Month: February 2023

5-Substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines with anti-proliferative activity as potent and selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases was written by Vymetalova, Ladislava;Havlicek, Libor;Sturc, Antonin;Skraskova, Zuzana;Jorda, Radek;Pospisil, Tomas;Strnad, Miroslav;Krystof, Vladimir. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Related Products of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

A series of 5-substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition activity. The most potent compounds contained various hydroxyalkylamines at the 5 position and possessed low nanomolar IC₅₀ values for CDK2 and CDK5. Preliminary profiling of one of the most active compounds on a panel of 50 protein kinases revealed its high selectivity for CDKs. The compounds arrested cells in S and G2/M phases, and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Significant dephosphorylation of the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), well-established substrates of CDKs, has been found in treated cells. Cleavage of PARP-1, down-regulation of Mcl-1 and activation of caspases correlated well with CDK inhibition and confirmed apoptosis as the primary type of cell death induced in cancer cells treated with the compounds in vitro. A comparison of known purine-based CDK inhibitor CR8 with its pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine bioisosteres confirmed that the novel compounds are more potent in cellular assays than purines. Therefore, pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine may emerge as a novel scaffold in medicinal chem. and as a source of potent CDK inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Related Products of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

An environmentally-friendly one-pot synthesis of 4-sulfonyl benzoic acids was written by Frieman, Bryan A.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2014.SDS of cas: 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

This Letter reported an environmentally-friendly one-pot S_NAr reaction of thiols to 4-halobenzoic acid Me esters to provide 4-substituted sulfone benzoic acids and picolinic acids after bleach-mediated oxidative workup. These acid intermediates were synthesized on gram scale, are perfect partners for library synthesis, and have good phys. chem. properties useful for drug discovery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2SDS of cas: 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts for alcoholic and phenolic protons in dimethyl sulfoxide. Utility as a structural parameter was written by Murakami, Yukito;Sunamoto, Junzo. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1973.Electric Literature of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

The temperature dependent OH resonances in the NMR spectra of pyridyl alcs. and phenols, determined in Me2SO, were explained by intermol. and intramol. H bonding. The correlation between δOH and pKHA of the corresponding phosphates proved the reliability of δOH as a structural parameter for a linear free energy relation study of phosphate hydrolysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Electric Literature of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Attenuation of isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction by Rheum turkestanicum was written by Hossini, Azar;Rajabian, Arezoo;Sobhanifar, Mohammad-Ali;Alavi, Mohaddeseh Sadat;Taghipour, Zahra;Hasanpour, Maede;Iranshahi, Mehrdad;Boroumand-Noughabi, Samaneh;Banach, Maciej;Sahebkar, Amirhossein. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2022.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. This study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum turkestanicum on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Wistar rats. In this study, we used liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry to determine the active compounds present in the extract Thirty rats were divided to 5 groups (6 rats in each group). The extract was administered orally at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight and then a s.c. injection of isoprenaline (85 mg/kg) was administered on the 8th and 9th days. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and creatinine kinase (CPK) were measured using standard com. kits. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and cardiac levels of thiol and lipid peroxidation were also determined Hematoxylin and eosin were used for histopathol. staining. Phytochem. anal. revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the hydro-ethanolic extract of R. turkestanicum. Isoprenaline increased malondialdehyde (4.002 ± 0178, P < 0.001) while decreased thiol content (101.7 ± 6.186, P < 0.001). Moreover, reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (139 ± 10.88, P < 0.001) and catalase (2.812 ± 0.215, P < 0.001), and elevated levels of LDH (1245 ± 62.28, P < 0.001), CPK (898 ± 23.06, P < 0.001) and CK-MB (697 ± 50.22, P < 0.001) were observed Pretreatment with the R. turkestanicum extract significantly reduced cardiac markers and increased thiol content as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The extract attenuated the histopathol. changes induced by isoprenaline. According to the obtained results, R. turkestanicum may be an appropriate candidate to reduce isoprenaline-induced MI through modulation of oxidative stress. Administration of the extract attenuated cardiac enzymes following isoprenaline administration. The cardioprotective action of the extract can be attributed to the bioactive antioxidant ingredients of R. turkestanicum. To identify the precise mechanisms, further investigations are required.ga1 In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study on the Effect of Mentha x piperita L. Essential Oil on Electroencephalography upon Stimulation with Different Visual Effects was written by Lin, Shifan;Wang, Yue;Wu, Kaiwen;Yu, Genfa;Liu, Chuanxiang;Su, Chang;Yi, Fengping. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Essential oils have long been used to fight infections and treat various diseases. Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) is an herbal medicine that has been widely used in daily life since ancient times, and it has a wide range of applications in food, cosmetics, and medicine. Mint oil is refreshing because of its cool and comfortable smell; therefore, it is often used in ethnopharmacol. studies. The present study investigated the effects of peppermint essential oil in electroencephalog. activity response to various visual stimuli. The electroencephalog. changes of participants during peppermint essential oil inhalation under white, red, and blue color stimulations were recorded. A rapid Fourier transform anal. was used to examine the electroencephalograph power spectra of the various microstates induced by inhaling the oils. Peppermint essential oil had various effects on the brain when subjected to different visual stimuli. Alpha waves increased in the prefrontal area in the white-sniffing group, which facilitated learning and thinking. In the blue-sniffing group, the changes were less pronounced than those in the red group, and the increased alpha wave activity in the occipital area was more controlled, indicating that the participants’ visual function increased in this state. Based on EEG investigations, this is the first study to indicate that vision influences the effects of peppermint essential oils. Hence, the results of this study support the use of essential oils in a broader context to serve as a resource for future studies on the effects of different types of essential oils. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nanocomplexes of Photolabile Polyelectrolyte and Upconversion Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Payload Release was written by Xiang, Jun;Ge, Feijie;Yu, Bing;Yan, Qiang;Shi, Feng;Zhao, Yue. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2018.Related Products of 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

A new approach to encapsulating charged cargo mols. into a nanovector and subsequently using near-IR (NIR) light to trigger the release is demonstrated. NIR light-responsive nanovector was prepared through electrostatic interaction-driven complexation between neg. charged silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP@silica, 87 nm hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index ∼0.05) and a pos. charged UV-labile polyelectrolyte bearing pendants of poly(ethylene glycol) and o-nitrobenzyl side groups; whereas charged fluorescein (FLU) was loaded through a co-complexation process. By controlling the amount of polyelectrolyte, UCNP@silica can be covered by the polymer, whereas remaining dispersed in aqueous solution Under 980 nm laser excitation, UV light emitted by UCNP is absorbed by photolytic side groups within polyelectrolyte, which results in cleavage of o-nitrobenzyl groups and formation of carboxylic acid groups. Such NIR light-induced partial reversal of pos. charge to neg. charge on the polyelectrolyte layer disrupts the equilibrium among UCNP@silica, polyelectrolyte, and FLU and, consequently, leads to release of FLU mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Related Products of 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of carbon fiber and gamma irradiation on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/high density polyethylene composites was written by Elnaggar, Mona Y.;Fathy, E. S.;Hassan, Medhat M.. And the article was included in Polymer Science, Series B: Polymer Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the effect of carbon fiber and gamma irradiation on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/high d. polyethylene matrix was investigated. The ternary composites with short carbon fiber of concentrations 15, 30, and 45 wt % were irradiated with doses of 100 and 300 kGy. In order to characterize the phys. and morphol. properties of all reinforced composites, wide X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermo gravimetric anal., and SEM were performed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mono- and Dinuclear Coinage Metal Complexes Supported by an Imino-Pyridine-NHC Ligand: Structural and Photophysical Studies was written by Simler, Thomas;Moebius, Karen;Mueller, Kerstin;Feuerstein, Thomas J.;Gamer, Michael T.;Lebedkin, Sergei;Kappes, Manfred M.;Roesky, Peter W.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2019.SDS of cas: 49669-14-9 This article mentions the following:

A new imino-pyridine-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) hybrid ligand was accessed through a multistep synthesis, and its coordination chem. was examined among coinage metals. Mononuclear copper, silver, and gold complexes as well as dinuclear homo- and heterometallic complexes were isolated and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as x-ray crystallog. A comparative study of the structural and photophys. properties of the complexes was performed to get more insight into structure-property relationships. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated in the solid state at temperatures between 20 and 295 K, and systematically compared with those of related complexes bearing a bipyridine-NHC ligand and previously reported by our group. The PL properties can be finely “tuned” depending on the coordinated metals, and the weak emission of the complexes can be traced back to the structural flexibility of the imino-pyridine-NHC framework. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9SDS of cas: 49669-14-9).

2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 49669-14-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation in a low fishmeal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, autophagy and intestinal health of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Li, Xiaoyue;Yao, Xinzhou;Zhang, Xinchen;Dong, Xiaohui;Chi, Shuyan;Tan, Beiping;Zhang, Shuang;Xie, Shiwei. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An 8-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on growth performance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed a low fishmeal diet. Four practical diets were formulated: HFM (25% fishmeal), LFM (15% fishmeal), LB1 (LFM + 0.04% CDCA), LB2 (LFM + 0.08% CDCA). Each diet was assigned to four tanks with forty shrimp (initial weight 0.33 ± 0.03 g) per tank. The results indicated that the growth performance of shrimp were similar between the four groups; the crude lipid content of shrimp fed the LB2 diet was significantly lower than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). The lipase activity content in hepatopancreatic were significantly higher in the two CDCA supplemented groups than that in LFM group; the contents of total cholesterol, low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol, high-d. lipoprotein cholesterol in hemolymph were significantly lower in LFM group, LB1 group and LB2 group than that in HFM group (P < 0.05). The shrimp fed LB1 diet was significantly decreased the intestinal expression levels of tube than those fed in HFM diet; the intestinal gene expression of imd and toll were significantly lower in LB2 group than those in HFM group (P < 0.05). The results of hepatopancreas gene expression suggest that shrimp fed the LFM diet showed significantly upregulated expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt-1) than those fed the HFM diet; shrimp fed the LB1 diet showed significantly upregulated expression levels of srebp, acc, and AMP-activated protein kinase (ampk) than those fed the HFM diet; shrimp fed the LB2 diet had higher expression levels of srebp, acc, and cpt-1 than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). In the hepatopancreas, the shrimp fed the LFM diet shown significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 compared to those fed HFM diet; the expression levels of autophagy-related protein13 (atg3), autophagy-related protein 12 (atg12) of in shrimp fed the LB1 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet; and the expression levels of autophagy-related protein13 (atg13), beclin1, atg3, atg12, autophagy-related protein 9 (atg9) of shrimp fed LB2 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). The atg3 in intestine of shrimp fed the LB2 diet were significantly higher than those fed the HFM diet (P < 0.05). Intestinal mucous fold were damaged, hepatic tubules were disorganized and B cells appeared to be swollen in LFM group. The fold height and width of shrimp fed the diets supplemented with CDCA increased significantly than those fed the LFM diet (P < 0.05), the hepatic tubules were neatly arranged, and R cells increased. In conclusion, supplementary CDCA in a low fishmeal diet promoted lipid metabolism, enhanced autophagy of shrimp, also improved the health of the intestine and hepatopancreas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of functionalized helical BN-benzo[c]phenanthrenes was written by Abengozar, Alberto;Garcia-Garcia, Patricia;Sucunza, David;Perez-Redondo, Adrian;Vaquero, Juan J.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Application In Synthesis of (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A novel parent BN-benzo[c]phenanthrene, with helical chirality and remarkable structural features, has been easily obtained in three steps with a global yield of 55%. Moreover, Cl-substituted derivatives have been prepared and these have served as useful starting materials for the development of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8Application In Synthesis of (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol).

(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts