Month: February 2023

Influence of processing conditions on the aroma profile of Litopenaeus vannamei by SPME-GC-MS was written by Duppeti, Haritha;Kempaiah, Bettadaiah Bheemanakere;Manjabhatta, Sachindra Nakkarike. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2022.Quality Control of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

This study reports the aroma profile of Litopenaeus vannamei under different processing conditions such as raw, boiled, hot air dried, microwave dried and roasted using SPME-GC-MS. A total of 86 volatile compounds were identified, among which 38 compounds reported as aroma-active compounds (AAC) having the odor activity value (OAV) greater than one. The microwave-dried shrimp meat (MSM) exhibited the highest summation of odor activity value, and roasted shrimp meat (RSM) showed the highest concentration of aroma-active compounds (3448.78 μg/g). The partial least square regression (PLSR) anal. and cluster anal. (CA) showed that MSM and RSM are related to each other in their aroma characteristics while boiled shrimp meat (BSM) is different than these samples. The results of this study illustrate the typical volatile markers and the impact of processing methods on flavor generation in L. vannamei, which should be examined for the assessment of its freshness and product development based on shrimp flavor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Quality Control of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of nanoparticles on photopolymerization of acrylate monomers in forming nano-composites was written by Check, Casey;Chartoff, Richard;Chang, Sean. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2015.Reference of 4074-88-8 This article mentions the following:

The UV photopolymerization of diethylene glycol-diacrylate and isobornyl-acrylate based nano-composites was studied with respect to reaction conversion with variations in UV light exposure. The composites contained various amounts of well dispersed ZrO₂ nanoparticles. The degree of conversion achieved vs light intensity was measured by DSC for various compositions ranging from 0 to 30% by weight of nanoparticles. It was found that including nanoparticles in the monomer increased the conversion achieved considerably. This is attributed to the acceleration of the reaction through interactions with the silane surface ligand on the nanoparticles. The upper limit for conversion was limited because of vitrification and was different for each monomer. Also noted was that the detailed effects of particle concentration on conversion are quite different for the two monomers. Conversion vs. UV exposure data such as those presented provide information necessary for determining the appropriate UV exposure required for creating nano-composites by inkjet printing with optimized phys., mech., and optical properties. The results indicate that it is important to determine this information for forming nano-composites from any specific monomer/nanoparticle combination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Reference of 4074-88-8).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 4074-88-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-Catalyzed Difluoromethylation of Alkyl Iodides Enabled by Aryl Radical Activation of Carbon-Iodine Bonds was written by Cai, Aijie;Yan, Wenhao;Wang, Chao;Liu, Wei. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

A novel strategy that leveraged the halogen abstraction ability of aryl radicals, thereby engaging a diverse range of alkyl iodides in copper-catalyzed Negishi-type cross-coupling reactions at room temperature Specifically, aryl radicals generated via copper catalysis efficiently initiate the cleavage of the carbon-iodide bonds of alkyl iodides. The alkyl radicals thus generated enter the copper catalytic cycles to couple with a difluoromethyl zinc reagent, thus furnished the alkyl difluoromethane products. This unprecedented Negishi-type difluoromethylation approach was applied to the late-stage modification of densely functionalized pharmaceutical agents and natural products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine TTK Inhibitors: CFI-402257 is a Potent, Selective, Bioavailable Anticancer Agent was written by Liu, Yong;Laufer, Radoslaw;Patel, Narendra Kumar;Ng, Grace;Sampson, Peter B.;Li, Sze-Wan;Lang, Yunhui;Feher, Miklos;Brokx, Richard;Beletskaya, Irina;Hodgson, Richard;Plotnikova, Olga;Awrey, Donald E.;Qiu, Wei;Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.;Mason, Jacqueline M.;Wei, Xin;Lin, Dan Chi-Chia;Che, Yi;Kiarash, Reza;Fletcher, Graham C.;Mak, Tak W.;Bray, Mark R.;Pauls, Henry W.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

This work describes a scaffold hopping exercise that begins with known imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines, briefly explores pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines, and ultimately yields pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as a novel class of potent TTK inhibitors. An X-ray structure of a representative compound is consistent with 1¹/₂ type inhibition and provides structural insight to aid subsequent optimization of in vitro activity and physicochem. and pharmacokinetic properties. Incorporation of polar moieties in the hydrophobic and solvent accessible regions modulates physicochem. properties while maintaining potency. Compounds with enhanced oral exposure were identified for xenograft studies. The work culminates in the identification of a potent (TTK K_i = 0.1 nM), highly selective, orally bioavailable anticancer agent (CFI-402257) for IND enabling studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Ferrocene-Based NH-Free Phosphine-Oxazoline Ligand for Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones was written by Wang, Yanzhao;Yang, Guoqiang;Xie, Fang;Zhang, Wanbin. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.Synthetic Route of C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

A new type of ferrocene-based phosphine-oxazoline ligand has been prepared over a few simple steps. An iridium complex of this ligand is air stable and exhibits excellent performance for the asym. hydrogenation of simple ketones (up to 98% yield, up to 99% ee, and 20000 S/C). Exo-α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketones could be regiospecifically hydrogenated to give chiral allylic alcs. with good results. This study indicates that P,N-ligands can also efficiently promote Ir-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation without NH-hydrogen-bonding assistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Synthetic Route of C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Occupational methacrylate and acrylate allergy – cross-reactions and possible screening allergens was written by Aalto-Korte, Kristiina;Henriks-Eckerman, Maj-Len;Kuuliala, Outi;Jolanki, Riitta. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2010.Computed Properties of C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Background: Acrylic resin monomers, especially acrylates and methacrylates, are important occupational allergens. Aims: To analyze patterns of concomitant patch test reactions to acrylic monomers in relation to exposure, and to suggest possible screening allergens. Patients/methods: We reviewed the patch test files for the years 1994-2009 at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for allergic reactions to acrylic monomers, and analyzed the clin. records of sensitized patients. Results: In a group of 66 patients allergic to an acrylic monomer, the most commonly pos. allergens were three methacrylates, namely ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA), and an acrylate, namely diethyleneglycol diacrylate (DEGDA). The patterns of concomitant reactions imply that exposure to methacrylates may induce cross-reactivity to acrylates, whereas exposure to acrylates usually does not lead to cross-allergy to methacrylates. Screening for triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA) in the baseline series was found to be useful, as 3 of 8 patients with diagnosed occupational acrylate allergy might have been missed without the screening. Conclusions: A short screening series of four allergens, EGDMA, DEGDA, 2-HPMA and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), would have screened 93% of our 66 patients: each of the remaining 5 patients reacted to different acrylic monomer(s). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Computed Properties of C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Untargeted metabolomics allows to discriminate raw camel milk, heated camel milk, and camel milk powder was written by Li, Rongrong;Wang, Shuang;Zhang, Jiawei;Miao, Jing;Chen, Gangliang;Dong, Jing;Wu, Linying;Yue, Haitao;Yang, Jie. And the article was included in International Dairy Journal in 2022.Formula: C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The metabolomic profiles of raw camel milk (RCM), heated camel milk (HCM) and camel milk powder (CMP) were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). One hundred and nineteen significantly changed metabolites with variable importance for the projection (VIP) > 1 (t-test p < 0.05) from the pos. mode were selected and identified in RCM, HCM and CMP. These metabolites included saccharides, glycosylamines, adenosines, and phospholipid. Among the saccharides, the content of D-lactose was the highest and slightly increased after thermal treatment. Dipeptides, including His-Pro and Lys-Trp, were significantly increased in HCM and CMP. As for glycosylamines, the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid was the highest. The amounts of larixinic acid increased dramatically in HCM and CMP (p < 0.001), which may improve the flavor of camel milk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Formula: C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Metal-ligand stability constants of complexes of -hydroxyacetophenones with manganese and magnesium was written by Kamat, P. V.;Datar, M. G.. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 1970.Formula: C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Metal-ligand stability constants of complexes of substituted o-hydroxyaceto phenones with bivalent Mg and Mn were determined potentiometrically, at 30° a nd at an ionic strength of μ ∼ 0.1 M NaClO4, in non-aqueous media, 75 % dioxane-25% water (volume/volume). The nature and effect of substituents on the stability of the complexes is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Formula: C9H10O3).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C9H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nanoemulsion of Myrtus communis essential oil and evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi was written by Firooziyan, Samira;Osanloo, Mahmoud;Basseri, Hamid Reza;Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hasan;Mohammadzadeh Hajipirloo, Habib;Amani, Amir;Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Excessive use of chem. insecticides has caused environmental pollution and vector resistance. Herbal essential oils with larvicidal properties are good alternatives to synthetic insecticides. In this study, larvicide properties of Myrtus communis essential oil and its nanoemulsion against Anopheles stephensi were investigated. Components of Myrtus communis essential oil were identified by GC-MS. Nanoemulsion of essential oil was made with Tween 80, Span 20, and water. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determined particle size and morphol. of nanoemulsions. The larvicide activity compared with bulk essential oil. A total of 107 M. communis essential oil compounds were discovered. The morphol. of a selected nanoemulsion was spherical. LC50 and LC90 of M. communis essential oil were calculated as 26.1 and 46.2 μg/mL, resp. The larvicide activity of nanoemulsion increased by 40% compared to the bulk essential oil. The nanoemulsion′s larvicide activity (100%) lasted up to 3 days, while the essential oil had larvicide properties only for up to 24 h. Myrtus communis essential oil was found to be an effective larvicide and classified as an active larvicide. The residual efficacy of the nanoformulation of M. communis significantly increased compared with the bulk essential oil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Related Products of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Related Products of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and Characterization of an Antibacterial Hydrogel Containing Covalently Bound Vancomycin was written by Lakes, Andrew L.;Peyyala, Rebecca;Ebersole, Jeffrey L.;Puleo, David. A.;Hilt, J. Zach;Dziubla, Thomas D.. And the article was included in Biomacromolecules in 2014.Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

The release of freely loaded small mols. from biomaterials often exhibits an initial burst, inhibiting the ability of these materials to match drug release with the biomaterial’s degradation period. In terms of antibiotic release systems, the remaining vehicle may become a substrate for colonization by bacterial biofilms once the payload is depleted, which can become life threatening. Secondary surgeries are typically performed to remove these empty depots as a means of preventing this type of infection. To maintain the effectiveness of a locally delivered antibiotic without the drawback of a second surgery, we propose a hydrogel drug delivery system in which the drug release rate of vancomycin and degradation rate of the hydrogel are linked via covalent incorporation of vancomycin in the hydrogel backbone. This was achieved through coupling PEG based monomer with vancomycin to create poly(β-amino ester) chem. and verified through drug release and matrix degradation studies. Antibiotic release and material degradation were tunable via hydrophobic/hydrophilic content of the hydrogel matrix and extended up to 3 wk in PBS sink conditions. Covalent addition of vancomycin to the hydrogel polymer backbone was verified through mass spectroscopy and HPLC peak addition, as well as radiotracing of collected HPLC fractions. Bioactivity of released vancomycin was also confirmed alongside the resulting antimicrobial activity of the reacted vancomycin releasate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts