Month: February 2023

Evaluation of Fe and Ru Pincer-Type Complexes as Catalysts for the Racemization of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols was written by Bornschein, Christoph;Gustafson, Karl P. J.;Verho, Oscar;Beller, Matthias;Baeckvall, Jan-E.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

Fe and Ru pincer-type catalysts are used for the racemization of benzylic alcs. Racemization with the Fe catalyst was achieved within 30 min. under mild reaction conditions, with a catalyst loading as low as 2 mol %. This reaction constitutes the first example of an iron-catalyzed racemization of an alc. The efficiency for racemization of the Fe catalyst and its Ru analog was evaluated for a wide range of sec-benzylic alcs. The com. available Ru complex proved to be highly robust and even tolerated the presence of water in the reaction mixture In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New phosphine oxide aziridinyl phosphonates as chiral Lewis bases for the Abramov-type phosphonylation of aldehydes was written by Dogan, Ozdemir;Isci, Muhammet;Aygun, Muhittin. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2013.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A series of Lewis bases were screened for Abramov-type phosphine additions to aldehydes. A novel phosphine oxide aziridinyl phosphonate POAP-A was found to be better than the others in forming the product in 96% yield and with 42% ee. The absolute configuration of the newly synthesized POAP Lewis bases was determined by single-crystal X-ray anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Retrospective analysis in 46 women with vulvovaginal atrophy treated with ospemifene for 12 weeks: improvement in overactive bladder symptoms was written by Schiavi, Michele Carlo;Zullo, Marzio Angelo;Faiano, Pierangelo;D’Oria, Ottavia;Prata, Giovanni;Colagiovanni, Vanessa;Giannini, Andrea;Di Tucci, Chiara;Perniola, Giorgia;Di Donato, Violante;Monti, Marco;Muzii, Ludovico;Benedetti Panici, Pierluigi. And the article was included in Gynecological Endocrinology in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of ospemifene in the improvement of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in postmenopausal women affected by vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Methods: Forty-six postmenopausal patients affected by VVA with OAB syndrome were enrolled for the study. All patients received Ospemifene 60 mg for 12 wk. Clin. examination, 3-day voiding diary, urodynamic testing, ultrasound measurement of endometrial and bladder wall thickness (BWT) and the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) were performed at baseline and 12 wk. Patients completed the OAB-Q SF and UDI-6. Results: After 12-wk, the number of patients with detrusor overactivity decreased from 39% to 13% (p = 0.04). The reduction in the mean number in 24 h of voids (9.57 ± 2.12 vs. 6.63 ± 1.22, p < 0.0001), urgent micturition episodes/24 h (5.63 ± 1.46 vs. 1.44 ± 1.31, p < 0.0001), nocturia episodes (3.17 ± 0.85 vs. 1.11 ± 1.18, p < 0.0001), urinary incontinence episodes/24 h (0.85 ± 0.96 vs. 0.33 ± 0.64, p = 0.003) was observed The UDI-6, OAB-Q symptoms, OAB-Q (HRQL) scores were 8.95 ± 0.91 vs. 5.56 ± 1.40, 62.60 ± 14.70 vs. 20.08 ± 10.83 and 18.71 ± 7.41 vs. 79.45 ± 14.47 (p < 0.001) before and after 12 wk. Conclusion: Ospemifene is an effective potential therapy for postmenopausal women with VVA improving OAB symptoms and quality of life. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stereoisomeric Tris-BINOL-Menthol Bulky Monophosphites: Synthesis, Characterisation and Application in Rhodium-Catalysed Hydroformylation was written by Felgueiras, Alexandre P.;Rodrigues, Fabio M. S.;Carrilho, Rui M. B.;Cruz, Pedro F.;Rodrigues, Vitor H.;Kegl, Tamas;Kollar, Laszlo;Pereira, Mariette M.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Four stereoisomeric monoether derivatives, based on axially chiral (R)- or (S)-BINOL bearing a chiral (+)- or (-)-neomenthyloxy group were synthesized and fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallog. The resp. tris-monophosphites were thereof prepared and fully characterised. The coordination ability of the new bulky phosphites with Rh(CO)₂(acac), was attested by ³¹P NMR, which presented a doublet in the range of δ = 120 ppm, with a 1J(103Rh-31P) coupling constant of 290 Hz. The new tris-binaphthyl phosphite ligands were further characterised by DFT computational methods, which allowed to calculate an electronic (CEP) parameter of 2083.2 cm-1 and an extremely large cone angle of 345°, decreasing to 265° upon coordination with a metal atom. Furthermore, the monophosphites were applied as ligands in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of styrene, leading to complete conversions in 4 h, 100% chemoselectivity for aldehydes and up to 98% iso-regioselectivity. The Rh(I)/phosphite catalytic system was also highly active and selective in the hydroformylation of disubstituted olefins, including (E)-prop-1-en-1-ylbenzene and prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cobalt-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of ethers: Direct synthesis of α-oxy esters from phenols and alcohols was written by Wang, Le-Cheng;Xu, Jian-Xing;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2022.COA of Formula: C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

A cobalt-catalyzed direct alkoxycarbonylation of ethers (such as THF, 1,4-dioxane, ethoxyethane, etc.) has been accomplished. This new catalytic system allows the use of ethers, important building blocks in organic synthesis, as the carbonylation substrates. A variety of phenols and alcs. ROH was transformed to the corresponding α-oxy ester derivatives ROC(O)R¹ (R¹ = oxolan-2-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1-ethoxyethyl, etc.; R = Ph, naphthalen-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, adamantan-1-yl, etc.) in high yields with excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, several pharmaceutical and bioactive mol. related compounds were also suitable substrates for this carbonylation process, and the target products were obtained in good yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7COA of Formula: C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pyran derivatives. 107. Preparation and reactions of 2-acetyl-3-amino-5-hydroxy-2-cyclohexenones; benzene derivatives from pyrones was written by Eiden, Fritz;Patzelt, Gertrud. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 1985.Quality Control of 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone This article mentions the following:

Acetylpyrene I reacted with HNR₂² [NR₂² = NMe₂, NEt₂, NMeCH₂CH₂Ph, piperidino, morpholino, perhydroazepine, 4-(2-pyridyl)-1-piperazinyl, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl, 1-piperazinyl] gave aminocyclohexenones II and III and aminophenols IV. NH₃ and 1,2-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂ gave pyridinones V (R = H, 2-H₂NC₆H₄) or VI. The amine group in II (R² = Me) (VII) was replaced by reaction with NH₃, amines, amino acids, and hydrazine derivatives VII cyclized with PhC(:NH)NH₂ or H₂NNHR¹ (R¹ = Ph, Me) to give quinazoline VIII or indazoles IX. Treating II, III, the transamination analogs of VII, VIII, or IX with KOH in EtOH gave the corresponding phenol dehydration products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Quality Control of 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Linking the Salmonella enterica 1,2-propanediol utilization bacterial microcompartment shell to the enzymatic core via the shell protein PduB was written by Kennedy, Nolan W.;Mills, Carolyn E.;Abrahamson, Charlotte H.;Archer, Andre G.;Shirman, Sasha;Jewett, Michael C.;Mangan, Niall M.;Tullman-Ercek, Danielle. And the article was included in Journal of Bacteriology in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are protein-based organelles that house the enzymic machinery for metabolism of niche carbon sources, allowing enteric pathogens to outcompete native microbiota during host colonization. While much progress has been made toward understanding MCP biogenesis, questions still remain regarding the mechanism by which core MCP enzymes are enveloped within the MCP protein shell. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the shell protein PduB is responsible for linking the shell of the 1,2-propanediol utilization (Pdu) MCP from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 to its enzymic core. Using fluorescent reporters, we demonstrate that all members of the Pdu enzymic core are encapsulated in Pdu MCPs. We also demonstrate that PduB is critical for linking the entire Pdu enzyme core to the MCP shell. Using MCP purifications, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we find that shell assembly can be decoupled from the enzymic core, as apparently empty MCPs are formed in Salmonella strains lacking PduB. Mutagenesis studies reveal that PduB is incorporated into the Pdu MCP shell via a conserved, lysine-mediated hydrogen bonding mechanism. Finally, growth assays and system-level pathway modeling reveal that unencapsulated pathway performance is strongly impacted by enzyme concentration, highlighting the importance of minimizing polar effects when conducting these functional assays. Together, these results provide insight into the mechanism of enzyme encapsulation within Pdu MCPs and demonstrate that the process of enzyme encapsulation and shell assembly are sep. processes in this system, a finding that will aid future efforts to understand MCP biogenesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chirality-Economy Catalysis: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones by Ru-Catalysts of Minimal Stereogenicity was written by Chen, Fumin;He, Dongxu;Chen, Li;Chang, Xiaoyong;Wang, David Zhigang;Xu, Chen;Xing, Xiangyou. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2019.Reference of 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

This manuscript describes the design and synthesis of Ru catalysts that feature only a single stereogenic element, yet this minimal chirality resource is demonstrated to be competent for effecting high levels of stereoinduction in the asym. transfer hydrogenation over a broad range of ketone substrates, including those that are not accommodated by known catalyst systems. The single stereogenic center of the (1-pyridine-2-yl)methanamine is the only point-chirality in the catalysts, which simplifies this catalyst system relative to existing literature protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Reference of 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The bacteriostatic effect of erythritol on canine periodontal disease-related bacteria was written by Tochio, T.;Makida, R.;Fujii, T.;Kadota, Y.;Takahashi, M.;Watanabe, A.;Funasaka, K.;Hirooka, Y.;Yasukawa, A.;Kawano, K.. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Erythritol helps both prevent and improve periodontal disease and is therefore widely used for dental care in humans. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of erythritol on periodontal disease in animals. We hypothesized that erythritol could be used to prevent and improve periodontal disease also in canines and investigated the effects of erythritol on canine periodontal disease-related pathogenic bacteria using both in vitro and in vivo methods. The effect of erythritol on the proliferation of Porphyromonas gulae, which is reportedly associated with canine periodontal disease, was investigated in vitro. In addition, a 4-wk intervention trial using an external gel preparation containing 5% erythritol was performed in canines with mild periodontal disease; changes in the microbiota around periodontal lesions were investigated using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics anal. The growth of P. gulae was significantly suppressed by erythritol in vitro. In the intervention study, the Shannon index, an indicator of the species distribution a-diversity, and the occupancy of several canine periodontal disease – related bacteria (P. gulae, P. cangingivalis) were significantly decreased in periodontal lesions. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, we conclude that, as in humans, erythritol has bacteriostatic effects against periodontal disease – related bacteria in canines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Oral bioavailability of ospemifene improves with food intake was written by Koskimies, Pasi;Katila, Kirsi;Lammintausta, Risto;Aaltonen, Anne-Mari;Vuorinen, Jouni;Saarni, Outi;Scheinin, Mika. And the article was included in International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To assess the effect of concomitant food intake on the relative bioavailability of ospemifene and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxyospemifene, after single oral dosing. Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, balanced, two-treatment (fed vs. fasted), two-period, two-sequence cross-over study in 24 healthy male subjects. Single 60-mg doses of ospemifene were administered without food or with a high-fat, high-energy breakfast (860 kcal). In an extension study, a single 60-mg dose of ospemifene was given to 12 subjects with a low-fat, light breakfast (300 kcal). Addnl. information was acquired by determining tablet dissolution profiles in media which reflected fasted and fed intestinal conditions. Results: The AUC_0-72h and C_max of ospemifene were 2.8- and 3.6-fold higher after a high-fat breakfast and 1.9- and 2.3-fold higher after a low-fat breakfast when compared with an overnight fast. The variability in both primary pharmacokinetic parameters was considerably reduced (by up to 50%) with a meal, indicating more consistent absorption of ospemifene with concomitant food intake. Dissolution in conditions simulating fed intestinal fluid (high bile acid concentration) was increased 3-fold compared with dissolution in simulated fasted intestinal fluid. Conclusions: Food markedly enhanced the extent and predictability of ospemifene absorption. The increase in bioavailability was not linearly related with the fat content of the meal. In vitro dissolution results were consistent with these clin. observations. Administration with food enhances and standardizes the oral bioavailability of ospemifene. Thus, it is recommended that ospemifene tablets should be taken with food. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts