Month: January 2023

Stereoinversion of 1-arylethanols by Cyanidioschyzon merolae NEIS-1332 was written by Utsukihara, Takamitsu;Misumi, Osami;Nakajima, Koichi;Koshimura, Masahiro;Kuniyoshi, Masayuki;Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi;Horiuchi, C. Akira. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic in 2008.Synthetic Route of C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

The stereoinversion of 2-, 3-, and 4-RC₆H₄CHMeOH [I, R = F, Cl, Br, Me] using the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae was investigated. It was found that I [R = 4-Cl] gave the (S)-alc. in high ee and high yield (95%, 91% ee). On the other hand, stereoinversion of I [R = 3-Cl] occurred with moderate ee (54% ee). In the case of I [R = 2-Cl], the biotransformation did not proceed. PhCHR¹OH [R¹ = Me, Et, Pr, Bu] and cis-2-methylcyclohexanol were similarly subjected to stereoinversion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Synthetic Route of C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mechanism of the reaction of allyl amination of Pd(II) allyl complexes containing chelating pyridine-chalcogen ligands. A surprisingly low influence of the chalcogen atom was written by Canovese, Luciano;Visentin, Fabiano;Santo, Claudio;Chessa, Gavino;Uguagliati, Paolo. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2001.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The rates of amine nucleophilic attack on the allyl ligand (k₂) and the equilibrium constants (K_E) for the displacement of bidentate ligands in Pd(II) allyl complexes of chelating pyridine-chalcogen ethers [Pd(η³-allyl)(RN-XPh)]⁺ (R=H, Me; X=S, Se) are shown to depend strongly on the steric and electronic requirements of the reactants but are hardly affected by the nature of the chalcogen. Results about the reactivity and solution behavior of these systems help build up a fairly complete mechanistic picture for this important class of reactions involving coordinated allyl species. In particular the reactivity of the complexes bearing pyridine-thioether ligands is close to that of their pyridine-selenoether analogs, probably owing to a balance of σ and π capabilities of the chalcogen atom. The associative nature of the ligand displacement is markedly affected by steric requirements which depend on the allyl bulkiness. The complexes bearing the ligands with Me substituted pyridine are the more reactive, due to the destabilization of the complex ground state induced by the distortion of the starting substrate. We also describe the fluxional behavior of these species in terms of inversion of the chalcogen absolute configuration and apparent rotation of the allyl ligand. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cooperative catalysis of noncompatible catalysts through compartmentalization: Wacker oxidation and enzymatic reduction in a one-pot process in aqueous medium was written by Sato, Hirofumi;Hummel, Werner;Groeger, Harald. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2015.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A Wacker oxidation using CuCl/PdCl₂ as a catalyst system was combined with an enzymic ketone reduction to convert styrene enantioselectively into 1-phenylethanol in a one-pot process. Although the Wacker oxidation and enzymic reduction conducted in aqueous media are not compatible, the one-pot feasibility was achieved via compartmentalization of the two reactions. Conducting the Wacker oxidation in the interior of a polydimethylsiloxane thimble enabled diffusion of only the organic substrate and product into the exterior where the biotransformation takes place. Thus, the Cu ions detrimental to the enzyme are withheld from the reaction media of the biotransformation. In this one-pot process, which formally corresponds to an asym. hydration of alkenes, a range of 1-arylethanols, e.g., I, were formed with high conversions and 98-99 % ee. In addition, the catalyst system of the Wacker oxidation was recycled 15 times without significant decrease in conversion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Investigation of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of pH-sensitive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogels prepared with different crosslinking agents was written by Orakdogen, Nermin. And the article was included in Polymer Engineering & Science in 2013.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

PH-sensitive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical crosslinking polymerization using two different crosslinking agents; tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGMA) and N,N’-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BAAm). The influence of the polymerization factors such as the type of the crosslinking agent and the gel preparation concentration on the swelling behavior, the gel strength, the effective crosslinking d. and the average chain length between the crosslink points for the resulting hydrogels was investigated. The results of the equilibrium swelling measurements in water showed that the linear swelling ratio of the resulting hydrogels increases with increasing gel preparation concentration The swelling ratio of PDMAEMA hydrogels crosslinked with BAAm is larger than those for hydrogels crosslinked with TEGMA over the entire range of the polymer network concentration The hydrogels exhibit very sharp pH-sensitive phase transition in a very narrow range of pH between 7.7 and 8.0. From the mech. measurements, it was also found that the linear swelling ratio of resulting hydrogels depends on the crosslinking d. and also the type of the crosslinker used in the preparation The resulting hydrogels are thought to be good candidates for pH-sensitive drug delivery systems. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fabrication of electrospun nanofibers with moisture-triggered carvacrol release in fresh produce packaging was written by Wong, Chun Hong;Tan, Ming Yan;Li, Xu;Li, Dan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C10H14O This article mentions the following:

In this study, by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers, a moisture-controlled system was developed in the release of carvacrol to the food package headspaces. With the use of electrospinning technol., an optimized solution (80:20 [PLA:PEG] polymer mixture incorporated with a carvacrol content of 20% [weight/weight polymer]) generated nanofibers with excellent encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and controlled release of carvacrol at different humidity levels. Carvacrol was prevented from release when the fibers were kept in dry states. When placed in food packaging with high humidity levels, the nanofibers manifested high and continuous release of carvacrol into the headspace. The shelf life of strawberries determined by visual inspection was extended for 2 extra days when packaged with the optimized nanofibers and had a significantly lower yeasts and mold counts (4.28 ± 0.34 log CFU/g) compared to strawberries packaged without nanofibers (5.22 ± 0.47 log CFU/g) 3 days after applying the nanofibers (p < 0.05). Practical Application : The nanofibers with PEG content as developed in this study represent a step forward in practical application of the electrospinning technol. to enhance food quality in food preservation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Synthetic Route of C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and catalytic application of [PPP]-pincer iron, nickel and cobalt complexes for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones was written by Qi, Xinghao;Zhao, Hua;Sun, Hongjian;Li, Xiaoyan;Fuhr, Olaf;Fenske, Dieter. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2018.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A new synthetic strategy for the novel diphosphine-phosphine oxide ligand (1) (Ph₂P-(C₆H₄))₂P(O)H was designed. [PPP]-pincer Fe, Ni, and Co complexes were prepared All of them were formed by chelate-assisted P-H activation. Two metal hydrides [(Ph₂P-(C₆H₄))₂P(O)]Fe(H)(PMe₃)₂ (2) and [(Ph₂P-(C₆H₄))₂P(O)]Ni(H)(PMe₃) (3) were obtained at room temperature The combination of ligand 1 with Co(PMe₃)₄Me or Co(PMe₃)₄ afforded the same Co(I) complex [(Ph₂P-(C₆H₄))₂P(O)]Co(PMe₃)₂ (4) via P-H bond activation. The catalytic performance of the Fe, Ni, and Co complexes for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones was explored. At a catalyst loading of 2 mol%, complex 2 displayed the best catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation by using (EtO)₃SiH as the hydrogen source under mild conditions. Complexes 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by spectroscopic methods and x-ray diffraction anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bio-inspired lanthanum-ortho-quinone catalysis for aerobic alcohol oxidation: semi-quinone anionic radical as redox ligand was written by Zhang, Ruipu;Zhang, Runze;Jian, Ruijun;Zhang, Long;Zhang, Ming-Tian;Xia, Yu;Luo, Sanzhong. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Application of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Oxidation reactions are fundamental transformations in organic synthesis and chem. industry. With oxygen or air as terminal oxidant, aerobic oxidation catalysis provides the most sustainable and economic oxidation processes. Most aerobic oxidation catalysis employs redox metal as its active center. While nature provides non-redox metal strategy as in pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent methanol dehydrogenases (MDH), such an effective chem. version is unknown. Inspired by the recently discovered rare earth metal-dependent enzyme Ln-MDH (methanol dehydrogenases), this study shows that an open-shell semi-quinone anionic radical species in complexing with lanthanum could serve as a very efficient aerobic oxidation catalyst under ambient conditions. In this catalyst, the lanthanum(III) ion serves only as a Lewis acid promoter and the redox process occurs exclusively on the semiquinone ligand. The catalysis is initiated by 1e^–-reduction of lanthanum-activated ortho-quinone to a semiquinone-lanthanum complex La(SQ^-.)₂, which undergoes a coupled O-H/C-H (PCHT: proton coupled hydride transfer) dehydrogenation for aerobic oxidation of alcs. such as benzyl alc., 1,4-butane-diol, 1-(2-furyl)ethanol, etc. with up to 330 h^-1 TOF. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Application of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sulfur and methane oxidation by a single microorganism was written by Gwak, Joo-Han;Awala, Samuel Imisi;Nguyen, Ngoc-Loi;Yu, Woon-Jong;Yang, Hae-Young;von Bergen, Martin;Jehmlich, Nico;Kits, K. Dimitri;Loy, Alexander;Dunfield, Peter F.;Dahl, Christiane;Hyun, Jung-Ho;Rhee, Sung-Keun. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Natural and anthropogenic wetlands are major sources of the atm. greenhouse gas methane. Methane emissions from wetlands are mitigated by methanotrophic bacteria at the oxic-anoxic interface, a zone of intense redox cycling of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds Here, we report on the isolation of an aerobic methanotrophic bacterium, ‘Methylovirgula thiovorans’ strain HY1, which possesses metabolic capabilities never before found in any methanotroph. Most notably, strain HY1 is the first bacterium shown to aerobically oxidize both methane and reduced sulfur compounds for growth. Genomic and proteomic analyses showed that soluble methane monooxygenase and XoxF-type alc. dehydrogenases are responsible for methane and methanol oxidation, resp. Various pathways for respiratory sulfur oxidation were present, including the Sox-rDsr pathway and the S4I system. Strain HY1 employed the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for CO2 fixation during chemolithoautotrophic growth on reduced sulfur compounds Proteomic and microrespirometry analyses showed that the metabolic pathways for methane and thiosulfate oxidation were induced in the presence of the resp. substrates. Methane and thiosulfate could therefore be independently or simultaneously oxidized. The discovery of this versatile bacterium demonstrates that methanotrophy and thiotrophy are compatible in a single microorganism and underpins the intimate interactions of methane and sulfur cycles in oxic-anoxic interface environments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Recommanded Product: 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus strain isolated from the bee gut on GABA content, antioxidant activity, and potential cytotoxic activity against HT-29 cell line of rice bran was written by Ghamry, Mohamed;Ghazal, Ahmed Fathy;Al-Maqtqri, Qais Ali;Li, Li;Zhao, Wei. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) in 2022.Formula: C8H16O This article mentions the following:

Rice bran was fermented with Lactobacillus apis, isolated from the bee gut as a novel probiotic strain, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the relationship between its metabolites and antioxidant activity, nutraceutical value, and cytotoxic activity against the HT-29 cell line. The findings showed that L. apis improved the antioxidant activity (DPPH of 37.73%) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS of 37.62 mg Trolox/g,), as well as, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (91.55%) of rice bran compared to S. cerevisiae. The metabolic anal. of volatile compounds revealed an increase of alcs. and lactones in the samples fermented with S. cerevisiae. While the samples fermented with L. apis displayed an increase of ketones, esters, and thiazoles. On the other hand, L. apis and S. cerevisiae exhibited a significant ability to increase γ-aminobutyric acid during different fermentation times. Compared with non-fermented samples (18.54%), L. apis increased the cytotoxic activity of rice bran against the HT-29 cell line to 34.17%, and S. cerevisiae to 31.34%. These results suggest that the fermentation of rice bran with S. cerevisiae and L. apis provides a promising strategy to improve the antioxidant activity and nutraceuticals of rice bran, and a potential source for plant-based pharmaceutical products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Formula: C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New prenylamine-analogs: investigations of their influence on calcium-dependent biological systems was written by Caldirola, P.;Zandberg, P.;Mannhold, R.;Timmerman, H.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1993.Recommanded Product: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol This article mentions the following:

Chem., prenylamine belongs to the diphenylalkylamine class. Compounds of this class are calcium antagonists with a broad spectrum of activities due to their influence on both extracellular and intracellular sites. In the present study the calcium antagonistic profile of a recently developed new series of prenylamine analogs has been investigated using different in vitro systems. The inhibiting concentrations for the most active compound are ≈ 1.5 μM; several derivatives are inactive up to a concentration of 10 μM. Structural modifications towards an increase of lipophilicity make these mols. interact (inhibition) with the intracellular calcium-binding protein calmodulin; for the series no correlation between calcium-blocking and calmodulin antagonistic effects has been found. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Recommanded Product: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts