The influence of dietary beta-1,3-glucan on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidative and immune status of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Xu, Bingying;Zhang, Gangwei;Wang, Lei;Sagada, Gladstone;Zhang, Jinzhi;Shao, Qingjun. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:
Prebiotics, i.e., β-1,3-glucans are widely used immunostimulants in aquaculture. A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidative and immune status of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets with dietary β-1,3-glucan levels at 0, 0.04, 0.08. 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 g kg-1 were fed to six replicates of shrimp (initial mean weight 0.98 ± 0.02 g). The diet with 0.16 g kg-1 β-1,3-glucan significantly improved weight gain and decreased feed conversion ratio of the shrimp. Compared with shrimp fed the basal diet, protein efficiency ratio was significantly higher in the β-1,3-glucan supplemented groups. Hepatopancreatic amylase activity was significantly increased by the β-1,3-glucan supplementation. The 0.16 g kg-1 β-1,3-glucan supplemented diet significantly improved serum total superoxide dismutase activity. The lowest hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde content was observed in the 0.64 g kg-1 β-1,3-glucan group. This study suggested that appropriate inclusion level of β-1,3-glucan can improve the growth performance, feed utilization and improve the antioxidative capacity of Pacific white shrimp, with optimum supplemental level being about 0.156 g kg-1 based on the weight gain in our results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).
Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts