Month: January 2023

Enhanced stability and controlled release of menthol using a β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework was written by Hu, Ziman;Shao, Miao;Zhang, Bin;Fu, Xiong;Huang, Qiang. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Menthol inclusion complexes (ICs) have addressed a range of opportunities in food applications due to their volatile resistance. However, previous protocols used for their synthesis give low yields and high industrial application costs. In the present investigation, metal-organic frameworks based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-MOF) have been prepared for the mol. encapsulation of menthol. Menthol/β-CD-MOF-IC was synthesized under the optimized parameters, after which release behavior was studied. In this optimized manner, a higher menthol capacity was obtained in which the menthol content and encapsulation efficiency were 27.1 and 30.6%, resp. Compared with menthol/β-CD-IC, menthol/β-CD-MOF-IC is resistant to high temperature, but sensitive to moisture. In a simulated oral release experiment, the rate of menthol release from different samples followed the order of: pure menthol > β-CD > β-CD-MOF, which can be attributed to two mechanisms: non-specific binding and site preference. We propose that β-CD-MOF can be used as a promising delivery system for aroma compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Reference of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N-Heterocyclic Carbene C,S Palladium(II) π-Allyl Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Application In Allylic Amination Reactions was written by Krishnan, Deepa;Wu, Meiyi;Chiang, Minyi;Li, Yongxin;Leung, Pak-Hing;Pullarkat, Sumod A.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

Five-membered N-heterocyclic carbene C,S Pd(II) π-allyl complexes were successfully developed from the transmetalation of carbene silver complexes and characterized. Structural analyses of these complexes revealed that the organopalladium chelates adopt a skew-envelope conformation with a trans disposition of the substituents on the metal chelate rings. Using these C,S Pd(II) π-allyl complexes as catalysts, a catalytic system for the allylic amination reaction was developed. C-N bond formations between amines and unsym. substituted allylic carbonates could be catalyzed efficiently by complex (±)-9 in a regioselective manner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2HPLC of Formula: 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Protective Effect of Piceatannol Against Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway In Vivo and Vitro was written by Wang, Lingfeng;Guo, Ying;Ye, Jiayi;Pan, Zeyue;Hu, Peihao;Zhong, Xiaoming;Qiu, Fengmei;Zhang, Danni;Huang, Zhen. And the article was included in Neurochemical Research in 2021.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Piceatannol is a natural plant-derived compound with protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) induced by oxidative stress remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate piceatannol’s antioxidation in CIRI. An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation model was used and cell viability was measured. A middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion model was used in vivo. Neurol. function, encephalisation quotient, edema, and volume of the cerebral infarction were then evaluated. The effects of piceatannol on histopathol. findings, as well as the ultrastructure of the cortex, were analyzed. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADP quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in cerebral tissue was detected using reverse transcription quant. polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Our results demonstrated that cell viability in the piceatannol groups was increased. The SOD, GSH-Px activities were increased as LDH activity and MDA content decreased in the piceatannol groups both in vitro and in vivo, reflecting a decrease in oxidative stress. The neurol. severity score and infarction volume in the piceatannol groups at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg were lower than those of the model group. Furthermore, the damage seen on histopathol. examination was partially attenuated by piceatannol. RT-qPCR and western blot anal. indicated that the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 were significantly increased by piceatannol. The results of the study demonstrate that piceatannol exerts a protective effect against CIRI. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple synthesis of 7-formylindole was written by Uchil, Vinod;Gund, Machhindra;Satyam, Apparao. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2006.Quality Control of (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A simple route to 7-formylindole is described in which appropriately functionalized o-nitrotoluenes are converted to 7-hydroxymethylindole (I) using the Batcho-Leimgruber process. Condensation of 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzyl alc. with N,N-dimethylformamide di-Me acetal yields the enamine, which upon catalytic hydrogenation affords I in 22% yield. When the hydroxyl function in functionalized o-nitrotoluenes is protected with pivaloyl or tetrahydropyranyl group, the yields of I are increased to 39% and 48%, resp. Finally, I is oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) to afford 7-formylindole in 86% yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Quality Control of (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A rapid and practical catalytic esterification for the preparation of caffeic acid esters was written by Xie, Dongsheng;Yang, Fengzhi;Xie, Jin;Zhang, Man;Liu, Wenlu;Fu, Lei. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research in 2014.Name: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A convenient and practical catalytic method for the preparation of caffeic acid esters is reported. This esterification was carried out with high efficiency in the presence of ytterbium triflate in nitromethane without any other auxiliary reagents. The wide scope of application and especially the higher reactivity and more convenient procedure than previous methods make it a valuable application for the synthesis of caffeic acid esters and other cinnamic acid esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Name: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation of 3-azetidinols with non-bulky 1-alkyl substituents was written by Higgins, Robert H.;Eaton, Quentin L.;Worth, Leroy Jr.;Peterson, Myra V.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1987.SDS of cas: 111043-48-2 This article mentions the following:

Condensation of (ClCH₂)₂CHOR (R = tetrahydropyranyl, Me₃Si) with R¹NH₂ (R¹ = Me, Et, Me₂CH, Me₃C, 3-MeOC₆H₄CH₂, 4-R²C₆H₄CH₂, R² = H, F, Me, MeO), followed by acid hydrolysis gave azetidinols I (R = H) in 0-26% yields. Silylation of R¹NHCH(OH)CH₂Cl with AcNHSiMe₃, followed by cyclization gave siloxyazetidines I (R = Me₃Si) in 16-59% yields. Desilylation of I (R = Me₃Si) with dilute HCl or catalytic NaOMe in MeOH gave I (R = H) in 57-95% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-1-methylazetidine (cas: 111043-48-2SDS of cas: 111043-48-2).

3-Hydroxy-1-methylazetidine (cas: 111043-48-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 111043-48-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of insecticidal activity of Lavandula coronopifolia essential oil against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann. (Diptera: Tephritidae) was written by Ouarhach, Aicha;Ait Said, Loubna;Aboussaid, Houda;Ghalbane, Ichrak;El Messoussi, Said;Romane, Abderrahmane. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany in 2022.Product Details of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

The present investigation was aimed to assess the toxicity of Lavandula coronopifolia (Lamiaceae) essential oil (EO) against adult Mediterranean fruit fly. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae) is one of the most destructive fruit pests in Morocco. Essential oil was extracted from leaves of lavender (L. coronopifolia) by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main compound is carvacrol (48.9%) followed by E-caryophyllene (10.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.7%). The EO was examined in the laboratory for 7 days to assess their activity against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults by ingestion toxicity. We also conducted oviposition bioassay in the laboratory, testing the oviposition deterrence of essential oils. The oil showed 75% mortality of adults at the concentration of 150μl/g after 24 h of exposure. Great differences in insect mortality were observed depending on the sex of the insects, oil concentrations and exposure time. The ingestion toxicity potential of L. coronopifolia on adults was higher (LC 50 = 86.34μl/g, LC 95 = 236.07μl/g) and also, deterred significantly the oviposition by C. capitata, reducing the number of eggs laid by about 94% compared with the controls for the concentration of 55μl/g. The results suggested that L. coronopifolia EOs may have potential as a control agent against this major stored product insect. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Product Details of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Near-Zero Hysteresis Ionic Conductive Elastomers with Long-Term Stability for Sensing Applications was written by Borayek, Ramadan;Foroughi, Firoozeh;Xin, Xu;Mohamed, Ayman Mahmoud;Abdelrahman, Mahmoud M.;Zedan, Mostafa;Zhang, Danwei;Ding, Jun. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.Computed Properties of C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Soft conductive elastomers with low hysteresis over a wide range of stretchability are desirable in various applications. Such applications include soft sensors with a long measurement range, motion recognition, and electronic skin, just to name a few. Even though the measurement capability of the sensors based on soft materials has been greatly improved compared to the traditional ones in recent years, hysteresis in the loading and unloading states has limited the applications of these sensors, thereby neg. affecting their accuracy and reliability. In this work, conductive elastomers with near-zero hysteresis have been formulated and fabricated using 3D printing. These elastomers are made by combining highly stretchable dielec. elastomer formulations with a polar hydrophobic ionic liquid and polymerizing under UV light. High-performance piezoresistive sensors have been fabricated and characterized, with a 10-fold stretchability and low hysteresis (1.2%) over long-term stability (more than 10 000 cycles under cyclic stress) with a 20 ms response time. Addnl., the current elastomers displayed fast mech. and elec. self-healing properties. Using 3D printing in conjunction with some of our structural innovations, we have fabricated smart gloves to show this material’s wide range of applications in soft robots, motion detection, wearable devices, and medical care. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Computed Properties of C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Computed Properties of C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Empirical Analysis Revealing Privileged Chemical Space of Cosmetic Preservatives was written by Storz, Michael P.;Holsten, Lea. And the article was included in Cosmetics in 2021.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Most cosmetic products require preservation to prevent microbial contamination and to ensure consumer safety. Due to regulatory restrictions and rejection by consumers, preservative options have become limited and the development of novel solutions is needed. This search can be guided by knowledge about favorable chem. space for cosmetic preservatives. Therefore, we used preservatives allowed in the EU as training set and calculated various mol. properties. Empirical anal. revealed two separated areas of privileged chem. space with the net charge as distinctive property. The first area comprises the group of neutral and anionic preservatives and is characterized by low mol. size as well as limited hydrogen-bonding capacity, polarity, and flexibility. The second area includes cationic preservatives, which are rather diffusely distributed regarding mol. weight and hydrogen-bonding, however, all members share high flexibility. Both groups significantly differ from antibiotics, reflecting the specific requirement of cosmetic preservation. The mol. properties defining the privileged chem. space are easy to calculate, and thus, can provide guidance for the development of novel preservatives. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Investigation of the thermal decomposition of some calcium salts used in medicine was written by Wesolowski, M.;Konarski, T.. And the article was included in Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw) in 1996.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

The thermal decomposition of several calcium salts of organic acids used in medicine, lactate pentahydrate, gluconate hydrate, lactogluconate, pantothenate, cyclobarbital and cardiamid trihydrate was investigated. Sample weights were from 20 to 200 mg, and the heating rate was from 3 to 15 K min^-1. The thermal decomposition of calcium salts occurred via several stages. The stages of dehydration of hydrates and of decarboxylation of calcium carbonate are distinctly marked on the thermoanal. curves, which may be used for the control of composition of the studied compounds The ranges of temperature, in which the analyzed compounds can be transformed without any change of their physicochem. properties, were established. A possibility of application of the Kissinger’s equation for calculating the parameters of the decomposition kinetics was indicated as well. For chemometric evaluation of the results, the principal component anal. (PCA) was applied. By this method the influence of heating rate and sample size on the thermal decomposition of the compounds was determined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts