Month: February 2023

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on skeletal muscle and metabolic profile in aging mice was written by Tsukamoto-Sen, Sakuka;Kawakami, Shinpei;Maruki-Uchida, Hiroko;Ito, Ryouichi;Matsui, Naoko;Komiya, Yuki;Mita, Yoshitaka;Morisasa, Mizuki;Goto-Inoue, Naoko;Furuichi, Yasuro;Manabe, Yasuko;Morita, Minoru;Fujii, Nobuharu L.. And the article was included in Food & Function in 2021.Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Aging induces drastic changes in muscle mass and function (sarcopenia); however, the detailed mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that age-related increases in oxidative stress induce muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6-mo supplementation of antioxidants, specifically piceatannol (PIC) and enzymically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), on age-related physiol. changes, including skeletal muscle weight and quality, in 25-mo-old (OLD) mice, compared to in 4-mo-old (young, YNG) C57BL/6J mice. Muscle weight corrected by body weight significantly declined in OLD mice, compared to in YNG mice. The control OLD mice also showed changes in the expression of genes related to muscle fiber type, reduced locomotor activity, and increased oxidative stress markers in blood. Consistent with the muscle weight and quality changes, whole-body fat oxidation during sedentary conditions and exercise periods in control OLD mice was significantly lower than that in YNG mice. Interestingly, compared to the control OLD mice, the PIC- or EMIQ-fed OLD mice showed higher fat oxidation Furthermore, EMIQ, but not PIC, increased locomotor activity, the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and suppressed the carbonylated protein in the skeletal muscle of OLD mice. These results suggested that chronic antioxidant intake could alleviate aging-related muscle function changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New steroidal anti-inflammatory antedrugs: 21-thioalkylether derivatives of methyl 16-prednisolone carboxylates was written by Khan, M. Omar F.;Park, Kwan K.;Glynn, Sharye N.;Lee, Henry J.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry in 2007.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Antedrug approach of the corticosteroids has been described as a fundamentally sound approach for the development of safer anti-inflammatory steroids devoid of systemic side effects. In our continued efforts under the antedrug paradigm, we have recently extended this effort to synthesize the 21-thioalkyl ether derivatives of Me 16-prednisolonecarboxylates. The 21-mesylate of the methyl-16-prednisolonecarboxylates and 9-fluoro-17-dehydro Me 16-prednisolonecarboxylate were reacted with Na-thioalkoxides to furnish the desired thioalkyl ethers in 60-75% yields. These newly synthesized thioalkyl ether steroid series were tested for their in vitro metabolism and corticosteroid receptor binding affinity. They were metabolized in predictable manner to inactive 16-carboxylic acids. All the newly synthesized antedrugs showed lowered glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity than prednisolone indicating that the replacement of the 21-OH function with thioalkyl ether of the 16-prednisolone carboxylate esters decreases their receptor binding affinity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enhanced antimicrobial, antibiofilm and ecotoxic activities of nanoencapsulated carvacrol and thymol as compared to their free counterparts was written by Yammine, Jina;Gharsallaoui, Adem;Fadel, Alexandre;Mechmechani, Samah;Karam, Layal;Ismail, Ali;Chihib, Nour-Eddine. And the article was included in Food Control in 2023.Application of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Essential oils active components emerged as captivating antimicrobials to control biofilms developed on food contact surfaces. Free and nanoencapsulated carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY) were assessed as antimicrobials against Salmonella Enteritidis biofilms adhered to stainless steel. The developed spherical nanocapsules using the spray-drying technique showed an average size ranged between 159.25 and 234.76 nm and zeta potential values ranged between 23.60 and 24.66 mV. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of free THY and CAR were both 1.25 mg L^-1. Nanoencapsulation reduced MIC values to 0.62 mg L^-1 (THY) and 0.31 mg L^-1 (CAR). Furthermore, the exposure to free and nanoencapsulated CAR and THY induced a destabilization of bacterial membranes with obvisous morphol. deformations and a pronounced leakage of potassium ions and green fluorescent proteins. Eradication of S.Enteritidis biofilms developed on stainless steel was achieved following a 15 min treatment with nanoencapsulated CAR and THY at 2 MIC. Free antimicrobial exposures induced up to 4.27 log CFU cm^-2 reductions Addnl., the ecotoxicity tests against Daphnia magna crustaceans reported a non-toxicity of both free and nanoencapsulated CAR and THY after 48 h exposure. Thereby, both CAR and THY antimicrobials proved to be promising natural surface disinfectants that require further exploration and incorporation in food industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Essential oils and their binary combinations have synergistic and antagonistic insecticidal properties against Anopheles gambiae s. l. (Diptera: Culicidae) was written by Wangrawa, Dimitri W.;Ochomo, Eric;Upshur, Forde;Zanre, Nicolas;Borovsky, Dov;Lahondere, Chloe;Vinauger, Clement;Badolo, Athanase;Sanon, Antoine. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Botanical biopesticides have potential for use in mosquito control because they exhibit low mammalian toxicity, are readily biodegraded, show target specificity and insecticidal activity. As populations of mosquito species grow more resistant to currently used organic insecticides, a need for new and effective insecticides for vector control becomes more urgent. This study reports the effects of synergistic and antagonistic essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Lantana camara, Lippia chevalieri and Lippia multiflora and their binary combinations against Anopheles gambiae s. l. larvae and adults. EOs insecticidal properties were tested with third to fourth-instar larvae and, non-blood-fed 3-5-day old field-collected An. gambiae using WHO and CDC bottle bioassays, resp. Many compounds were found in the EOs mixtures All EOs showed larvicidal and adulticidal activities with mortality from 0 to 100% against An. gambiae which were concentration dependent and EOs specific. EO mixture from C. schoenanthus and L. multiflora showed synergistic effect with LC50 of 38 ppm and EOs from L. chevalieri and C. schoenanthus showed antagonistic effect against larvae with LC50 of 100.84 ppm. On the other hand, EOs combinations showed additive effect on all adults. This study describes the potential of using EOs and their synergistic mixtures as potential insecticide(s) as a safer alternative to synthetic insecticides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iterative Synthesis of 2-Deoxyoligosaccharides Enabled by Stereoselective Visible-Light-Promoted Glycosylation was written by Liu, Kai-Meng;Wang, Peng-Yu;Guo, Zhen-Yan;Xiong, De-Cai;Qin, Xian-Jin;Liu, Miao;Liu, Meng;Xue, Wan-Ying;Ye, Xin-Shan. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Computed Properties of C10H20O This article mentions the following:

The photoinitiated intramol. hydroetherification of alkenols has been used to form C-O bonds, but the intermol. hydroetherification of alkenes with alcs. remains an unsolved challenge. We herein report the visible-light-promoted 2-deoxyglycosylation of alcs. with glycals. The glycosylation reaction was completed within 2 min in a high quantum yield (ϕ=28.6). This method was suitable for a wide array of substrates and displayed good reaction yields and excellent stereoselectivity. The value of this protocol was further demonstrated by the iterative synthesis of 2-deoxyglycans with α-2-deoxyglycosidic linkages up to a 20-mer in length and digoxin with β-2-deoxyglycosidic linkages. Mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction involved a glycosyl radical cation intermediate and a photoinitiated chain process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Computed Properties of C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A study of the aromatic constituents of Yunnan black tea by different extraction methods was written by Zhou, Bin;Ren, Hong-tao;Qin, Tai-feng;Xia, Kai-guo. And the article was included in Xiandai Shipin Keji in 2011.Recommanded Product: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

Yunnan black tea has a characteristic of heavy fragrant aroma. Little work has been done on the aromatic constituents of Yunnan black tea. Using three methods (simultaneous distillation extraction, acetone extraction and petroleum ether extraction), aromatic constituents of the Yunnan black tea were extracted and then analyzed by GC-MS. The result showed that different constituents are extracted by different methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Recommanded Product: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of a Switch Between Prelog and Anti-Prelog Reduction toward Halogen-Substituted Acetophenones in Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductases was written by Qin, Fengyu;Qin, Bin;Zhang, Wenhe;Liu, Yalin;Su, Xin;Zhu, Tianhui;Ouyang, Jingping;Guo, Jiyang;Li, Yuxin;Zhang, Feiting;Tang, Jun;Jia, Xian;You, Song. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2018.Reference of 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

The application of ketoreductases based biocatalytic reduction to access optically pure Prelog or anti-Prelog alcs. offers a valuable approach for asym. synthesis. Despite this, control the stereopreferences of ketoreductases as desired remains challenging since natural ketoreductases usually display Prelog preference and it is difficult to transfer the knowledge from engineered anti-Prelog ketoreductases to the others. Here, we present the discovery of a switch between Prelog and anti-Prelog reduction toward halogen-substituted acetophenones in six short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs). Through carefully analyzing the structural information and multiple-sequence alignment of several reported SDRs with Prelog or anti-Prelog stereopreference, the key residues that might control their stereopreferences were identified using Lactobacillus fermentum short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1 (LfSDR1) as the starting enzyme. Protein engineering at these positions of LfSDR1 could improve its anti-Prelog stereoselectivity or switch its stereopreference to Prelog. Moreover, the knowledge obtained from LfSDR1 could be further transferred to other five SDRs (four mined SDRs and one reported SDR) that have 21-48% sequence identities with LfSDR1. The stereopreferences of these SDRs were able to be switched either from anti-Prelog to Prelog or from Prelog to anti-Prelog by mutagenesis at related positions. In addition, further optimization of LfSDR1 can access stereo-complementary reduction of several halogen-substituted acetophenones with high stereoselectivity (up to >99%), resulting in some valuable chiral alcs. for synthesis of pharmaceutical agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Reference of 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N-Phosphorylated derivatives of 5-nitroindazole as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and docking study against DNA gyrase A was written by Thaslim Basha, S. K.;Subba Rao, Devineni;Madhava, Golla;Basha, Shaik Thahir;Devamma, Mundla Nagalakshmi;Saddala, Madhu Sudhana;Asupatri, Usha Rani;Raju, Chamarthi Naga. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2015.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A series of new phosphoramidates I [R = (CH₂)₄N, O(CH₂CH₂)₂N, (CH₂)₅N, etc.] were synthesized by reacting 5-nitroindazole with 4-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate, and then further with various bio-potent aromatic/hetero/alkyl amines. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data (IR, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and mass) and elemental anal. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant activity (DPPH, H₂O₂ methods and IC₅₀ values) and antimicrobial activity against the growth of Gram bacterial (pos. and neg.) and fungal pathogens. In the entire bio-screening data, the authors observed that is the most active compound in terms of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Further to know the binding interactions of title products with DNA gyrase A enzyme (E. coli), mol. docking studies were performed which revealed and exhibited high binding affinities towards the enzyme, DNA gyrase A, and are higher than that of the standard antibiotic, streptomycin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of a comprehensive quality control method for the quantitative analysis of volatiles and lignans in Magnolia biondii Pamp. by near infrared spectroscopy was written by Li, Junni;Wen, Jinfeng;Tang, Gengqiu;Li, Rong;Guo, Huanjia;Weng, Wenfeng;Wang, Dong;Ji, Shengguo. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy in 2020.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

The quality of drug is vital to its curative effect, thus it is important to develop a comprehensive quality control method for commonly used drugs. In this study, we developed a Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry separation method for the qual. and quant. anal. of volatiles, together with a High-performance liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry separation method for lignans in Magnolia biondii Pamp.. 79 volatiles and 11 lignans were identified via comparing their chromatog. behavior and mass spectra data with those in the literature. The methods were then used to determine the contents of volatiles (1, 8-cineole, D-Limonene, α-terpineol, linalool, L-camphor and bornyl acetate) and lignans (epieudesmin, magnolin, epi-magnolin A and fargesin) in Magnolia biondii Pamp. Subsequently, 13 qual. models including volatiles (1, 8-cineole, D-Limonene, α-terpineol, linalool, L-camphor and bornyl acetate), water-soluble extractive, lignans (pinoresinol di-Me ether, magnolin, epi-magnolin A and fargesin) and moisture were developed by Near-IR Spectroscopy based on partial least square regression herein. The reference values were obtained by High-performance liquid chromatog., Gas chromatog. and etc., while the predicted values were attained from the NIR spectrum. Compared with the traditional detection methods, NIR technique methodol. significantly improved the ability to evaluate the quality of Magnolia biondii Pamp., which had the advantages of convenience, celerity, highly efficiency, low cost, no harm to samples, no reagent consumption, and no pollution to the environment. Moreover, the systematic anal. method combined pharmaceutical anal. with pharmacochem. was proposed to prepare volatiles, water-soluble extractive and lignans parts from the same sample. This way could extract more index components to be beneficial in the quality control of Magnolia biondii Pamp. roundly. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Determination of codeine in terpin hydrate and codeine elixir was written by Blake, Martin I.;Carlstedt, Bruce. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1966.Computed Properties of C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

Ion-exchange chromatography and nonaqueous titrimetry and applied to the analysis of codeine in terpin hydrate and codeine elixir. The method is simple and accurate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Computed Properties of C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts