Month: January 2023

Detection and structural characterization of the metabolites of dihydroresveratrol in rats by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was written by Ji, Qiang-Guo;Ma, Ming-Hua;Hu, Xue-Mei;Zhang, Yi-Jun;Xu, Xiao-Hong;Nian, Hua. And the article was included in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Dihydroresveratrol has been demonstrated to possess a wide spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profiles of dihydroresveratrol in rats. The in vitro metabolism was elucidated by incubating dihydroresveratrol with rat hepatocytes for 2 h at 37°C. For in vivo metabolism, dihydroresveratrol was orally administered to rats at a single dose of 50 mg/kg and the resulting biliary and urinary samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatog. combined with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of the metabolites were proposed based on their accurate masses and their MS/MS product ions. A total of 16 metabolites including three phase I metabolites and 13 phase II metabolites were detected and structurally proposed. Among these metabolites, M6 and M14 were unambiguously identified as 3-hydroxylresveratrol and resveratrol, resp., using reference standards Dihydroresveratrol was mainly metabolized into resveratrol (M14) and a glucuronide conjugate (M12), which were excreted into urine and bile as the major metabolites. The metabolic pathways of dihydroresveratrol involved hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and methylation. The present study provided useful information with regard to the metabolic profiles of dihydroresveratrol in rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6HPLC of Formula: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of Pandanus tectorius extract as food additive on oxidative stress, immune status, and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio was written by Cheng, Chi;Park, Se Chang;Giri, Sib Sankar. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Reference of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The present study investigated the effect of Pandanus tectorius (PT) extract on Cyprinus carpio growth, antioxidant capacity, immunol. and oxidative stress, immune-related gene expression, and resistance against pathogen challenge. Fish (average weight: 12.18 ± 0.32 g) were fed with diets containing various concentration (g kg^-1) of PT extract: 0 g (basal diet), 5 g [PT5], 10 g [PT10], 20 g [PT20], and 30 g [PT30] for 8 wk. Our results revealed an increase (p < 0.05) in the final weight gain only in the PT20 (63.12 ± 1.4 g) group. Activity of liver antioxidant parameters such as catalase (CAT) (27.67 ± 1.12 U mg protein^-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (13.17 ± 0.428 U mg protein^-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GP_x) (47.14 ± 1.47 U mg protein^-1) was highest in the PT20 group. Among the serum immunol. parameters examined, lysozyme (37.45 ± 0.67 U mL-1), alternative complement pathway (133.22 ± 1.92 U mL^-1), and phagocytic activities (25.68 ± 0.93%) were high (p < 0.05) in PT20, whereas there was no significant effect on serum Ig or total protein levels, compared to the control. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be lower (p < 0.05) in the PT20 and PT30 groups than those in the control. However, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the PT20 and PT30 groups. Gene expression anal. revealed that mRNA expressions of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) genes were significantly upregulated in the PT10 – PT30 groups, except for the SOD gene in PT10. Conversely, the signalling mol. NF-κBp65 was downregulated in PT20 and PT30. Expression of Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) and hepcidin was significantly upregulated in PT20 and PT30, resp. Fish in the PT20 group exhibited highest relative post-challenge survival (70.37%) against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The results of the present study suggest that dietary supplementation of P. tectorius extract at 20 g kg^-1 can significantly improve weight gain, serum antioxidant parameters, strengthen immunity, and increase the disease resistance of C. carpio. Therefore, P. tectorius extract could be exploited for its use as a food additive in aquaculture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Reference of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The essential oil of Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. I. Acidic components was written by Lin, Yau-Tang;Wang, Kung-Tsug;Chen, Chen-Loung. And the article was included in Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Peking) in 1955.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

The essential oil (590 g.) from the root was extracted with 3 l. of 2N NaOH, saturated with CO₂, and extracted with ether to sep. phenolic compounds The ether extract was shaken with 2N CuSO₄ solution, freed from ether by evaporation, and fractionally distilled in vacuo to give a residue (I), 0.5 g. p-cresol, a fraction (II) (b₈ 90-103, 75 g.), and other fractions. II (65 g.) was shaken with saturated Cu(OAc)₂ solution and distilled to give a residue (III), 54 g. Cu complex of a new tropoloid, b₅ 88-92°, n³⁰_D 1.5126, FeCl₃ test violet, phenylurethan, m. 109-110° (from C₆H₆-petroleum ether). III gave 0.7 g. bright-green crystals, decolorized at 245-8° without melting. I was treated with EtOH and Cu complexes of α- (IV) and β-thujaplicin were obtained from sparingly and easily soluble portions, resp. IV (0.4 g.), m. 233-5° (from CHCl₃-EtOH (1:1)), green needles, was treated with dilute H₂SO₄ to give α-thujaplicin, m. 33-4°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Synthetic Route of C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrogen-bond-assisted transition-metal-free catalytic transformation of amides to esters was written by Huang, Changyu;Li, Jinpeng;Wang, Jiaquan;Zheng, Qingshu;Li, Zhenhua;Tu, Tao. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A transition-metal-free hydrogen-bond-assisted esterification of amides RC(O)R¹ (R = Ph, pyridin-4-yl, furan-2-yl, etc.; R¹ = N-benzyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino, amino, piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydro-indol-1-yl, etc.), (4-benzoyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl-methanone with only catalytic amount of base was developed. The proposed crucial role of hydrogen bonding for assisting esterification was supported by control experiments, d. functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic studies. Besides, broad substrate scopes and excellent functional groups tolerance, this base-catalyzed protocol complements the conventional transition-metal-catalyzed esterification of amides and provides a new pathway to catalytic cleavage of amide C-N bonds for organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical composition, pharmaceutical potential and toxicity of the essential oils extracted from the leaves, fruits and barks of Pistaciaatlantica was written by Zerkani, Hannou;Amalich, Smail;Tagnaout, Imane;Bouharroud, Rachid;Zair, Touriya. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology in 2022.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

In the framework of the contribution to the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants, we have performed a chem. and pharmacol. study of the EO of different organs of P. atlantica. Then, we have studied their toxicity towards crop pests. The extraction of the EO performed by the hydrodistillation gives EO yields of the order of 0.52 ± 0.36%, 0.46 ± 0.24% and 0.31 ± 0.15% for the leaves, fruits and barks, resp. The chem. composition of the EO of this plant is diverse. The EO of the leaves and fruits of P. atlantica are dominated by terpinen-4-ol with percentages of 24.88% and 29.07%, resp. While, the EO of bark is dominated by α-pinene 14.61%. The evaluation in vitro of the antioxidant activity performed by DPPH and FRAP methods show that the EO of the leaves has a significant antioxidant power than those of the fruits and barks. The antimicrobial activity of the EO shows that all the tested microbial strains are sensitive to the EO of the leaves. While, the EO of the fruit exhibits an activity against the fungal strains. For the study of the toxicity of the EO of the organs of P. atlantica towards the C. capitata and the T. absoluta, we have noticed that the tested EO proved a clear insecticidal action on the larvae of T. absoluta and on adults of C. capitata. It is worth wile to mention that the studied plant can be considered as a promising source of antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and biopesticides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Population-based in vitro hazard and concentration-response assessment of chemicals: the 1000 genomes high-throughput screening study was written by Abdo, Nour;Xia, Menghang;Brown, Chad C.;Kosyk, Oksana;Huang, Ruili;Sakamuru, Srilatha;Zhou, Yi-Hui;Jack, John R.;Gallins, Paul;Xia, Kai;Li, Yun;Chiu, Weihsueh A.;Motsinger-Reif, Alison A.;Austin, Christopher P.;Tice, Raymond R.;Rusyn, Ivan;Wright, Fred A.. And the article was included in Environmental Health Perspectives in 2015.Computed Properties of C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

Background: Understanding of human variation in toxicity to environmental chems. remains limited, so human health risk assessments still largely rely on a generic 10-fold factor (101/2 each for toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics) to account for sensitive individuals or subpopulations. Objectives: We tested a hypothesis that population-wide in vitro cytotoxicity screening can rapidly inform both the magnitude of and mol. causes for interindividual toxicodynamic variability. Methods: We used 1086 lymphoblastoid cell lines from the 1000 Genomes Project, representing nine populations from five continents, to assess variation in cytotoxic response to 179 chems. Anal. included assessments of population variation and heritability, and genome-wide association mapping, with attention to phenotypic relevance to human exposures. Results: For about half the tested compounds, cytotoxic response in the 1% most “sensitive” individual occurred at concentrations within a factor of 101/2 (i.e., approx. 3) of that in the median individual; however, for some compounds, this factor was > 10. Genetic mapping suggested important roles for variation in membrane and transmembrane genes, with a number of chems. showing association with SNP rs13120371 in the solute carrier SLC7A11, previously implicated in chemoresistance. Conclusions: This exptl. approach fills critical gaps unaddressed by recent large-scale toxicity testing programs, providing quant., exptl. based estimates of human toxicodynamic variability, and also testable hypotheses about mechanisms contributing to interindividual variation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Computed Properties of C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of inhalation toxicity of cigarette smoke and aerosols from flavor mixtures: 5-week study in A/J mice was written by Wong, Ee Tsin;Luettich, Karsta;Cammack, Lydia;Chua, Chin Suan;Sciuscio, David;Merg, Celine;Corciulo, Maica;Piault, Romain;Ashutosh, Kumar;Smith, Cameron;Leroy, Patrice;Moine, Fabian;Glabasnia, Anneke;Diana, Pierrick;Chia, Cecilia;Tung, Ching Keong;Ivanov, Nikolai;Hoeng, Julia;Peitsch, Manuel;Lee, Kyeonghee Monica;Vanscheeuwijck, Patrick. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Toxicology in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Most flavors used in e-liquids are generally recognized as safe for oral consumption, but their potential effects when inhaled are not well characterized. In vivo inhalation studies of flavor ingredients in e-liquids are scarce. A structure-based grouping approach was used to select 38 flavor group representatives (FGR) on the basis of known and in silico-predicted toxicol. data. These FGRs were combined to create prototype e-liquid formulations and tested against cigarette smoke (CS) in a 5-wk inhalation study. Female A/J mice were whole-body exposed for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 5 wk to air, mainstream CS, or aerosols from (1) test formulations containing propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerol (VG), nicotine (N; 2% weight/weight), and flavor (F) mixtures at low (4.6% weight/weight), medium (9.3% weight/weight), or high (18.6% weight/weight) concentration or (2) base formulation (PG/VG/N). Male A/J mice were exposed to air, PG/VG/N, or PG/VG/N/F-high under the same exposure regimen. There were no significant mortality or in-life clin. findings in the treatment groups, with only transient weight loss during the early exposure adaptation period. While exposure to flavor aerosols did not cause notable lung inflammation, it caused only minimal adaptive changes in the larynx and nasal epithelia. In contrast, exposure to CS resulted in lung inflammation and moderate-to-severe changes in the epithelia of the nose, larynx, and trachea. In summary, the study evaluates an approach for assessing the inhalation toxicity potential of flavor mixtures, thereby informing the selection of flavor exposure concentrations (up to 18.6%) for a future chronic inhalation study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of type and concentration of nanoclay on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of bis- GMA/TTEGDMA dental resins was written by Encalada-Alayola, J. J.;Veranes-Pantoja, Y.;Uribe-Calderon, J. A.;Cauich-Rodriguez, J. V.;Cervantes-Uc, J. M.. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2020.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Bis-GMA/TTEGDMA-based resin composites were prepared with two different types of nanoclays: an organically modified laminar clay (Cloisite 30B, montmorillonite, MMT) and a microfibrous clay (palygorskite, PLG). Their physicochem. and mech. properties were then determined Both MMT and PLG nanoclays were added into monomer mixture (1:1 ratio) at different loading levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weight%), and the resulting composites were characterized by SEM (SEM), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), dynamic mech. anal. (DMA) and mech. testing (bending and compressive properties). Thermal properties, depth of cure and water absorption were not greatly affected by the type of nanoclay, while the mech. properties of dental resin composites depended on both the variety and concentration of nanoclay. In this regard, composites containing MMT displayed higher mech. strength (both flexural and compression) than those resins prepared with PLG due to a poor nanoclay dispersion as revealed by SEM. Solubility of the composites was dependent not only on nanoclay-type but also the mineral concentration Dental composites fulfilled the min. depth cure and solubility criteria set by the ISO 4049 standard In contrast, the min. bending strength (50 MPa) established by the international standard was only satisfied by the dental resins containing MMT. Based on these results, composites containing either MMT or PLG are potentially suitable for use in dental restorative resins, although those prepared with MMT displayed better results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The discovery and development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for clinical practice was written by Maximov, Philipp Y.;Lee, Theresa M.;Jordan, V. Craig. And the article was included in Current Clinical Pharmacology in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally different compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs as estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. These drugs have been intensively studied over the past decade and have proven to be a highly versatile group for the treatment of different conditions associated with postmenopausal women’s health, including hormone responsive cancer and osteoporosis. Tamoxifen, a failed contraceptive is currently used to treat all stages of breast cancer, chemoprevention in women at high risk for breast cancer and also has beneficial effects on bone mineral d. and serum lipids in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene, a failed breast cancer drug, is the only SERM approved internationally for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. However, although these SERMs have many benefits, they also have some potentially serious adverse effects, such as thromboembolic disorders and, in the case of tamoxifen, uterine cancer. These adverse effects represent a major concern given that long-term therapy is required to prevent osteoporosis or prevent and treat breast cancer. The search for the ‘ideal’ SERM, which would have estrogenic effects on bone and serum lipids, neutral effects on the uterus, and antiestrogenic effects on breast tissue, but none of the adverse effects associated with current therapies, is currently under way. Ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene and arzoxifene, which are new SERM mols. with potentially greater efficacy and potency than previous SERMs, have been investigated for use in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. These drugs have been shown to be comparably effective to conventional hormone replacement therapy in animal models, with potential indications for an improved safety profile. Clin. efficacy data from ongoing phase III trials are available or are awaited for each SERM so that a true understanding of the therapeutic potential of these compounds can be obtained. In this article, we describe the discovery and development of the group of medicines called SERMs. The newer SERMs in late development: ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene, are arzoxifene are described in detail. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biotin and Zn²⁺ Increase Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis was written by Muneeswaran, Gurusamy;Patel, Sanjay K. S.;Kondaveeti, Sanath;Shanmugam, Ramasamy;Gopinath, Krishnasamy;Kumar, Virendra;Kim, Sang-Yong;Lee, Jung-Kul;Kalia, Vipin Chandra;Kim, In-Won. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Microbiology in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the medium requirements to increase the production of xylitol by using Candida tropicalis (CT) have been investigated. The technique of single addition or omission of medium components was applied to determine the nutritional requirements. The addition of amino acids such as Asp, Glu, Gln, Asn, Thr, and Gly had no significant effect on CT growth. However, in the absence of other metal ions, there was a higher concentration of cell growth and xylitol production when only Zn2+ was present in the medium. The anal. of various vitamins unveiled that biotin and thiamine were the only vitamins required for the growth of CT. Surprisingly, when only biotin was present in the medium as a vitamin, there was less growth of CT than when the medium was complete, but the amount of xylitol released was significantly higher. Overall, this study will increase the xylitol production using the single omission or addtion technique. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts