinB-BDan (Dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato), stereoselective 1,1-diboration provided products with two B substituents that exhibit differential reactivity. One example prepared by diboration of 1-octyne was crystallized, and its stereochem. established by x-ray crystallog. The utility and versatility of the 1,1-diborylalkene products was demonstrated in a number of synthetic applications, including a concise synthesis of the epilepsy medication tiagabine. A synthesis of 1,1,1-triborylalkanes was accomplished through Co-catalyzed hydroboration of 1,1-diborylalkenes with HBPin. D-labeling and stoichiometric experiments support a mechanism involving selective insertion of an alkynylboronate to a Co-B bond of a Co boryl complex to form a vinylcobalt intermediate. The latter was isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallog. A competition experiment established that the reaction involves formation of free alkynylboronate and the two boryl substituents are not necessarily derived from the same diboron source. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Name: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mechanochemical, Water-Assisted Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Ruthenium Catalyst was written by Kolcsar, Vanessza Judit;Szollosi, Gyorgy. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to develop a green system for the asym. transfer hydrogenation of ketones RC(O)R¹ (R = Ph, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, phenylethyl, etc.; R¹ = Me) applying chiral Ru catalyst I in aqueous media and mechanochem. energy transmission. Using a ball mill, the milling parameters were optimized in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone followed by reduction of various substituted derivatives The scope of the method was extended to carbo- II (R² = H, 5-OMe, 7-Br, 6-CF₃, etc.; n = 1, 2, 3) and heterocyclic ketones III (R³ = H, 6-Cl, 8-Br; X = O, S, NH, N-BOC). The scale-up of the developed system was successful, and the optically enriched alcs. (R)-RC(OH)R¹, IV, V could be obtained in high yields. The developed mechanochem. system provides TOFs up to 168 h^-1. The present study is the first in which mechanochem. activated enantioselective transfer hydrogenations were carried out, thus, may be a useful guide for the practical synthesis of optically pure chiral secondary alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Application In Synthesis of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficacy and safety of ospemifene in postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. was written by Archer, David F;Goldstein, Steven R;Simon, James A;Waldbaum, Arthur S;Sussman, Steven A;Altomare, Corrado;Zhu, Julie;Yoshida, Yuki;Schaffer, Sam;Soulban, Graziella. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2019.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ospemifene for the treatment of moderate to severe vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). METHODS: This 12-week, multicenter, double-blind phase 3 study randomized postmenopausal women (aged 40-80 years) with VVA and moderate to severe vaginal dryness as their most bothersome symptom to daily oral ospemifene 60 mg or placebo. Coprimary efficacy endpoints included changes from baseline to week 12 in percentages of vaginal parabasal and superficial cells, vaginal pH, and vaginal dryness severity with ospemifene versus placebo; other secondary endpoints were evaluated (weeks 4, 8, and 12). Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and endometrial biopsies. RESULTS: Women (n = 631; ospemifene [n = 316], placebo [n = 315]) had a mean age of 59.8 years, a mean body mass index of 27.2 kg/m, and most were white. Ospemifene significantly improved (P < 0.0001) the percentages of parabasal and superficial cells, vaginal pH, and severity of vaginal dryness severity compared with placebo at week 12; significant between-group differences were noted by week 4. Secondary endpoints of dyspareunia (P < 0.001), maturation value (P < 0.0001), and the Female Sexual Function Index (P < 0.05) also significantly improved with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12. Significantly more women responded (31.5% vs 6.0%; P < 0.0001) or were satisfied (49.2% vs 33.8%; P = 0.0007) with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12. No unexpected TEAEs, treatment-related serious TEAEs, thrombotic events, or endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ospemifene was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women with VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study of Mesalazine Solubility in Ternary Mixtures of Ethanol, Propylene Glycol, and Water at Various Temperatures was written by Rahimpour, Elaheh;Martinez, Fleming;Hemmati, Salar;Ramezani, Amir M.;Jouyban, Abolghasem. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Mesalazine is a low-permeable and low-soluble drug, which makes it a class IV drug in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Hence, its solubilization can be helpful for various stages of formulation development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the solubilization manner and thermodn. of mesalazine in ternary solvent combinations of {ethanol (1) + propylene glycol (2) + water (3)} using the shake-flask technique at (298.2-313.2) K. In the following, the math. representation of the acquired solubility data using some popular models was evaluated. The accuracies of the applied models were described by percentages of mean relative deviation (MRD%). Based on obtained results (MRD% < 10.0), it can be concluded that the trained models can adequately predict the solubility of mesalazine in the investigated ternary solvent combinations. The findings also revealed that the solution composition and temperatures greatly influence the solubility of mesalazine. In addition, the thermodn. characteristics of the mesalazine dissolution process indicate that the mesalazine dissolution process is endothermic and entropy-driven. The generating data in the current work also expands the available solubility database for mesalazine in the solvent mixtures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Concise synthesis of JN403, a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 selective agonist was written by Jiang, Xinglong;Prasad, Kapa;Repic, Oljan. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2009.Recommanded Product: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

A three-step method for the synthesis of JN403 HCl salt (I) was developed, starting from alc. 3 and resulting in an overall yield of 50%. A key feature of the present study is the need to use a strong base such as n-butyllithium for neutralizing the HCl salt of II during its condensation with III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Recommanded Product: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biochemical characterization of apple slices dried using low temperature and stored in modified atmosphere packaging was written by Cozzolino, Rosaria;Palumbo, Michela;Cefola, Maria;Capotorto, Imperatrice;Linsalata, Vito;Forte, Giovanna;Petriccione, Milena;De Giulio, Beatrice;Pace, Bernardo. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Apple slices (Pinova cv) dried at mild temperature (40°C), compared to 65°C dried slices, are enriched (up to about 50%) in polyphenols (e.g., catechin, epicatechin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin derivatives). Chem. (dipping solutions) and phys. (packaging) treatments are key in controlling the enzymic browning of dried apple slices and maintain their nutritional content. In the present study we investigated the effects of dipping and packaging on the physicochem. properties of dried apple slices. Specifically, apple slices dried at 40°C were comparatively dipped in 1% calcium citrate (CC) or 1% citric acid (CA) and stored in active modified atm. (a-MA) or in passive (p-MA) for 100 days. A mild drying approach combined with dipping in CC and a-MA preservation, produced high quality dried apple slices, both in terms of sensory characteristics and color retention. Remarkably, upon this treatment, fruits exhibited an enhanced volatile profile that correlated with fresh and fruity apple notes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Interaction between iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NPs) and human neutrophils: Evidence that Fe₃O₄ NPs possess some pro-inflammatory activities was written by Saafane, Abdelaziz;Girard, Denis. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2022.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) are important for different medical applications. However, potential toxicity has been reported and several parameters must still be studied to reach highest therapeutic efficacy with minimal undesired effects. Inflammation is one of the most reported undesired effects of NP exposure in a variety of inflammatory models and conflicting data exist regarding whether Fe3O4 NPs possess pro- or anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to determine the direct effect of Fe₃O₄ NPs on the biol. of neutrophil, a key player cell in inflammation. Freshly isolated human neutrophils were incubated in vitro with Fe₃O₄ NPs, and several functions have been studied. Using transmission electronic microscopy, Fe₃O₄ NPs were found to be ingested by neutrophils. These NPs do not induce a respiratory burst by themselves, but they increase the ability of neutrophils to adhere onto human endothelial cells as well as enhance phagocytosis. An antibody array approach revealed that Fe₃O₄ NPs induce the production of some cytokines, including the chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8), which was confirmed by ELISA. Fe3O4NPs were found to delay spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis regardless of sex of the donor. Using a pharmacol. approach, we demonstrate that Fe₃O₄ NPs delay apoptosis by a de novo protein synthesis-dependent mechanism and via different cell signalling pathways. The data indicate thatFe₃O₄ NPs can alter the biol. of human neutrophils and that they possess some pro-inflammatory effects, particularly based on their capacity to delay apoptosis and to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, Fe₃O₄ NPs can regulate inflammation by targeting human neutrophil functions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts