Month: January 2023

Photoreactive nanogels as versatile polymer networks with tunable in situ drug release kinetics was written by Escobedo, Humberto D.;Stansbury, Jeffrey W.;Nair, Devatha P.. And the article was included in Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials in 2020.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

A simple, yet powerful approach to synthesize photoreactive nanogel networks <5 nm that can swell between ∼3 and ∼200 times their initial radius with control over the size and surface charge via a solution polymerization reaction protocol was demonstrated. Nanogels with hydrodynamic radii from 0.9 nm to 3.2 nm and surface charges from -6.4 mV to -16.5 mV with dramatically different abilities to swell were synthesized by altering the solvent ratio before synthesis. Addnl., the control over the release kinetics of a small mol. over a period of 30 days was demonstrated by the methacrylate functionalization of the nanogels post-synthesis and the subsequent photo-aggregation of the nanogels. Thepotential to control the release of small mol. drugs via the concentration of photoreactive groups and the photo-induced aggregation of the nanogels offers the unique ability to tailor the in situ release kinetics of the delivery network. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Open-cell bio-polyurethane foams based on bio-polyols from used cooking oil was written by Polaczek, Krzysztof;Kuranska, Maria;Prociak, Aleksander. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Used cooking oil is a widely available and inexpensive waste with a high application potential as a feedstock for the bio-based polyurethane production Usually, bio-polyols from vegetable oils have higher viscosity and lower hydroxyl values compared to com. petrochem. polyols, which limits their usefulness. This article reports on the development of open-cell polyurethane foam systems wherein 100% of the polyol components were bio-polyols obtained from used cooking oil. What is particularly considered is the effect of bio-polyol properties (mol. weight, viscosity and hydroxyl value) on the properties of the final open-cell polyurethane systems – apparent d., thermal conductivity coefficient, content of closed cells, mech. strength, brittleness and short-term water absorption. It was found that the key step in the synthesis of bio-polyols designed for open-cell polyurethane foams is the epoxidation reaction. The epoxy value has a significant effect on the occurrence of side reactions (mainly oligomerization) during the oxirane ring-opening process determining the properties of bio-polyols. The resulting open-cell foams were characterized by apparent densities from 12.4 to 13.3 kg/m³, thermal conductivity coefficients from 36.6 to 38.2 mW/m·K, and closed cell contents below 10%, which makes them comparable to com. products. The results demonstrate that used cooking oil-based polyols can provide an alternative starting material for open-cell polyurethane foam production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tissue selectivity of ospemifene: Pharmacologic profile and clinical implications was written by Kangas, Lauri;Unkila, Mikko. And the article was included in Steroids in 2013.Product Details of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

The multifactorial consequences of menopausal estrogen deficiency affect numerous tissues throughout the body. Supplemental hormonal therapies carry the burden of a risk/benefit ratio that must be highly individualized. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are estrogen receptor (ER) agonist/antagonists designed to induce benefits comparable with estrogen while minimizing adverse effects. Here, we review the estrogen agonist/antagonist profile of ospemifene, a novel triphenylethylene derivative recently approved to treat dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) due to menopause, both preclinically and clin. Ospemifene binds ERα and ERβ with approx. equal affinities. In preclin. models, ospemifene increased vaginal and uterine epithelial thickness and mucification to the same extent as estrogen. Ospemifene did not induce endometrial hyperplasia in animal models; there also was no stimulatory effect on endometrial cells. In rat and human mammary cells in vitro, ospemifene evokes a dose-dependent inhibition on estrogen-induced cell responses and cell proliferation, supporting an antiestrogenic effect in breast. In contrast, ospemifene has an estrogenic effect on bone, as seen by improved bone mineral d., strength, mass, and histomorphometry in preclin. models, consistent with improvements in markers of bone resorption and formation in postmenopausal women. Based on the preclin. evidence, ospemifene has beneficial estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, preliminary evidence to support a neutral endometrial profile, antiproliferative effects in breast, and estrogenic effects in bone. Taken together, especially regarding estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, ospemifene presents a profile of tissue-specific effects that appear novel among available SERMs and well-suited for the treatment of VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Product Details of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Supported copper on a diamide-diacid-bridged PMO: an efficient hybrid catalyst for the cascade oxidation of benzyl alcohols/Knoevenagel condensation was written by Valiey, Ehsan;Dekamin, Mohammad G.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, a novel periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) containing diamide-diacid bridges was conveniently prepared using ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride to support Cu(II) species and affording supramol. Cu@EDTAD-PMO nanoparticles efficiently. The stabilized Cu(II) nanoparticles inside the mesochannels of the new PMO provided appropriate sites for selective oxidation of different benzyl alcs. RCH₂OH (R = Ph, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, pyridin-2-yl, etc.) to their corresponding benzaldehydes RCHO and subsequent Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. Therefore, Cu@EDTAD-PMO can be considered as a multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst, which is prepared easily through a green procedure and demonstrates appropriate stability with almost no leaching of the Cu(II) nanoparticles into the reaction medium, and easy recovery through simple filtration. The recycled Cu@EDTAD-PMO was reused up to five times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Phosphite-thioether/selenoether Ligands from Carbohydrates: An Easily Accessible Ligand Library for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Functionalized and Unfunctionalized Olefins was written by Margalef, Jessica;Borras, Carlota;Alegre, Sabina;Alberico, Elisabetta;Pamies, Oscar;Dieguez, Montserrat. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2019.Application of 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

A large family of phosphite-thioether/selenoether ligands I (L1-L24; E = S, Se; R¹ = Ph, naphthyl; R-R = substituted 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diyl, 1,1′-binaphthalen-2,2′-diyl; R²-R⁴ = H or R², R³ = Me, R⁴, R⁵ = H; R² = R⁴ = Me, R³ = R⁵ = H or R³ = R⁵ = Ph, R² = R⁴ = H) has been easily prepared from accessible L-(+)-tartaric acid and D-(+)-mannitol and applied in the M-catalyzed (M = Ir, Rh) asym. hydrogenation of a broad number of substrates (46 in total). Its highly modular architecture has been crucial to maximize the catalytic performance. Improving most of the reported approaches, this ligand family presents a broad substrate scope. By selecting the ligand parameters high enantioselectivities (ee’s up to 99%) have therefore been achieved in a broad range of both, functionalized and unfunctionalized substrates. Interestingly, both enantiomers of the hydrogenation products can be usually achieved by changing the ligand parameters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Application of 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Functionalized Cu-based metal oxide nanoparticles with enhanced Cd⁺² adsorption capacity and their ecotoxicity assessment by molecular docking was written by Kumar K, Anil;Yeshwanth, M.;Kumar B, Kusum;Panwar, Jitendra;Gupta, Suresh. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

In the present study, synthesis of eco-friendly Cu-based metal oxides nanoparticles [CuO, Cu2O, and CuO&Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs)] without and with functionalization with Diethylene glycol (DEG) has been demonstrated. The synthesized NPs were screened for their ability to adsorb multiple heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution Based on the maximum Cadmium (Cd+2) ion adsorption capacity, functionalized Cu2O (fCu2O) NPs were selected for the detailed characterization and batch studies. The average size of fCu2O NPs was found to be 57.4 ± 6.14 nm in comparison to NPs without capping (72.6 ± 5.19 nm). The exptl. parameters viz. contact time, initial pH, and initial concentration were optimized, and the obtained results were interpreted using standard isotherms and kinetic models. The maximum Cd+2 adsorption on fCu2O NPs was observed at initial solution pH 7. The adsorption of Cd+2 was found to be decreased at acidic pH due to the protonation of functional groups present on the NPs surface. A maximum Cd+2 adsorption capacity of 204 ± 6.2 mg g-1 was obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The crystal structure of NPs was prepared and docked with the protein targets of selected soil microbes in order to determine their ecotoxicity. The obtained results showed that NPs exhibited low affinity towards protein targets in comparison to the standard used. It suggests that NPs have less impact on the functionality of soil microbes and are thus safe for their disposal into the soil micro-environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Luliconazole Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: Formulation, Characterization and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation was written by Dehari, Deepa;Mehata, Abhishesh Kumar;Priya, Vishnu;Parbat, Dharmnath;Kumar, Deepak;Srivastava, Anand Kumar;Singh, Sanjay;Agrawal, Ashish Kumar. And the article was included in AAPS PharmSciTech in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Onychomycosis is the most common fungal infection of the nail affecting the skin under the fingertips and the toes. Currently, available therapy for onychomycosis includes oral and topical therapies, either alone or in combination. Oral antifungal medication has been associated with poor drug bioavailability and potential gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the luliconazole nail lacquer (LCZ-NL) for the effective treatment of onychomycosis. In the current work, LCZ-NL was formulated in combination with penetration enhancers to overcome poor penetration. A 3² full factorial formulation design of experiment (DOE) was applied for optimization of batches with consideration of dependent (drying time, viscosity, and rate of drug diffusion) and independent (solvent ratio and film former ratio) variables. The optimized formulation was selected based on drying time, viscosity, and rate of drug diffusion. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for % non-volatile content assay, smoothness of flow, water resistance, drug content, scanning electron microscope (SEM), at. force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro drug release, ex vivo transungual permeation, antifungal efficacy, and stability study. The optimized LCZ-NL contained 70:30 solvent ratio and 1:1 film former ratio and was found to have ∼ 1.79-fold higher rate of drug diffusion in comparison with LULY. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that luliconazole retains its crystalline property in the prepared formulation. Antifungal study against Trichophyton spp. showed that LCZ-NL has comparatively higher growth inhibition than LULY. Hence, developed LCZ-NL can be a promising topical drug delivery system for treating onychomycosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric metal free β-boration of α,β-unsaturated imines assisted by (S)-MeBoPhoz was written by La Cascia, Enrico;Sanz, Xavier;Bo, Carles;Whiting, Andrew;Fernandez, Elena. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Related Products of 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

The adduct [MeO → Bpin-Bpin]^– efficiently mediates the β-boration of α,β-unsaturated imines formed in situ. The use of chiral phosphines as additives, and in particular the chiral phosphine (S)-MeBoPhoz (I), enables the catalytic asym. reaction to proceed with higher enantioselectivity than the analog Cu(I) mediated reaction. Reaction of PhCH:CHC(O)CH₃/mol. sieves/THF with benzhydrylamine at room temperature followed by addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron/NaO^tBu (9 mol%)/I under Ar at 70° to give 3-(benzylamino)-1-phenylbutan-1-ol in 59% isolated yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Related Products of 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Collection of Molecular Fingerprints of Single Aerosol Particles in Air for Potential Identification and Detection Using Optical Trapping-Raman Spectroscopy was written by Alali, Haifa;Ai, Yukai;Pan, Yong-Le;Videen, Gorden;Wang, Chuji. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Characterization, identification, and detection of aerosol particles in their native atm. states remain a challenge. Recently, optical trapping-Raman spectroscopy (OT-RS) has been developed and demonstrated for characterization of single, airborne particles. Such particles in different chem. groups have been characterized by OT-RS in recent years and many more are being studied. In this work, we collected single-particle Raman spectra measured using the OT-RS technique and began construction of a library of OT-RS fingerprints that may be used as a reference for potential detection and identification of aerosol particles in the atm. We collected OT-RS fingerprints of aerosol particles from eight different categories including carbons, bioaerosols (pollens, fungi, vitamins, spores), dusts, biol. warfare agent surrogates, etc. Among the eight categories, spectral fingerprints of six groups of aerosol particles have been published previously and two other groups are new. We also discussed challenges, limitations, and advantages of using single-particle optical trapping-Raman spectroscopy for aerosol-particle characterization, identification, and detection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6HPLC of Formula: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visible light-activated ruthenium-catalyzed direct arylation at ambient temperature was written by Li, Xuan;Chen, Mengnan;Xie, Chuan;Zhang, Jing. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2022.Related Products of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

A visible light-activated ruthenium-catalyzed direct arylation of aryl C-H bonds 1-R-2-R¹-3-R²-4-R³C₆H₂ (R = 5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, isoquinolin-1-yl, 1H-indazol-1-yl, etc.; R¹ = H, OMe, Me, F; R² = H, Me, Ph, CF₃, C(O)Me, C(O)OMe; R¹ R² = -CH=CH-CH=CH-; R³ = H, Me, OMe, CF₃, Cl, C(O)OMe; R² R³ = -CH=CH-CH=CH-) with aryl (pseudo)halides R⁴X (R⁴ = Ph, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, naphthalen-2-yl, etc.; X = I, Cl, Br, OTf), which operates at ambient temperature with broad substrate scopes and excellent compatibility of functionalities was presented. The key to success of this strategy is the efficient generation of active catalytic species via photo-induced ligand dissociation The choices of the bases and solvents also have significant influence on the catalytic efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Related Products of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts