Month: February 2023

Iron-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones was written by Zuo, Ziqing;Zhang, Lei;Leng, Xuebing;Huang, Zheng. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2015.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

A series of iron complexes of chiral iminopyridine-oxazoline (IPO) ligands were synthesized. The most sterically hindered iron catalyst exhibits excellent activity (up to 99% yield) and high enantioselectivity (up to 93% ee) in asym. hydrosilylation of aryl ketones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Unsymmetrical 1,1-diborated multisubstituted sp³-carbons formed via a metal-free concerted-asynchronous mechanism was written by Cuenca, Ana B.;Cid, Jessica;Garcia-Lopez, Diego;Carbo, Jorge J.;Fernandez, Elena. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

Authors have exptl. proved the unsym. 1,1-diboration of diazo compounds, formed in situ from aldehydes and cyclic and non-cyclic ketones, in the absence of any transition metal complex. The heterolytic cleavage of the mixed diboron reagent, Bpin-Bdan, and the formation of two geminal C-Bpin and C-Bdan bonds has been rationalized based on DFT calculations to occur via a concerted-asynchronous mechanism. Diastereoselection is attained on substituted cyclohexanones and DFT studies provide understanding on the origin of the selectivity. The alkoxide-assisted selective deborylation of Bpin from multisubstituted sp³-carbon and generation of a Bdan stabilized carbanion, easily conducts a selective protodeboronation sequence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The formulation and physicochemical properties of betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvent was written by Mohd Fuad, Faiznur;Mohd Nadzir, Masrina. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Eleven different types of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) were synthesized using betaine (Bet) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with glycerol (Gly), 1,2-propanediol (1,2P), lactic acid (LA), levulinic acid (Lev), anhydrous citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), tartaric acid (TA), xylitol (Xyl), sorbitol (Sor), glucose (Glu), and sucrose (Suc) as the hydrogen bond donors (HBD). They were synthesized at different molar ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) to determine their appropriate formulation. Formulations that gave a clear, homogenous liquid were identified as Bet-Gly (1:2), Bet-1,2P (1:4), Bet-LA (1:2), Bet-Lev (1:2), Bet-CA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-MA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-TA (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Xyl (1:2, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Sor (1:2, 20% weight/weight water), Bet-Glu (1:1, 20% weight/weight water), and Bet-Suc (1:1, 20% weight/weight water). The successfully synthesized NADESs remained as stable liquids for more than 30 days. Based on the anal. using Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was confirmed that a hydrogen bonding interaction was established between the HBA and the HBD in the NADES system. In addition, the thermal stabilities of these NADESs were evaluated through a thermogravimetry anal. (TGA). The onset decomposition temperatures of the NADESs were in the range of 106.92°C-233.66°C. Furthermore, the NADESs were evaluated for their physicochem. properties, including viscosity, d., polarity, surface tension, elec. conductivity, and pH. The NADESs were often diluted with water to reduce viscosity during their application. Therefore, the influence of the addition of water on the physicochem. properties of NADESs was evaluated. This knowledge provides an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and behavior of the NADESs during any process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fragmentation of Fiber-like Micelles with a π-Conjugated Crystalline Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) Core and a Photocleavable Corona in Water: A Matter of Density of Corona-Forming Chains was written by Ma, Chen;Tao, Daliao;Cui, Yinan;Huang, Xiaoyu;Lu, Guolin;Feng, Chun. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

Although fiber-like micelles with a crystalline core prepared by living crystallization-driven self-assembly show promising applications in biomedicine, undesirable fragmentation of fiber-like micelles in water usually occurs, which is a frustrating hindrance toward the exploration of their applications. To deepen our understanding on the fragmentation of fiber-like micelles with a crystalline core, we herein developed a strategy to prepare uniform fiber-like micelles with tunable densities of corona-forming chains and systematically examined the influence of the d. of corona-forming chains on the resistance toward micellar fragmentation in water. A block copolymer consisting of a crystalline oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV₅) segment, a hydrophilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM₄₀) block, and a photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB) junction (OPV₅-ONB-b-PNIPAM₄₀, the subscripts represent the (mean) number of repeat unit of each block) was first synthesized. Subsequently, uniform fiber-like micelles with an L_n of 396 nm composed of an OPV core and PNIPAM corona chains were prepared by the self-seeding approach. By taking advantage of photocleavable ONB junctions and varying UV irradiation time, uniform fiber-like micelles with different densities of PNIPAM chains tethered on the surface of micelles were obtained in ethanol. By employing these fiber-like micelles as a model, the influence of d. of PNIPAM chains on the resistance toward fragmentation of micelles in water was investigated. The results showed that pristine micelles without removal of corona chains significantly fragmented with the decrease of length from about 396 to 134 nm in water, whereas micellar fragmentation could be effectively retarded by decreasing the grafting d. of the PNIPAM corona-forming block. For the micelles with the removal of about 73% of PNIPAM chains, almost no micellar fragmentation was observed after aging in water for 15 days. By taking advantage of the structural similarities existing between bottom-brush polymers and fiber-like micelles with a crystalline core, we proposed that as the d. of PNIPAM chains decreased, more space would be provided for remaining PNIPAM chains to adjust their conformation. Consequently, the tension on the OPV core induced by the stress of corona layers of PNIPAM chains decreased. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Electric Literature of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Occupational methacrylate and acrylate allergy from glues was written by Aalto-Korte, Kristiina;Alanko, Kristiina;Kuuliala, Outi;Jolanki, Riitta. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2008.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Background: Glues and sealants are important causes of methacrylate and acrylate allergy. Aim: This study aimed to analyze patterns of allergic patch test reactions to acrylic monomers in relation to exposure in patients sensitized from glues. Patients/Methods: We screened the patch test files at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health from 1994 to 2006 for allergic reactions in the “Methacrylate series” and analyzed the clin. records of sensitized patients. Only patients who had handled acrylic glues at work here included. Results: 10 patients had allergic reactions to acrylic monomers and had been sensitized from glues at work. Nine of them had used anaerobic sealants, 3 cyanoacrylate-based instant adhesives, and 1 patient a bi-component instant adhesive. All the patients reached to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA); reactions to 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate were also common. The first 4 methacrylates were found in the glues used by the patients. Et cyanoacrylate (ECA) gave no reactions, but 1 patient reacted weakly to her own ECA-based glue. Conclusion: 2-HEMA and EGDMA are good screeners for contact allergy to anaerobic sealants and also detected a single case deriving from bi-component acrylic glue. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A new synthetic route to chiral 3-aryl-5-ethyl-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorines was written by Metlushka, Kirill E.;Sadkova, Dilyara N.;Nikitina, Kristina A.;Yamaleeva, Zilya R.;Ivshin, Kamil A.;Kataeva, Olga N.;Alfonsov, Vladimir A.. And the article was included in Mendeleev Communications in 2018.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Diastereoselective synthesis of racemic and enantiopure 3-aryl-5-ethyl-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorines, including those bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups in the exocyclic aromatic fragment, was implemented by the reaction of imines derived from (±)-and (R)-(-)-2-aminobutan-1-ol and (hydroxy)benzaldehydes with tri-Et phosphite and trifluoroacetic acid, followed by the one-pot dealkylation of the intermediate esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective estrogen receptor modulators and the combination therapy conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene: A review of effects on the breast. was written by Pickar, James H;Komm, Barry S. And the article was included in Post reproductive health in 2015.Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Traditional menopausal hormone therapy containing estrogens/progestin has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and estrogen exposure is known to promote growth and proliferation of a majority of breast cancers. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to consider the breast safety profile of any hormone-based therapy used in postmenopausal women. This review provides an overview of the breast safety and tolerability profiles of currently marketed selective estrogen receptor modulators, antiestrogens, and the first tissue selective estrogen complex combining conjugated estrogens with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and antiestrogens act as estrogen receptor antagonists in the breast. Tamoxifen, toremifene, and the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant are used to treat breast cancer, and tamoxifen and raloxifene protect against breast cancer in high-risk women. Postmenopausal women using selective estrogen receptor modulators for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis (raloxifene, bazedoxifene) can be reassured that these hormonal treatments do not adversely affect their risk of breast cancer and may, in the case of raloxifene, even be protective. There are limited data on breast cancer in women who use ospemifene for dyspareunia. Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene use for up to two years did not increase mammographic breast density or breast pain/tenderness, and there was no evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer, suggesting that conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene has an improved breast safety profile compared with traditional menopausal hormone therapies. Future research will continue to focus on development of selective estrogen receptor modulators and selective estrogen receptor modulator combinations capable of achieving the ideal balance of estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Wheat Straw Biomass was written by Brienza, Filippo;Van Aelst, Korneel;Devred, Francois;Magnin, Delphine;Sels, Bert F.;Gerin, Patrick A.;Cybulska, Iwona;Debecker, Damien P.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising method for the development of “lignin-first” biorefineries. Apart from the widely investigated virgin woody biomass, it is essential to explore the potential of waste biomass feedstocks. Herein, the RCF of wheat straw is examined to produce lignin mono-/oligomers along with a processable carbohydrate pulp. The use of different catalysts (Ru/C and Ru/Al₂O₃) and catalyst loadings (0-20% weight/weight_biomass) revealed the superior performance of Ru/C, which resulted in the largest yield of phenolic monomers (up to ~25 wt % of initial acid-insoluble lignin) and in the lowest formation of high-mol.-weight fragments in the extracted lignin oil. Furthermore, the operating temperature was shown to substantially affect both lignin extraction-depolymerization and polysaccharides preservation-processability. For a reaction time of 3 h, an increase of the temperature from 200 to 250°C resulted in a >2-fold boost of the yields of lignin oil and monophenolics, while the recovery of polysaccharides decreased by about 30 weight % (with ~20% lower enzymic digestibility). An economic assessment highlighted that the high-temperature treatment becomes the most profitable configuration as the market price of lignin products increases. Overall, this work provides insight into the adoption of the RCF for the upgrading of lignocellulose from inexpensive and widely available wheat straw biomass. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Readily Accessible and Highly Efficient Ferrocene-Based Amino-Phosphine-Alcohol (f-Amphol) Ligands for Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones was written by Yu, Jianfei;Duan, Meng;Wu, Weilong;Qi, Xiaotian;Xue, Peng;Lan, Yu;Dong, Xiu-Qin;Zhang, Xumu. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

We have successfully developed a series of novel and modular ferrocene-based amino-phosphine-alc. (f-Amphol) ligands and applied them to iridium-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of various simple ketones to afford the corresponding chiral alcs. with excellent enantioselectivities and conversions (98-99.9 % ee, >99 % conversion, turnover number up to 200,000). Control experiments and d. functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that the hydroxyl group of our f-Amphol ligands played a key role in this asym. hydrogenation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

TiO₂ supported-reduced graphene oxide co-doped with gallium and sulfur as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective photochemical oxidation of alcohols; DFT and mechanism insights was written by Khavar, Amir Hossein Cheshme;Khazaee, Zeynab;Mahjoub, Ali Reza;Nejat, Razieh. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Achieving organic transformation reactions using green synthesis methods under mild conditions is always an aspiration of scientists. In this study, Ga, S co-doped TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (GaxSy@TRG) nanocomposite was synthesized by an innovative surfactant-free ultrasonic-assisted solvothermal method and used to catalyze the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alc. under visible light irradiation The prepared photocatalyst was analyzed via XRD, FT-IR, Raman, N₂ adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP-MS, UV-Vis absorption, and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The characterization outcomes indicated the prepared co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with anatase crystal structure possessed a mesoporous texture and were uniformly distributed on the RGO surface. The conversion of GO to RGO was confirmed through FT-IR and Raman spectra. The prepared nanocomposites were examined for their ability in artificial photocatalysis and displayed remarkable catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of alcs. into benzaldehyde. The co-doped catalysts showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic ability, due to improved photogenerated electrons transfer, enhanced charge carriers separation and extended optical absorption to the visible light range. Moreover, the synergistic effect of dopants that could act as electron trapping centers and RGO as a powerful acceptor material efficiently reduced photogenerated electron-hole recombination and promoted charge migration. A high conversion rate of 85% was obtained over the Ga_5.0S_10.0@TRG photocatalyst after 110 min under visible light irradiation The results from d. functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the hybridization of Ga 4s and S 3p orbitals with valance band can remarkably affect the decreasing of band gap energy. The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alc. under visible light irradiation was proposed using the combination of exptl. and computational methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Product Details of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts