Month: February 2023

Soil VOC emissions of a Mediterranean woodland are sensitive to shrub invasion was written by Meischner, M.;Haberstroh, S.;Daber, L. E.;Kreuzwieser, J.;Caldeira, M. C.;Schnitzler, J.-P.;Werner, C.. And the article was included in Plant Biology (Berlin, Germany) in 2022.Related Products of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Many belowground processes, such as soil respiration and soil-atm. VOC (volatile organic compounds) exchange, are closely linked to soil microbiol. processes. However, little is known about how changes in plant species cover, i.e. after plant invasion, alter these soil processes. In particular, the response of soil VOC emissions to plant invasion is not well understood. We analyzed soil VOC emissions and soil respiration of a Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber) ecosystem, comparing soil VOC emissions from a non-invaded Q. suber woodland to one invaded by the shrub Cistus ladanifer. Soil VOC emissions were determined under controlled conditions using online proton-transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Net soil VOC emissions were measured by exposing soils with or without litter to different temperature and soil moisture conditions. Soil VOC emissions were sensitive to C. ladanifer invasion. Highest net emission rates were determined for oxygenated VOC (acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, acetic acid), and high temperatures enhanced total VOC emissions. Invasion affected the relative contribution of various VOC. Methanol and acetaldehyde were emitted exclusively from litter and were associated with the non-invaded sites. In contrast, acetone emissions increased in response to shrub presence. Interestingly, low soil moisture enhanced the effect of shrub invasion on VOC emissions. Our results indicate that shrub invasion substantially influences important belowground processes in cork oak ecosystems, in particular soil VOC emissions. High soil moisture is suggested to diminish the invasion effect through a moisture-induced increase in microbial decomposition rates of soil VOC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Related Products of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A novel polysaccharide from Boletus edulis: Extraction, purification, characterization and immunologic activity was written by Yu, Shasha;Ma, Rongjie;Dong, Xiaodan;Ji, Haiyu;Liu, Anjun. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A novel polysaccharide (BEP) was extracted from Boletus edulis, and its structural characteristics and immunol. activity were evaluated. Our findings revealed that BEP (139 kDa) contained Man, Glc, and Gal in the molar ratio of 1:0.15:0.17 with typical characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides. Moreover, the results of methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy indicated that the backbone of BEP was (→6)-α-Manp-(1→ and →3,6)-α-Manp-(1→, with the side chain →3)-β-Manp-(1→, →3)-α-Galp-(1→ and α-Glcp-(1→)). The immunol. activity tests demonstrated that the BEP could enhance phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and secrete NO and cytokines in a dose-dependent by activated macrophage. It was noteworthy that the secretions of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α at 400 μg/mL concentration were increased by 25.50%, 191.67% and 196.05% compared with the control group, resp. The results illustrated that BEP was a novel polysaccharide, which may be marked as an immunol. agent in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Zirconium-Promoted Reductive Cyclization was written by Mori, Miwako;Uesaka, Noriaki;Saitoh, Fumihiko;Shibasaki, Masakatsu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1994.COA of Formula: C13H19NO This article mentions the following:

Perhydroindole derivatives were prepared from enynes using zirconium-promoted reductive cyclization. The zirconacycles derived from enynes I (R¹ = benzyl, etc.; R² = TMS, Me, etc.) were treated with iodine, isonitriles, oxygen, and carbon monoxide to give various heterocycles. The carbon-zirconium bonds of the zirconacycle could be selectively cleaved by different reagents. For example, treatment of N-(2-butynyl)-N-(2-cyclohexenyl)benzenamine I (R¹ = benzyl; R₂ = Me) with bis(η⁵-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)zirconium and subsequent carbonylation gave II (18% yield). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6COA of Formula: C13H19NO).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C13H19NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective addition of methyl group to aldehydes catalyzed by titanium complex of fluorous ligand was written by Omote, Masaaki;Tanaka, Naoya;Tarui, Atsushi;Sato, Kazuyuki;Kumadaki, Itsumaro;Ando, Akira. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2007.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Titanium complex of fluorous axially dissym. ligand (Ra*)-2,2′-bis[(R*)-perfluoro-1H-1-hydroxyoctyl]biphenyl (I) having perfluoroheptyl carbinol moieties catalyzed enantioselective addition of a Me group to aldehydes. Dimethylzinc prepared in situ by mixing ZnCl₂ and Me magnesium bromide without removal of magnesium salt was more reactive for addition of Me group than dimethylzinc without magnesium salt, and gave up to 99% ee of the products. The high fluorine content of I was recoverable by the selective extraction with perfluorohexane. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Construction of substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines via [5+1] cyclization of pyrazole-arylamines with alcohols/amines in one pot was written by Tang, Dong;Mu, Yangxiu;Iqbal, Zafar;He, Lili;Jiang, Rui;Hou, Jing;Yang, Zhixiang;Yang, Minghua. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

An efficient protocol had been developed for the synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline derivatives I [R¹ = Me, Ph, 3-pyridyl, etc.; R² = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-NCC₆H₄; R³ = Ph, 1-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, etc.], by reacting (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)anilines and readily available alcs./amines. A wide range of substrates with diverse functional groups were smoothly converted to the corresponding products in moderate to good yields, under optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the strategy also proceeded well with thiol and amino acid to access pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7SDS of cas: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of aza- and diazabiphenyl analogues of the antitubercular drug (6S)-2-nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (PA-824) was written by Kmentova, Iveta;Sutherland, Hamish S.;Palmer, Brian D.;Blaser, Adrian;Franzblau, Scott G.;Wan, Baojie;Wang, Yuehong;Ma, Zhenkun;Denny, William A.;Thompson, Andrew M.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 118289-16-0 This article mentions the following:

New heterocyclic analogs of the potent biphenyl class derived from antitubercular drug I were prepared, aiming to improve aqueous solubility but maintain high metabolic stability and efficacy. The strategy involved replacement of one or both Ph groups by pyridine, pyridazine, pyrazine, or pyrimidine, in order to reduce lipophilicity. For para-linked biaryls, hydrophilicities (ClogP) correlated with measured solubilities, but highly soluble bipyridine analogs displayed weak antitubercular activities. A terminal pyridine or proximal heterocycle allowed retention of potency and provided solubility improvements, particularly at low pH, with examples from the latter classes displaying the better in vivo efficacies, high metabolic stabilities, and excellent pharmacokinetics. Five such compounds were >100-fold better than the parent drug in a mouse model of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and two orally bioavailable pyridine analogs (3-4-fold more soluble than the parent at low pH) were superior to antitubercular drug II in a chronic infection model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0Reference of 118289-16-0).

2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 118289-16-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Difference in sensitivity to culture condition between in vitro fertilized and somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in pigs was written by Yamanaka, Ken-ichi;Sugimura, Satoshi;Wakai, Takuya;Kawahara, Manabu;Sato, Eimei. And the article was included in Journal of Reproduction and Development in 2009.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

We evaluated the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using in vitro embryo culture systems. Embryos were cultured in NCSU-23, NCSU-23 supplemented with essential and non-essential amino acids (NCSU-23aa) or modified PZM-5 supplemented with BSA instead of PVA (mPZM-5). The rates of blastocyst formation were significantly higher in the mPZM-5 group than in the other groups, regardless of the method of embryo production (38.0 vs. 25.3 or 29.1% for IVF, 18.2 vs. 8.7 or 9.4% for SCNT, resp.). The mean cell numbers of IVF and SCNT blastocysts were also significantly higher in mPZM-5 than in the other groups (62.0 vs. 42.3 or 43.0 for IVF, 46.5 vs. 29.4 or 31.3 for SCNT, resp.). Next, the embryos were cultured in mPZM-5 from days 0 to 4 and then in mPZM-5 (P/P), NCSU-23 (P/N) or NCSU-23aa (P/Naa) until day 6. The rates of blastocyst formation were similar among the 3 two-step culture systems in both embryo groups (36.2, 34.2, and 33.6% for IVF, 20.8, 14.1, and 17.2% for SCNT, resp.). The mean cell number in the IVF and SCNT blastocysts was significantly lower in P/N than in P/P and P/Naa (46.5 vs. 63.5 and 68.7 for IVF, 29.3 vs. 45.5 and 39.7 for SCNT, resp.). Next, we examined the effect of media on apoptosis in IVF and SCNT blastocysts. The apoptosis indexes in the blastocysts derived from either NCSU-23 or mPZM-5 were analyzed by TUNEL assay. The apoptosis index of the SCNT blastocysts was significantly lower in mPZM-5 than in NCSU-23 (8.8 vs. 13.6%), whereas no such difference was observed between groups in the IVF embryos (5.1 vs. 4.4%). These data suggested that SCNT embryos were more easily affected by culture environment compared with IVF embryos, offering the possibility to further enhance the developmental competence of SCNT embryos by developing more appropriate culture conditions in pigs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New paracyclophane phosphine for highly enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of prochiral ketones was written by Cheemala, Murthy N.;Gayral, Maud;Brown, John M.;Rossen, Kai;Knochel, Paul. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2007.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A new unsym. (R)-Phanephos analog, [2.2]paracyclophane diphosphine (R)-(C₂H₄)₂(1,4-C₆H₃-2-PAr₂)(1,4-C₆H₃-3-PPh₂) (2, Ar = 3,5-Me₂C₆H₃) was prepared and tested as ligand for ruthenium-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of acetophenones. Acetophenones XC₆H₄COMe were hydrogenated into the corresponding (αR)-α-methylbenzenemethanols by [(L₂)RuCl₂(H₂NCR¹R²CR²R¹NH₂)] (6a,b; R¹, R² = H, Ph; L₂ = 2) with 94-97% ee. The ligand 2 was highly efficient in the ruthenium-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of various aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Light radiation promoted stilbene accumulation in peanut sprouts: a response of the reestablishment of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis was written by Zhu, Tong;Yang, Jinghui;Zhang, Di;Cai, Qinqin;Shen, Yi;Tu, Siying;Tu, Kang. And the article was included in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum in 2021.COA of Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

The effect of light radiation on stilbene induction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of peanut sprouts were explored in this study. Firstly, different types of light sources with same intensity, including white light-emitting diode (LED), UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, were used to radiate peanuts during germination. Results showed contents of stilbenes and total phenolics were significantly promoted by light radiation and different types of stilbene compound were significantly induced in response to different types of light. Secondly, UV-C radiation was selected to treat peanuts with different intensities during germination. Results showed contents of stilbenes, total phenolics, total flavonoids, activity of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyse (PAL) increased significantly with the increasing UV-C intensity. H2O2 showed a remarkable neg. correlation with stilbenes, antioxidants, PAL, peroxidase and catalase. Contents of stilbenes and antioxidants of peanut sprouts could be increased by light radiation effectively in the germination process and the underlying inducing mechanism by UV-C radiation was involved with the mediation of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6COA of Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Practical, efficient, and broadly applicable synthesis of readily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds by catalytic three-component reactions was written by Radomkit, Suttipol;Liu, Zhenxing;Closs, Anna;Mikus, Malte S.;Hoveyda, Amir H.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2017.Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

A practical, efficient and broadly applicable catalytic method for synthesis of easily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds is presented. Reactions are promoted by a combination of PCy₃ or PPh₃, CuCl and LiOt-Bu and may be performed with readily accessible alkenyl boronate substrates. Through the use of an alkenyl-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) or alkenyl-B(dan) (dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato) starting material and com. available (pin)B-B(dan) or B₂(pin)₂ as the reagent, a range of vicinal diboronates, including those that contain a B-substituted quaternary carbon center, may be prepared in up to 91% yield and with >98% site selectivity. High enantioselectivities can be obtained (up to 96:4 er) through the use of com. available chiral bis-phosphine ligands for reactions that afford mixed diboronate products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts