Month: February 2023

Graphene-reinforced biodegradable resin composites for stereolithographic 3D printing of bone structure scaffolds was written by Feng, Zuying;Li, Yan;Hao, Liang;Yang, Yihu;Tang, Tian;Tang, Danna;Xiong, Wei. And the article was included in Journal of Nanomaterials in 2019.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

A biodegradable UV-cured resin has been fabricated via stereolithog. apparatus (SLA). The formulation consists of a com. polyurethane resin as an oligomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a reactive diluent and phenylbis (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819) as a photoinitiator. The tensile strength of the three-dimensional (3D) printed specimens is 68 MPa, 62% higher than that of the reference specimens (produced by direct casting). The flexural strength and modulus can reach 115 MPa and 5.8 GPa, resp. A solvent-free method is applied to fabricate graphene-reinforced nanocomposite. Porous bone structures (a jawbone with a square architecture and a sternum with a round architecture) and gyroid scaffold of graphene-reinforced nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering have been 3D printed via SLA. The UV-crosslinkable graphene-reinforced biodegradable nanocomposite using SLA 3D printing technol. can potentially remove important cost barriers for personalized biol. tissue engineering as compared to the traditional mold-based multistep methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Recommanded Product: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Scutellarein attenuates atopic dermatitis by selectively inhibiting transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channels was written by Wang, Yujing;Tan, Liaoxi;Jiao, Kejun;Xue, Chu;Tang, Qinglian;Jiang, Shan;Ren, Younan;Chen, Hao;El-Aziz, Tarek Mohamed Abd;Abdelazeem, Khalid N. M.;Yu, Ye;Zhao, Fang;Zhu, Michael X.;Cao, Zhengyu. And the article was included in British Journal of Pharmacology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Background and Purpose : Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory cutaneous diseases with unmet clin. needs. As a common ingredient found in several medicinal herbs with efficacy on cutaneous inflammatory diseases, Scutellarein (Scu) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Scu against AD and its underlying mol. mechanism. Exptl. Approach : Efficacy of Scu on AD was evaluated in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and carvacrol-induced dermatitis mouse models. Cytokine mRNA and serum IgE levels were examined using qPCR and ELISA, resp. Voltage clamp recordings were used to measure currents mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In silico docking, site-direct mutagenesis, and covalent modification were used to explore the binding pocket of Scu on TRPV3. Key Results : S.c. administration of Scu efficaciously suppresses DNFB and carvacrol-induced pruritus, epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation in wild type mice but has no addnl. benefit in Trpv3 knockout mice in the carvacrol model. Scu is a potent and selective TRPV3 channel allosteric neg. modulator with an apparent affinity of 1.18 μM. Mol. docking coupled with site-direct mutagenesis and covalent modification of incorporated cysteine residues demonstrate that Scu targets the cavity formed between the pore helix and transmembrane helix S6. Moreover, Scu attenuates endogenous TRPV3 activity in human keratinocytes and inhibits carvacrol-induced proliferative and proinflammatory responses. Conclusion and Implications : Collectively, these data demonstrate that Scu ameliorates carvacrol-induced skin inflammation by directly inhibiting TRPV3, and TRPV3 represents a viable therapeutic target for AD treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of dilution of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and oxalic acid on the production of α-terpineol from terpin hydrate was written by Kullaj, S.. And the article was included in Buletin i Shkencave Natyrore in 1983.Reference of 2451-01-6 This article mentions the following:

Terpin hydrate(I) was dehydrated to α-terpineol(II) by boiling with 0.01-1% H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, or oxalic acid. H₃PO₄ (0.025%) gave maximum yields of II (98.8%); the reaction mixture contained 72.1% of II. After distillation at 20 mm Hg through a column with 5 distillation plates, a crystalline II was obtained in a fraction boiling at 113-118°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Reference of 2451-01-6).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 2451-01-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Organic solvent free, high performance and cleaning reactive dye ink using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose for inkjet printing was written by Zhang, Kun;Fang, Kuanjun;Song, Yawei;Sun, Fuyun. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Quality Control of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Organic solvents adjusting the surface tension and viscosity of reactive dye inks for good droplet formation has resulted in low dye utilization and serious environmental pollution. Hydroxypropyl Me cellulose (HPMC) has advantages of biocompatibility, renewability and excellent surface tension and viscosity. Here, an organic solvent free dye ink was developed using HPMC and the printability of HPMC/dye inks was compared with diethylene glycol (DEG)/dye inks and com. inks. Only adding 0.6 wt% of HPMC could obtain good droplet formation, while DEG needed to be added by 50 wt%. The HPMC/dye ink printed patterns exhibited much deeper color than the DEG/dye ink and the com. ink due to the less diffusion of HPMC/dye ink to the back of the fabric. Moreover, as the small dosage of HPMC and the poor reactivity between HPMC and reactive dye, the coloring effluent of the HPMC/dye ink was less than the DEG/dye ink and the com. ink. According to the data of World Textile Information Network, HPMC adjusting the jetting performance will save 1.4 billion ¥ than DEG in 2025. The HPMC/dye ink is a clean ink with advantages of high performance and low pollution and cost. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Quality Control of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Metabolic shifts during fruit development in pungent and non-pungent peppers was written by Rodrigues-Salvador, Acacio;Lana-Costa, Jaciara;Omena-Garcia, Rebeca Patricia;Batista-Silva, Willian;Scossa, Federico;Rosado-Souza, Laise;Perez-Diaz, Jorge Luis;Menezes-Silva, Paulo Eduardo;DaMatta, Fabio M.;Sulpice, Ronan;Araujo, Wagner L.;Zsogon, Agustin;Fernie, Alisdair R.;Nunes-Nesi, Adriano. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Fruit pungency is caused by the accumulation of capsaicinoids, secondary metabolites whose relation to primary metabolism remains unclear. We have selected ten geog. diverse accessions of Capsicum chinense Jacq with different pungency levels. A detailed metabolic profile was conducted in the fruit placenta and pericarp at 20, 45, and 60 days after anthesis aiming at increasing our understanding of the metabolic changes in these tissues across fruit development and their potential connection to capsaicin metabolism Overall, despite the variation in fruit pungency among the ten accessions, the composition and metabolite levels in both placenta and pericarp were uniformly stable across accessions. Most of the metabolite variability occurred between the fruit developmental stages rather than among the accessions. Interestingly, different metabolite adjustments in the placenta were observed among pungent and non-pungent accessions, which seem to be related to differences in the genetic background. Furthermore, we observed high coordination between metabolites and capsaicin production in C. chinense fruits, suggesting that pungency in placenta is adjusted with primary metabolism In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Synthetic Route of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ice-forming activity of organic crystal hydrates was written by Chesha, I. I.;Tovbin, M. V.;Nikeshina, I. V.;Shcherbina, L. S.;Kolomiets, N. A.. And the article was included in Fizika Aerodispersnykh Sistem in 1982.Name: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

The ice-forming activity was studied of 2,4-dioxybenzoic acid (I) [89-86-1], the mol. of which crystallizes with 3 H₂O mols. The specific yield of ice crystals ranges (1.7-8.8) × 10⁹/1 g, in relation to the amount of I added (0.45-1.25 mL) to the solution The anhydrous form of I has a better ice-forming activity than the crystal-hydrates. Comparative data are also obtained for cis-terpin and its crystal hydrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Name: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Name: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient Aluminum Catalysts for the Chemical Conversion of CO₂ into Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature and Atmospheric CO₂ Pressure was written by Kim, Yoseph;Hyun, Kyunglim;Ahn, Duseong;Kim, Ran;Park, Myung Hwan;Kim, Youngjo. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2019.Safety of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol This article mentions the following:

A series of dimeric aluminum compounds [Al(OCMe₂CH₂N(R)CH₂X)]₂ [X = pyridin-2-yl, R = H (Pyr^H); X = pyridin-2-yl, R = Me (Pyr^Me); X = furan-2-yl, R = H (Fur^H); X = furan-2-yl, R = Me (Fur^Me); X = thiophen-2-yl, R = H (Thio^H); X = thiophen-2-yl, R = Me (Thio^Me)] containing heterocyclic pendant group attached to the nitrogen catalyze the coupling of CO₂ with epoxides under ambient conditions. In a comparison of their catalytic activities with those of aluminum complexes without pendant groups at N [X = H, R = H (H^H); X = H, R = Me (H^Me)] or with non-heterocyclic pendant groups [X = CH₂CH₂OMe, R = H(OMe^H); X = CH₂CH₂NMe₂, R =H(NMe₂^H); X = CH₂CH₂NMe₂, R = Me (NMe₂^Me)], complexes containing heterocycles, in conjunction with (nBu)₄NBr as a cocatalyst, showed higher catalytic activities for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under the same ambient conditions. The best catalyst system for this reaction is Pyr^H/(nBu)₄NBr system, which gives a turnover number of 99 and a turnover frequency of 4.1 h^-1, making it 14- and 20-times more effective than H^H/(nBu)₄NBr and HMe/(nBu)₄NBr, resp. Although there were no direct interactions between the aluminum and the heteroatoms in the heterocyclic pendants, electronic effects combined with the increased local concentration of CO₂ around the active centers influences the catalytic activity in the coupling of CO₂ with epoxides. In addition, Pyr^H/(nBu)₄NBr showed broad epoxide substrate scope and seven terminal epoxides and two internal epoxides undergo the designed reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Safety of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Facile Development of Chiral Alkenylboranes from Chiral Diynes for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Silyl Enol Ethers was written by Ren, Xiaoyu;Li, Gen;Wei, Simin;Du, Haifeng. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2015.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A facile development of chiral alkenylboranes (e.g., I) by the hydroboration of chiral diynes with Piers’ borane was successfully achieved for the first time. With the combination of the in situ generated chiral alkenylboranes and tri-tert-butylphosphine as frustrated Lewis pair catalysts, the metal-free asym. hydrogenation of silyl enol ethers was realized to furnish a wide range of optically active secondary alcs. in high yields and up to 99% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stoichiometric and kinetic analysis of extreme halophilic Archaea on various substrates in a corrosion resistant bioreactor was written by Lorantfy, Bettina;Seyer, Bernhard;Herwig, Christoph. And the article was included in New Biotechnology in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

Extreme halophilic Archaea are extremophile species which can thrive in hypersaline environments of up to 3-5 M sodium chloride concentration Although their ecol. and physiol. are widely identified on the microbiol. level, little emphasis has been laid on quant. bioprocess development with extreme halophiles.The goal of this study was to establish, on the one hand, a methodol. basis for quant. bioprocess anal. of extreme halophilic Archaea with an extreme halophilic strain as an example. Firstly, as a novel usage, a corrosion resistant bioreactor setup for extreme halophiles has been implemented. Then, paying special attention to total bioprocess quantification approaches, an indirect method for biomass quantification using online process signals was introduced. Subsequently, robust quant. data evaluation methods for halophiles could be developed, providing defined and controlled cultivation conditions in the bioreactor and therefore obtaining suitable quality of online as well as off-line datasets.On the other hand, new physiol. results of extreme halophiles in bioreactor have also been obtained based on the quant. methodol. tools. For the first time, quant. data on stoichiometry and kinetics were collected and evaluated on different carbon sources. The results on various substrates were interpreted, with proposed metabolic mechanisms, by linking to the reported primary carbon metabolism of extreme halophilic Archaea. Moreover, results of chemostat cultures demonstrated that extreme halophilic organisms show Monod-kinetics on different sole carbon sources. A diauxic growth pattern was described on a mixture of substrates in batch cultivations.In addition, the methodologies presented here enable one to characterize the utilized strain Haloferax mediterranei (HFX) as a potential new host organism. Thus, this study offers a strong methodol. basis as well as a fundamental physiol. assessment for bioreactor quantification of extreme halophiles that can serve as primary knowledge for applications of extreme halophiles in biotechnol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fe²⁺ activating persulfate selectively oxidized alcohols by biphasic/homogeneous reaction switch strategy was written by Wang, Junyan;Liu, Xiaona;Wang, Xing;Yin, Hailiang;Guo, Qingbin;Liu, Di. And the article was included in Chemical Papers in 2022.COA of Formula: C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

A facile and efficient oxidation of alc. by Fe²⁺ activating persulfate was performed and a homogeneous/biphasic reaction switch strategy was proposed to regulate the oxidation process. Na₂S₂O₈ and FeSO₄ were employed as the oxidant and the source of activator Fe(II), resp. Fe²⁺ efficiently excited persulfate, endowing persulfate with powerful oxidation activity. Benefited from this, the oxidation of benzylic primary alcs. and cyclic secondary alcs. could proceed to give the corresponding aldehydes or ketones with good yields (85.2-98.5%) under the optimal conditions of 60°C, 1.5 mol equivalent Na₂S₂O₈ and 0.3 mol equivalent Fe²⁺ to substrate in a water/dichloroethane biphase system. Moreover, the primary alcs. were one-step oxidized into carboxylic acids with high selectivity by raising reaction temperature, increasing the amount of oxidant and switching from biphasic reaction to the water/MeCN homogeneous phase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7COA of Formula: C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts