Month: February 2023

Resveratrol and related stilbene derivatives induce stress granules with distinct clearance kinetics was written by Amen, Triana;Guihur, Anthony;Zelent, Christina;Ursache, Robertas;Wilting, Joerg;Kaganovich, Daniel. And the article was included in Molecular Biology of the Cell in 2021.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Stress granules (SGs) are ribonucleoprotein functional condensates that form under stress conditions in all eukaryotic cells. Although their stress-survival function is far from clear, SGs have been implicated in the regulation of many vital cellular pathways. Consequently, SG dysfunction is thought to be a mechanistic point of origin for many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Addnl., SGs are thought to play a role in pathogenic pathways as diverse as viral infection and chemotherapy resistance. There is a growing consensus on the hypothesis that understanding the mechanistic regulation of SG phys. properties is essential to understanding their function. Although the internal dynamics and condensation mechanisms of SGs have been broadly investigated, there have been fewer investigations into the timing of SG formation and clearance in live cells. Because the lifetime of SG persistence can be a key factor in their function and tendency toward pathol. dysregulation, SG clearance mechanisms deserve particular attention. Here we show that resveratrol and its analogs piceatannol, pterostilbene, and 3,4,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene induce G3BP-dependent SG formation with atypically rapid clearance kinetics. Resveratrol binds to G3BP, thereby reducing its protein-protein association valency. We suggest that altering G3BP valency is a pathway for the formation of uniquely transient SGs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Proton-ligand stability constants of substituted ortho-hydroxyacetophenones and ortho-hydroxypropiophenones was written by Kamat, P. V.;Datar, M. G.. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 1970.Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone This article mentions the following:

Proton-ligand stability constant of substituted o-hydroxyacetophenones and o-hydroxypropiophenones were determined at 30° by a potentiometric method by the Bjerrum-Calvin titration technique at constant ionic strength ∼0.1M NaClO4. Correlation between the effect and the position of substituents in the benzene nucleus is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Acrylamide formation and aroma evaluation of fried pepper sauce under different exogenous Maillard reaction conditions was written by Song, Yuting;Ding, Zhuhong;Peng, Yuzhu;Wang, JiaYing;Zhang, Ting;Yu, Yihong;Wang, Yi. And the article was included in Food Chemistry: X in 2022.Product Details of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

To explore the impact of the Maillard reaction on fried pepper sauce (FPS) flavor and safety quality, acrylamide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in FPS. Acrylamide was detected in 10 Maillard treated groups and a total of 110 VOCs were identified, mainly aldehydes, ketones, alcs., acids, etc., but the content of each group differed. Partial least squares discriminant anal. showed that acrylamide in white sugar-sodium glutamate group and xylose-soy peptide group processing accumulated most acrylamide and least VOCs; Lactose-glycine, lactose-cysteine, lactose-soy peptide, and white sugar-glycine groups were pos. correlated with typical Maillard reaction product (2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-One); Xylose-glycine, xylose-cysteine, and white sugar-cysteine groups were weakly correlated with typical products, but pos. correlated with most VOCs, whereas white sugar-cysteine group lipids showed high oxidation levels. Although white sugar-soy peptide group is not harmful on acrylamide, it has little correlation with VOCs with large responses. Conventional excipient group aroma is relatively simple with a fresh fatty taste, whereas xylose-glycine, xylose-cysteine, xylose-soy peptide, lactose-glycine, and white sugar-cysteine groups all present basic fresh and fatty tastes; lactose-cysteine group has a fruity base note; and lactose-soybean peptide, white sugar-glycine, and white sugar-soybean peptide groups have a fruity base note on an unpleasant fatty aroma. Therefore, processing different exogenous Maillard reaction substrates can achieve FPS aroma regulation and reduce acrylamide harm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Product Details of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats was written by Shelton, Keith L.;Nicholson, Katherine L.. And the article was included in Psychopharmacology (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Rapidly evolving e-cigarette technol. developed for self-administering nicotine aerosol has the potential to be utilized to self-administer other aerosolized drugs of abuse. Rodent models which mirror characteristics of human e-cigarette use are necessary to explore the degree to which this may be a public health concern. Our goal was to develop a highly translational model of discrete nose-only aerosol puff drug delivery to explore the reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosols in rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to perform a multiple schedule FR1 lever-press, 4-s (second) nose hold operant during which the subjects orofacial areas were exposed to drug-free glycerol/propylene glycol aerosol produced by a com. e-cigarette at a power setting of 18 W. Each completed 4-s drug-free vehicle aerosol exposure resulted in a 3-s presentation of a 0.1-mL dipper of sweetened milk solution After training, rats were then allowed to self-administer 4-s nose-only puffs of fentanyl (100-6000 μg/mL) or sufentanil (30-500 μg/mL) aerosol in the absence of paired milk dipper reinforcers. All 31 rats learned the lever-press/nose-poke multiple schedule for milk dippers alone and 25 accepted exposure to 4 s of 18 W of drug-free vehicle aerosol when paired with milk dipper presentations. In the absence of paired milk dipper presentations, fentanyl aerosol puffs at concentrations of 1000 and 3000 μg/mL as well as 100 μg/mL puffs of sufentanil served as reinforcers compared to both air puffs and drug-free vehicle aerosol puffs. There were no significant differences between males and females in number of fentanyl or sufentanil puffs self-administered. Discrete nose-only puffs of two potent opioids under exposure conditions comparable to puff durations in human e-cigarette users serve as reinforcers in rats. This outcome suggests that under appropriate conditions e-cigarettes might be a potential alternative delivery mechanism for illicit opioids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles with controllable drug loading and release through a simple assembly approach was written by Fang, Chen;Kievit, Forrest M.;Veiseh, Omid;Stephen, Zachary R.;Wang, Tingzhong;Lee, Donghoon;Ellenbogen, Richard G.;Zhang, Miqin. And the article was included in Journal of Controlled Release in 2012.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics promises to improve drug delivery safety and efficacy. However, fabrication of consistent theranostic nanoparticles with high and controllable drug loading remains a challenge, primarily due to the cumbersome, multi-step synthesis processes conventionally applied. Here, we present a simple and highly controllable method for assembly of theranostic nanoparticles, which may greatly reduce batch-to-batch variation. The major components of this nanoparticle system include a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), a biodegradable and pH-sensitive poly (beta-amino ester) (PBAE) copolymer, a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here the polymer pre-loaded with drug is directly assembled to the surface of SPIONs forming a drug loaded nanoparticle (NP-DOX). NP-DOX demonstrated a high drug loading efficiency of 679 μg DOX per mg iron, sustained stability in cell culture media up to 7 days, and a strong r₂ relaxivity of 146 mM^-1·s^-1 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The drug release anal. of NP-DOX showed fast DOX release at pH 5.5 and 6.4 (as in endosomal environment) and slow release at pH 7.4 (physiol. condition), demonstrating pH-sensitive drug release kinetics. In vitro evaluation of NP-DOX efficacy using drug-resistant C6 glioma cells showed a 300% increase in cellular internalization at 24 h post-treatment and 65% reduction of IC50 at 72 h post-treatment when compared to free DOX. These nanoparticles could serve as a foundation for building smart theranostic formulations for sensitive detection through MRI and effective treatment of cancer by controlled drug release. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Unsymmetrical triazolylnaphthyridinylpyridine bridged highly active copper complexes supported on reduced graphene oxide and their application in water was written by Hu, Wenkang;Zhang, Yilin;Zhu, Haiyan;Ye, Dongdong;Wang, Dawei. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2019.Reference of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

A novel unsym. triazolylnaphthyridinylpyridine ligand was designed and synthesized, and employed in the synthesis of a heterogeneous copper complex on reduced graphene oxide. The resulting copper composite was characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). This supported copper catalyst containing unsym. triazolylnaphthyridinylpyridine (only 0.1 mol%) showed excellent catalytic activity in water with good recyclability. Various functionalized quinoline derivatives were successfully synthesized in high yields through the green strategy in water. Other heterocyclic compounds, such as pyridine, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline, 1,8-naphthyridine, 5,6-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b][1,8]naphthyridine and 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives, were achieved in water with >80% yields. Mechanism studies revealed that this transformation occurs via dehydrogenation, condensation, and transfer hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes which was supported by a deuterium labeling experiment In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Reference of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols catalyzed by copper complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline-derived ligands was written by Das, Oindrila;Paine, Tapan Kanti. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2012.Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

Five copper complexes [(L¹)₂Cu(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ (1), [(L¹)Cu(H₂O)₃](ClO₄)₂ (1a), [(L³)₂Cu(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ (2), [(L⁵)₂Cu(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ (3) and [(L⁶)₂Cu](ClO₄) (4) (where L¹ = 1,10-phenanthroline, L³ = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, L⁵ = 1,10-phenanthrolinefuroxan and L⁶ = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolinefuroxan), and in situ prepared copper complexes of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (L²) or 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedione (L⁴) were used for aerial oxidation of primary alcs. to the corresponding aldehydes under ambient conditions. The copper catalysts have been found to catalyze a series of primary alcs. including one secondary alc. with moderate turnover numbers and selectivity towards primary alcs. Copper(ii) complexes 1 (or 1a) and 2 were found to be the better catalysts among all other systems explored in this study. A copper(ii)-superoxo species is implicated to initiate the oxidation reaction. Structural and electronic factors of 1,10-phenanthroline-based ligands affecting the catalytic results for aerial oxidation of alcs. are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fluorescent Polystyrene Microbeads as Invisible Security Ink and Optical Vapor Sensor for 4-Nitrotoluene was written by Sonawane, Swapnil L.;Asha, S. K.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2016.SDS of cas: 4074-88-8 This article mentions the following:

Color-tunable solid-state emitting polystyrene (PS) microbeads were developed by dispersion polymerization, which showed excellent fluorescent security ink characteristics along with sensitive detection of vapors of nitro aromatics like 4-nitro toluene (4-NT). The fluorophores pyrene and perylenebisimide were incorporated into the PS backbone as acrylate monomer and acrylate cross-linker, resp. Solid state quantum yields of 94 and 20% were observed for the pyrene and perylenebisimide, resp., in the PS/Py and PS/PBI polymers. The morphol. and solid state fluorescence was measured by SEM, fluorescence microscopy, and absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The ethanol dispersion of the polymer could be used directly as a fluorescent security “invisible” ink, which became visible only under UV light. The color of the ink could be tuned depending on the amounts of the pyrene and perylenebisimide incorporated with blue and orange-green for pyrene alone or perylenebisimide alone beads resp. and various shades in between including pure white for beads incorporating both the fluorophores. More than 80% quenching of pyrene emission was observed upon exposure of the polymer in the form of powder or as spin-coated films to the vapors of 4-NT while the emission of perylenebisimide was unaffected. The limit of detection was estimated at 10^-5 moles (2.7 ppm) of 4-NT vapors. The ease of synthesis of the material along with its invisible ink characteristics and nitro aromatic vapor detection opens up new opportunities for exploring the application of these PS-based materials as optical sensors and fluorescent ink for security purposes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8SDS of cas: 4074-88-8).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 4074-88-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reductive Electrophotocatalysis: Merging Electricity and Light To Achieve Extreme Reduction Potentials was written by Kim, Hyunwoo;Kim, Hyungjun;Lambert, Tristan H.;Lin, Song. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.SDS of cas: 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

We describe a new electrophotocatalytic strategy that harnesses the power of light and electricity to generate an excited radical anion with a reducing potential of -3.2 V vs SCE, which can be used to activate substrates with very high reduction potentials (E_red ≈ -1.9 to -2.9 V). The resultant aryl radicals can be engaged in various synthetically useful transformations to furnish arylboronate, arylstannane, and biaryl products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4SDS of cas: 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemoselective Activation of Diethyl Phosphonates: Modular Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Phosphonylated Scaffolds was written by Adler, Pauline;Pons, Amandine;Li, Jing;Heider, Joerg;Brutiu, Bogdan R.;Maulide, Nuno. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Phosphonates have garnered considerable attention for years owing to both their singular biol. properties and their synthetic potential. State-of-the-art methods for the preparation of mixed phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphonothioates, and phosphinates rely on harsh and poorly selective reaction conditions. We report herein a mild method for the modular preparation of phosphonylated derivatives, several of which exhibit interesting biol. activities, that is based on chemoselective activation with triflic anhydride. This procedure enables flexible and even iterative substitution with a broad range of O, S, N, and C nucleophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts