Month: February 2023

Theoretical and experimental evidence for the action of terpenes as modulators in lung function was written by Zoenker, K. S.;Bluemel, G.;Probst, J.;Reiterer, W.. And the article was included in Progress in Respiration Research (1963-1994) in 1984.Application of 2451-01-6 This article mentions the following:

The terpenes tested (Pinocarveol  [5947-36-4], Terpin hydrate  [2451-01-6], Myrtenol  [515-00-4], Myrtenal  [564-94-3], Verbenone  [80-57-9], and Trans-verbenol  [1820-09-3]) all decreased the surface tension of a dipalmitoyllecithin monolayer and/or natural rat surfactant, indicating that if they could be placed at the air/water/lipid interface within the alveolar lining layer, they may be able to restore pulmonary function. In rabbits with natural tracheobronchial catarrhal effects, terpenes inhibited mucus secretion, decreased mucus deposition and increased the cilia-mediate mucus transport, indicating that terpenes may change the viscoelasticity of the mucus. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, terpenes had variable effects. The use of the terpenes in patients with surfactant/lung function impairment is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Application of 2451-01-6).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application of 2451-01-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biodegradable fibrous scaffolds with diverse properties by electrospinning candidates from a combinatorial macromer library was written by Metter, Robert B.;Ifkovits, Jamie L.;Hou, Kevin;Vincent, Ludovic;Hsu, Benjamin;Wang, Louis;Mauck, Robert L.;Burdick, Jason A.. And the article was included in Acta Biomaterialia in 2010.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The properties of electrospun fibrous scaffolds, including degradation, mechanics and cellular interactions, are important for their use in tissue engineering applications. Although some diversity has been obtained previously in fibrous scaffolds, optimization of scaffold properties relies on iterative techniques in both polymer synthesis and processing. Here, we electrospun candidates from a combinatorial library of biodegradable and photopolymerizable poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) to show that the diversity in properties found in this library is retained when processed into fibrous scaffolds. Specifically, three PBAE macromers were electrospun into scaffolds and possessed similar initial mech. properties, but exhibited mass loss ranging from rapid (complete degradation within ∼2 wk) to moderate (complete degradation within ∼3 mo) to slow (only partial degradation after 3 mo). These trends in mechanics and degradation mimicked what was previously observed in the bulk polymers. Although cellular adhesion was dependent on the polymer composition in films, adhesion to scaffolds that were electrospun with gelatin was similar on all formulations and controls. To further illustrate the diverse properties that are attainable in these systems, the fastest and slowest degrading polymers were electrospun together into one scaffold, but as distinct fiber populations. This dual-polymer scaffold exhibited behavior in mass loss and mechanics with time that fell between the single-polymer scaffolds. In general, this work indicates that combinatorial libraries may be an important source of information and specific polymer compositions for the fabrication of electrospun fibrous scaffolds with tunable properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Antiarylative Cyclization of Alkynones was written by Zhou, Zhijun;Liu, Wenfeng;Kong, Wangqing. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

A new catalyst system for the antiarylative cyclization of alkynones and aryl halides through a reductive cross-coupling strategy is developed. The transformation proceeds smoothly in the absence of organometallic reagents and features high functional group tolerance. This method provides an effective platform to access a wide variety of synthetically useful endocyclic tetrasubstituted allylic alcs. in a stereoselective manner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zinc polyoxometalate immobilized on ionic liquid-modified MCM-41: an efficient reusable catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide was written by Hajian, Robabeh;Jafari, Fereshteh. And the article was included in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society in 2019.Product Details of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

In this study, Keggin-type polyoxometalate [n-C₄H₉)₄N]_x[PW₁₁ZnO₃₉].nH₂O was successfully immobilized on imidazole-functionalized ionic liquid-modified mesoporous MCM-41 by phys. adsorption. The PW₁₁Zn@MCM-41-Im was characterized by FT-IR, ICP, XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption and desorption and DRUV-Vis anal. The results indicated that ZnPW₁₁ could be successfully immobilized on mesoporous MCM-41-Im. This heterogeneous catalyst showed high catalytic performance and excellent selectivity in the oxidation of alcs. to the corresponding carbonyl groups with hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the supported ionic liquid catalyst was recovered by simple filtration and reused in four reaction runs with the preserve of the catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Product Details of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Trivalent PROTACs Having a Functionalization Site with Controlled Orientation was written by Huang, Yifan;Yokoe, Hiromasa;Kaiho-Soma, Ai;Takahashi, Kazunori;Hirasawa, Yusuke;Morita, Hiroshi;Ohtake, Fumiaki;Kanoh, Naoki. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

Trivalent PROTACs having a functionalization site with controlled orientation were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Based on the X-ray structure of BRD protein degrader MZ1 (1) in complex with human VHL and BRD4^BD2, we expected that the 1,2-disubstituted Et group near the JQ-1 moiety in MZ1 (1) could be replaced by a planar benzene tether as a platform for further functionalization. To test this hypothesis, we first designed six divalent MZ1 derivatives, 2a-c and 3a-c, by combining three variations of substitution patterns on the benzene ring (1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-substitution) and two variations in the number of ethylene glycol units (2 or 1). We then tested the synthesized compounds for the BRD4 degradation activity of each. As expected, we found that 1,2D-EG2-MZ1 (2a)(I), an MZ1 derivative with 1,2-disubstituted benzene possessing two ethylene glycol units, had an activity profile similar to that of MZ1 (1). Based on the structure of 2a, we then synthesized and evaluated four isomeric trivalent MZ1 derivatives, 15a-15d, having a tert-Bu ester unit on the benzene ring as a handle for further functionalization. Among the four isomers, 1,2,5T-EG2-MZ1 (15c)(II) retained a level of BRD4 depletion activity similar to that of 2a without inducing a measurable Hook effect, and its BRD4 depletion kinetics was the same as that of MZ1 (1). Other isomers were also shown to retain BRD4 depletion activity. Thus, the trivalent PROTACs we synthesized here may serve as efficient platforms for further applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Related Products of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Piceatannol SNEDDS Attenuates Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia in Rats by Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Axes was written by Binmahfouz, Lenah S.;Eid, Basma G.;Bagher, Amina M.;Shaik, Rasheed A.;Binmahfouz, Najlaa S.;Abdel-Naim, Ashraf B.. And the article was included in Nutrients in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the most common risk factor for endometrial malignancy in females. The pathogenesis of EH has been directly linked to uterine inflammation, which can result in abnormal cell division and decreased apoptosis. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural polyphenolic stilbene, is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential preventive role of PIC in estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced EH in rats. A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was prepared to improve the solubility of the PIC. Therefore, thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg), (3) EB (0.6 mg/kg), (4) EB + PIC SNEDDS (5 mg/kg) and (5) EB + PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg). The administration of PIC SNEDDS prevented EB-induced increases in uterine weights and histopathol. changes. Addnl., it displayed pro-apoptotic and antioxidant activity in the endometrium. Immunohistochem. staining of uterine sections co-treated with PIC SNEDDS showed significantly decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This anti-inflammatory effect was further confirmed by a significant increase in Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. These results indicate that SNEDDS nanoformulation of PIC possesses protective effects against exptl. induced EH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bridging and Conformational Control of Porphyrin Units through Non-Traditional Rigid Scaffolds was written by Grover, Nitika;Locke, Gemma M.;Flanagan, Keith J.;Beh, Michael H. R.;Thompson, Alison;Senge, Mathias O.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Related Products of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Connecting two porphyrin units in a rigid linear fashion, without any undesired electron delocalization or communication between the chromophores, remains a synthetic challenge. Herein, a broad library of functionally diverse multi-porphyrin arrays that incorporate the non-traditional rigid linker groups cubane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is described. A robust, reliable, and versatile synthetic procedure was employed to access porphyrin-cubane/BCP-porphyrin arrays, representing the largest non-polymeric structures available for cubane/BCP derivatives These reactions demonstrate considerable substrate scope, from utilization of small Ph moieties to large porphyrin rings, with varying lengths and different angles. To control conformational flexibility, amide bonds were introduced between the bridgehead carbon of BCP/cubane and the porphyrin rings. Through varying the orientation of the substituents around the amide bond of cubane/BCP, different intermol. interactions were identified through single crystal X-ray anal. These studies revealed non-covalent interactions that are the first-of-their-kind including a unique iodine-oxygen interaction between cubane units. These supramol. architectures indicate the possibility to mimic a protein structure due to the sp³ rigid scaffolds (BCP or cubane) that exhibit the essential conformational space for protein function while simultaneously providing amide bonds for mol. recognition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Related Products of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biotransformation of 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol, a Main Product of the Insecticide Fenitrothion, by Aspergillus niger was written by Kanaly, Robert A.;Kim, In Seon;Hur, Hor-Gil. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2005.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Biotransformation of the environmental pollutant 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP), a newly characterized estrogenic chem., and the primary breakdown product of the heavily used insecticide fenitrothion was investigated using a common soil fungus. In 96 h, daily culture sacrifice, extraction, and anal. showed that the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger VKM F-1119, removed more than 85% of the MNP present in solution (original concentration = 25 mg/L), mostly through biodegradation Addnl., in 16-day time-course studies, A. Niger was capable of biotransformation of MNP at concentrations as high as 70 mg/L. Gas chromatog. mass spectroscopy (MS) analyses of culture fluid extracts indicated the formation of four metabolites: 2-methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, and two singly hydroxylated derivatives of MNP. Culture scale up and metabolite anal. by liquid chromatog. MS resulted in the confirmation of the original metabolites plus the detection of an azo derivative metabolite that has not been previously reported before during MNP biodegradation by any micro-organisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Intramolecular Pd-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Enolizable sp³-C-H Bonds was written by Ford, Russell L.;Alt, Isabel;Jana, Navendu;Driver, Tom G.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization of nitroarenes has been designed to construct sp³-C-NHAr bonds from sp³-C-H bonds by using an enolizable nucleophile to intercept a nitrosoarene intermediate. Exposure of ortho-substituted nitroarenes to 5 mol % of Pd(OAc)₂ and 10 mol % of phenanthroline under 2 atm of CO constructs partially saturated 5-, 6-, or 7-membered N-heterocycles I (R¹ = H, Cl, Me, etc.; R² = H, F, Me, etc.; R³ = H, Me) using α-pyridyl carboxylates, malonates, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-diones, or difurans as the nucleophile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stimuli-responsive lipidic cubic phase: Triggered release and sequestration of guest molecules was written by Rahanyan-Kaegi, Nelli;Aleandri, Simone;Speziale, Chiara;Mezzenga, Raffaele;Landau, Ehud M.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

New stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, made up of host-guest lipidic cubic phases (LCPs) are presented. These biocompatible, stable, transparent and water-insoluble LCPs are composed of monoolein (MO) as a neutral host, and small amounts of one of three judiciously designed and synthesized designer lipids as guest that preserve the structure and stability of LCPs, but render them specific functionalities. Efficient pH- and light-induced binding, release and sequestration of hydrophilic dyes are demonstrated. Significantly, these processes can be performed sequentially, thereby achieving both temporal and dosage control, opening up the possibility of using such LCPs as effective carriers to be used in drug delivery applications. Specifically, because of the inherent optical transparency and mol. isotropy of LCPs they can be envisaged as light-induced drug carriers in ophthalmol. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of mol. design in creating new functional materials with predicted operating mode. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts