Month: February 2023

Comprehensive chocolate aroma characterization in beverages containing jackfruit seed flours and cocoa powder was written by Spada, Fernanda Papa;de Alencar, Severino Matias;Purgatto, Eduardo. And the article was included in Future Foods in 2022.Reference of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) occurs abundantly in Brazil, but its seeds are often underutilized in food nutrition. Previously, we showed that roasted jackfruit seeds are an innovative source of chocolate aroma. In this study, we characterized the volatile content of exptl. beverages containing jackfruit seed flours as compared to non-alk. cocoa powder. The three key results of this study were that (i) the fermented jackfruit seed flour beverage (FJSBev) was similar to the non-alk. cocoa powder beverage (CTRLBev); (ii) similar volatile groups (acids, alcs., aldehydes, ester, furans, and pyrazines) were identified in the samples (FJSBev and CTRLBev); (iii) the beverages contained volatile compounds with a low threshold of cocoa attributes (butter, cocoa, coffee, floral, fruit, green, honey, mushroom, nut, and roasted). To conclude, the beverage formulation containing fermented jackfruit seeds had more volatile compounds and odor-active constituents than that with non-alk. cocoa powder. Collectively, our data demonstrate that fermentation is critical to producing a chocolate aroma. Fermented jackfruit seed flours could be used as a partial or total additive to improve chocolate aroma in food formulations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Reference of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of cobalt single atom catalyst by a solid-state transformation strategy for direct C-C cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols was written by Li, Zhijun;Chen, Yuying;Lu, Xiaowen;Li, Honghong;Leng, Leipeng;Zhang, Tinglei;Horton, J. Hugh. And the article was included in Nano Research in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Atomic engineering of single atom catalysts (SACs) with high-d. available active sites and optimized electronic properties can substantially boost catalytic efficacy. Herein, we report a solid-state transformation strategy to access Co SACs by introducing Co species from com. Co₂O₃ powders into nitrogen-doped carbon support. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2,307 h^-1 and yield of 95%, in the direct C-C cross-coupling of benzyl alc. and 1-phenylethanol (1 atm O₂@80 °C) to yield chalcone. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the coordination environment and electronic metal-support interaction impact the catalytic pathway. In particular, a wide substrate scope and a broad functional-group tolerance of this SAC were validated, and the employment of this strategy for large-scale synthesis was also shown to be feasible. This work might shed light on the facile and scalable synthesis of highly active, selective, and stable SACs for heterogeneous catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

De-Novo Design of Cereblon (CRBN) Effectors Guided by Natural Hydrolysis Products of Thalidomide Derivatives was written by Heim, Christopher;Pliatsika, Dimanthi;Mousavizadeh, Farnoush;Baer, Kerstin;Hernandez Alvarez, Birte;Giannis, Athanassios;Hartmann, Marcus D.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.Quality Control of tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

Targeted protein degradation via cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is an increasingly important strategy in various clin. settings, in which the substrate specificity of CRBN is altered via the binding of small-mol. effectors. To date, such effectors are derived from thalidomide and confer a broad substrate spectrum that is far from being fully characterized. Here, we employed a rational and modular approach to design novel and minimalistic CRBN effectors. In this approach, we took advantage of the binding modes of hydrolyzed metabolites of several thalidomide-derived effectors, which we elucidated via crystallog. These yielded key insights for the optimization of the minimal core binding moiety and its linkage to a chem. moiety that imparts substrate specificity. Based on this scaffold, we present a first active de-novo CRBN effector that is able to degrade the neo-substrate IKZF3 in the cell culture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9Quality Control of tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Homochiral Microporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework for Highly Enantioselective Separation of Secondary Alcohols was written by Li, Peng;He, Yabing;Guang, Jie;Weng, Linghong;Zhao, John Cong-Gui;Xiang, Shengchang;Chen, Banglin. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2014.Application of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

A homochiral microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-2) based on a BINOL derivative was synthesized and structurally characterized to be a uninodal 6-connected {3³5⁵6⁶7} network. This new HOF exhibits not only a permanent porosity with the BET of 237.6 m² g^-1 but also, more importantly, a highly enantioselective separation of chiral secondary alcs. with ee value up to 92% for 1-phenylethanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Application of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ionic Conductivity of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels was written by Lee, Chen-Jung;Wu, Haiyan;Hu, Yang;Young, Megan;Wang, Huifeng;Lynch, Dylan;Xu, Fujian;Cong, Hongbo;Cheng, Gang. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2018.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Polyelectrolytes have many important functions in both living organisms and man-made applications. One key property of polyelectrolytes is the ionic conductivity due to their porous networks that allow the transport of water and small mol. solutes. Among polyelectrolytes, zwitterionic polymers have attracted huge attention for applications that involve ion transport in a polyelectrolyte matrix; however, it is still unclear how the functional groups of zwitterionic polymer side chains affect their ion transport and swelling properties. In this study, zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide), poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) hydrogels were synthesized and their ionic conductivity was studied and compared to cationic, anionic, and nonionic hydrogels. The change of the ionic conductivity of zwitterionic and nonionic hydrogels in different saline solutions was studied in detail. Zwitterionic hydrogels showed much higher ionic conductivity than that of the widely used nonionic poly(ethylene glycol) Me ether methacrylate hydrogel in all tested solutions For both cationic and anionic hydrogels, the presence of mobile counterions led to high ionic conductivity in low salt solutions; however, the ionic conductivity of zwitterionic hydrogels surpassed that of cationic and ionic hydrogels in high salt solutions Cationic and anionic hydrogels showed much higher water content than that of zwitterionic hydrogels in deionized water; however, the cationic hydrogels shrank significantly with increasing saline concentration This work provides insight into the effects of polyelectrolyte side chains on ion transport. This can guide us in choosing better polyelectrolytes for a broad spectrum of applications, including bioelectronics, neural implants, battery, and so on. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Self-healing, stretchable, and highly adhesive hydrogels for epidermal patch electrodes was written by Zhou, Xin;Rajeev, Ashna;Subramanian, Arunprabaharan;Li, Yang;Rossetti, Nicolo;Natale, Giovanniantonio;Lodygensky, Gregory A.;Cicoira, Fabio. And the article was included in Acta Biomaterialia in 2022.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Flexible, self-healing and adhesive conductive materials with Young′s modulus matching biol. tissues are highly desired for applications in bioelectronics. Here, we report self-healing, stretchable, highly adhesive and conductive hydrogels obtained by mixing polyvinyl alc., sodium tetraborate and a screen printing paste containing the conducting polymer Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and diol additives. The as prepared hydrogels exhibited modeling ability, high adhesion on pig skin (1.96 N/cm²), high plastic stretchability (>10000%), a moderate conductivity, a low compressive modulus (0.3-3.7 KPa), a good strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 3.88 at 500% strain), and remarkable self-healing properties. Epidermal patch electrodes prepared using one of our hydrogels demonstrated high-quality recording of electrocardiog. (ECG) and electromyog. (EMG) signal. Because of their straightforward fabrication, outstanding mech. properties and possibility to combine the electrode components in a single material, hydrogels based on PVA, borax and PEDOT:PSS are highly promising for applications in bioelectronics and wearable electronics. Soft materials with elec. conductivity are investigated for healthcare applications, such as electrodes to measure vital signs that can easily adapt to the shape and the movements of human skin. Conductive hydrogels (i.e. gels containing water) are ideal materials for this purpose due softness and flexibility. In this this work, we report hydrogels obtained mixing an elec. conductive polymer, a water-soluble biocompatible polymer and a salt. These materials show high adhesion on skin, elec. conductivity and ability to self-repair after a mech. damage. These hydrogels were successfully used to fabricate electrode to measure cardiac and muscular elec. signals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic study of the copper-based magnetic nanocatalyst on the aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water was written by Dehkordi, S. Saeid Saei;Albadi, Jalal;Jafari, Abbas Ali;Samimi, Heshmat Allah. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2021.Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A copper-based magnetic nanocatalyst has been prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by FESEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, XRF, ICP-OES, FTIR, and BET anal. This new nanocatalyst displays a good activity toward the aerobic oxidation of a wide range of alcs. in water. Moreover, it is recyclable up to five following runs by simple filtration without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic and highly stereoselective β-mannopyranosylation using a 2,6-lactone-bridged mannopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoate as donor was written by Feng, Yingle;Yang, Jie;Cai, Chenglin;Sun, Taotao;Zhang, Qi;Chai, Yonghai. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2022.Product Details of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and catalytic protocol for highly stereoselective construction of β-mannopyranosylation has been developed. Glycosylation of 2,6-lactone-bridged mannopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoate with various acceptors proceeded smoothly in the presence of 5% Hg(II) at room temperature, resulting in the corresponding β-mannosides in high yield and exclusive β-stereoselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Product Details of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds suppressing SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance was written by Bayati, Mohamed;Hsieh, Hsin-Yeh;Hsu, Shu-Yu;Li, Chenhui;Rogers, Elizabeth;Belenchia, Anthony;Zemmer, Sally A.;Blanc, Todd;LePage, Cindy;Klutts, Jessica;Reynolds, Melissa;Semkiw, Elizabeth;Johnson, Hwei-Yiing;Foley, Trevor;Wieberg, Chris G.;Wenzel, Jeff;Lyddon, Terri;LePique, Mary;Rushford, Clayton;Salcedo, Braxton;Young, Kara;Graham, Madalyn;Suarez, Reinier;Ford, Anarose;Lei, Zhentian;Sumner, Lloyd;Mooney, Brian P.;Wei, Xing;Greenlief, C. Michael;Johnson, Marc C.;Lin, Chung-Ho. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Recent SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiol. (WBE) surveillance have documented a pos. correlation between the number of COVID-19 patients in a sewershed and the level of viral genetic material in the wastewater. Efforts have been made to use the wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load to predict the infected population within each sewershed using a multivariable regression approach. However, reported clear and sustained variability in SARS-CoV-2 viral load among treatment facilities receiving industrial wastewater have made clin. prediction challenging. Several classes of mols. released by regional industries and manufacturing facilities, particularly the food processing industry, can significantly suppress the SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater by breaking down the lipid-bilayer of the membranes. Therefore, a systematic ranking process in conjugation with metabolomic anal. was developed to identify the wastewater treatment facilities exhibiting SARS-CoV-2 suppression and identify and quantify the chems. suppressing the SARS-COV-2 signals. By ranking the viral load per diagnosed case among the sewersheds, we successfully identified the wastewater treatment facilities in Missouri, USA that exhibit SARS-CoV-2 suppression (significantly lower than 5 x 10¹¹ gene copies/reported case) and determined their suppression rates. Through both untargeted global chem. profiling and targeted anal. of wastewater samples, 40 compounds were identified as candidates of SARS-CoV-2 signal suppressors. Among these compounds, 14 had higher concentrations in wastewater treatment facilities that exhibited SARS-CoV-2 signal suppression compared to the unsuppressed control facilities. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that 4-nonylphenol, palmitelaidic acid, sodium oleate, and polyethylene glycol dioleate are pos. correlated with SARS-CoV-2 signal suppression rates. Suppression activities were further confirmed by incubation studies, and the suppression kinetics for each bioactive compound were determined According to the results of these experiments, bioactive mols. in wastewater can significantly reduce the stability of SARS-CoV-2 genetic marker signals. Based on the concentrations of these chem. suppressors, a correction factor could be developed to achieve more reliable and unbiased surveillance results for wastewater treatment facilities that receive wastewater from similar industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photoreactivity of aqueous oxynitrogen anions (NOx-) with hydrocarbons. Part II. Aromatic and aliphatic compounds in nitrite was written by Petriconi, Gianna L.;Papee, Henry M.. And the article was included in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution in 1977.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

Research on NH4+ formation, by photoreduction under UV radiation of aqueous NO2- with suspended heptane [142-82-5], extended to C6H6 [71-43-2] and terpin hydrate [2451-01-6]. Radiation intensities similar to those found in nature were used this time with the purpose of determining, under laboratory conditions, overall rates of processes. The photolysis was carried out in a versatile apparatus and the results obtained are regarded as introductory towards investigations to be carried out under sunlight. While the formation of NH4+ in the NO2–heptane system follows the pattern previously outlined, thus confirming our earlier work, the reaction with the other compounds which contain either double bonds or OH groups follows a simpler route which involves much larger yields of NH4+ by attack of photoformed transients onto those reactive sites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts