Month: January 2023

Rational Optimization of Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Versatile Polyethers via Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides was written by Qi, Huan;Xie, Rui;Yang, Guan-Wen;Zhang, Yao-Yao;Xu, Cheng-Kai;Wang, Yuhui;Wu, Guang-Peng. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.SDS of cas: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium borane bifunctional catalysts have shown high catalytic performance in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides to produce polyether. Herein, we systematically investigate a series of well-defined organoboron catalysts by varying the electronic and steric properties of the Lewis acidic boron (B) centers, manipulating the steric hindrance on the ammonium cation (N⁺), adjusting the distance between B and N⁺, and regulating the nucleic B number of the catalysts. The investigation on the dinuclear catalysts indicated that the reactivity of a given catalyst could be speculated by its B-N-B angle and the B···B distance. We found that the increase of Lewis acidity and the number of B centers of the organoboron catalysts are useful for a high catalytic activity for ROP of epoxides. The Lewis acidity of the B centers was determined using the acceptor numbers, showing an order of borinane (23.4) > BBN (21.7) > BCy₂ (18.8) > Bpin (15.5). Moreover, we demonstrated the production of various telechelic polyols in the presence of different chain transfer agents using the organoboron catalysts. The produced telechelic samples have a well-defined terminal functionality with controllable mol. weight Lastly, these organoboron catalysts were utilized to produce block copolymers, allyl-terminated macromonomers, and random copolymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6SDS of cas: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Environmental risk assessment of inter-well partitioning tracer compounds shortlisted for the offshore oil and gas industry was written by Vora, Mehul;Gamlem Njau, John-Sigvard;Sanni, Steinar;Flage, Roger. And the article was included in Energy Exploration & Exploitation in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Quantifying residual oil saturation (SOR) in the inter-well region of oil and gas reservoirs is key for successfully implementing EOR solutions Partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs) has become a common method for quantifying SOR. A new group of seven chems. – pyridine, 2,3-di-Me pyrazine, 2,6-di-Me pyrazine, 4-methoxybenzyl alc., 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-chlorobenzyl alc., and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl alc. – have been proposed as potential partitioning tracers for quantifying SOR. Using these tracers can lead to their environmental release in the marine environment through produced water discharges, with currently limited knowledge on impacts in the marine ecosystem. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the environmental risk of discharging the tracer compounds in the marine environment. We investigated the fate and effect of these tracers in the marine environment. Biodegradability in seawater was measured to understand the fate of tracers in the marine environment. The acute toxicity of tracers was measured in terms of the percent cell viability of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) and growth inhibition of the algae Skeletonema costatum. The ecotoxicol. information obtained from these experiments was used in the dynamic risk and effects assessment model (DREAM) to calculate the tracers contribution to the environmental impact factor (EIF). The results from the DREAM simulations suggest no contribution towards EIF values from any of the tracers at the expected back-produced concentrations Results from simulations at higher concentrations suggest that both pyrazines have the lowest environmental risk, followed by 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-methoxybenzyl alc., and pyridine; while both chlorobenzyl alcs. show the highest environmental risk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetic characterization of novel HIV-1 entry inhibitors: discovery of a relationship between off-rate and potency was written by Meuser, Megan E.;Murphy, Michael B.;Rashad, Adel A.;Cocklin, Simon. And the article was included in Molecules in 2018.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol This article mentions the following:

The entry of HIV-1 into permissible cells remains an extremely attractive and underexploited therapeutic intervention point. We have previously demonstrated the ability to extend the chemotypes available for optimization in the entry inhibitor class using computational means. Here, we continue this effort, designing and testing three novel compounds with the ability to inhibit HIV-1 entry. We demonstrate that alteration of the core moiety of these entry inhibitors directly influences the potency of the compounds, despite common proximal and distal groups. Moreover, by establishing for the first time a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based interaction assay with soluble recombinant SOSIP Env trimers, we demonstrate that the off-rate (kd) parameter shows the strongest correlation with potency in an antiviral assay. Finally, we establish an underappreciated relationship between the potency of a ligand and its degree of electrostatic complementarity (EC) with its target, the Env complex. These findings not only broaden the chem. space in this inhibitor class, but also establish a rapid and simple assay to evaluate future HIV-1 entry inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification of 4-amino-2-cyclohexylaminoquinazolines as metabolically stable melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists was written by Kanuma, Kosuke;Omodera, Katsunori;Nishiguchi, Mariko;Funakoshi, Takeo;Chaki, Shigeyuki;Nagase, Yasuko;Iida, Izumi;Yamaguchi, Jun-ichi;Semple, Graeme;Tran, Thuy-Anh;Sekiguchi, Yoshinori. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Quality Control of tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

The optimization of the distance between two key pharmacophore features within our first hit compounds led to the identification of a new class of potent non-peptidic antagonists for the MCH-R1, based around 4-amino-2-cyclohexylaminoquinazolines. In particular, ATC0065, N ²-[cis-4-({2-[4-Bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethyl}amino)cyclohexyl]-N⁴,N⁴-dimethylquinazoline-2,4-diamine dihydrochloride, bound with high affinity to the MCH-R1 (IC₅₀ value of 16 nM) and showed good metabolic stability in liver microsomes from human and rat. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9Quality Control of tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Further ‘tethered’ Ru(II) catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones; the use of a benzylic linker and a cyclohexyldiamine ligand was written by Martins, Jose E. D.;Morris, David J.;Tripathi, Bhavana;Wills, Martin. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 2008.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and characterization of two new Ru(II) catalysts for the asym. transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones is described. In the case of I, the novelty lies in the use of a benzyl tethering group between the asym. ligand part (TsDPEN) and the η⁶-arene ring, which increases the complex rigidity. For II, the use of a cyclohexyldiamine as a chiral ligand is described for the first time. In the ATH of ketones in formic acid/triethylamine, alcs. with ees of up to 97% were formed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Computed Properties of C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biomass-derived polyols valorization towards glycolic acid production with high atom-economy was written by Li, Jianmei;Yang, Ruofeng;Xu, Shuguang;Zhou, Cuiqing;Xiao, Yuan;Hu, Changwei;Tsang, Daniel C. W.. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental in 2022.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Taking advantage of the inherent structure in biomass for attractive chem. synthesis with high atom economy is vital for a sustainable future but remains a great challenge. Herein, we discovered a new route for glycolic acid (GcA) synthesis using various biomass-derived polyols as feedstock with an exceptionally high atom utilization (~93%). Up to ~90 C-mol% yield of GcA could be achieved, representing the highest value among the state-of-the-art biomass valorization strategies. Strongly certified by in situ exptl. tests and multi-scale theor. calculations, it was identified that dynamical accommodation of the flexible unsaturated dangling-like Cu_cus-O bond in Cu₂O(111) to polyols drove electron transfer from polyols to Cucus, enabling the precise activation of C1-H and C2-C3 bonds. These contributions accomplished the complex cascade reactions in polyol transformation throughout chain-sugar as intermediate with notable conformation superiority, thus generating GcA selectively. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Modification of wine phenolic profiles by gibberellic acid application in Cabernet Gernischt grapevines before anthesis was written by Song, Jianqiang;Zhang, Ang;Gao, Fei;Liang, Haizhong;Li, Mingqing;Zhang, Jie;Wang, Genjie;Qu, Huige;Cheng, Shiwei;Ruan, Shili;Li, Jiming. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.Related Products of 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Gernischt grapes from the Yantai wine region of China usually form dense clusters and contain low phenolic content. We applied five concentrations (ranged from 5 to 25 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid (GA3) to Cabernet Gernischt before anthesis to decrease cluster compactness in two consecutive vintages. Yield indexes, grape maturity, and wine phenolic compounds were determined RESULTS : GA3 application significantly reduced cluster compactness, bunch weight, and yield per vine, but it did not significantly improve fruit ripening. The levels of total phenolics, total tannins, and total anthocyanins in wine were enhanced by GA3 application, with 10 and 15 mg L-1 GA3 treatments consistently producing a significant increase in the concentrations of mavidin, cyanidin, and their derivatives Specifically, trans-resveratrol was consistently significantly increased by 15 mg L-1 GA3 application. Principal component anal. of phenolic compounds demonstrated the differences among wines produced from GA3 treatment groups and the control. Overall, wine phenolic profiles could be significantly modified by application of low concentrations of GA3 before anthesis. Application of high levels of GA3 is not recommended due to significant yield decrease. 2022 Society of Chem. Industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Related Products of 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetic hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives catalyzed by L-proline modified Ir/γ-Al₂O₃ was written by Yang, Chao-fen;Yang, Jun;Zhu, Yan-qin;Sun, Xiao-dong;Chen, Hua. And the article was included in Fenzi Cuihua in 2013.COA of Formula: C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

Under the mild conditions, supported iridium catalyst stabilized and modified by L-proline was prepared The asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives catalyzed by the catalyst was studied. The effects of the concentration of L-proline, different solvents, different base additives and concentration of base, and hydrogen pressure were evaluated in detail. The results show that this catalytic system had higher activity and enantioselectivity than the supported metal catalysts which were modified by the nature chiral modifier in the reaction of asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives The conversion and the enantioselectivity for the asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone were 92.1% and 32.9%, resp. Especially, the enantioselectivity for asym. hydrogenation of 2′-fluoroacetophenone was 39.3%. The catalyst can be reused five times with a little loss of the enantioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4COA of Formula: C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Metallaphotoredox Strategy for the Cross-Electrophile Coupling of α-Chloro Carbonyls with Aryl Halides was written by Chen, Tiffany Q.;MacMillan, David W. C.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Here, we demonstrate that a metallaphotoredox-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling mechanism provides a unified method for the α-arylation of diverse activated alkyl chlorides, including α-chloroketones, α-chloroesters, α-chloroamides, α-chlorocarboxylic acids, and benzylic chlorides. This strategy, which is effective for a wide variety of aryl bromide coupling partners, is predicated upon a halogen atom abstraction/nickel radical-capture mechanism that is generically successful across an extensive range of carbonyl substrates. The construction and use of arylacetic acid products have further enabled two-step protocols for the delivery of valuable building blocks for medicinal chem., such as aryldifluoromethyl and diarylmethane motifs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4HPLC of Formula: 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of 1,8-Diaminonaphthalene (dan)-Protected Arylboronic Acids was written by Mutoh, Yuichiro;Yamamoto, Kensuke;Saito, Shinichi. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2020.COA of Formula: C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (dan)-protected arylboronic acids in the presence of KOt-Bu, which does not require the removal of the dan moiety is reported. Notably, the use of aryl-B(dan) in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction provides a complementary solution to the protodeboronation problems. The base KOt-Bu plays a crucial role for the promotion of these cross-coupling reactions as it enables the formation of a borate salt. This reaction protocol was extended to the one-pot sequential Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4-[(pin)B]C₆H₄-B(dan), wherein the “less reactive” aryl-B(dan) moiety was cross-coupled preferentially. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6COA of Formula: C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts