Month: January 2023

Roseovarius faecimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat was written by Cha, In-Tae;Cho, Eui-Sang;Choi, Hak-Jong;Roh, Seong Woon;Seo, Myung-Ji. And the article was included in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in 2019.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate This article mentions the following:

A Gram-stain-neg., obligate aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated MME-070T, was isolated from a tidal flat near Muui-do, Incheon, Republic of Korea. This bacterium belonged to the Roseobacterclade within the family Rhodobacteraceae. The isolate grew at 20-40°, pH 7.0-9.0, with 1-5% (w/v) NaCl. Optimal growth required 2-3% (w/v) NaCl at 25-30° and pH 8.0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MME-070T was most closely related to Roseovarius aestuarii SMK-122T (96.9%). Phylogenetic anal. based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain MME-070T clustered with the genus Roseovarius. The sole respiratory quinone was Q-10. Polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminolipid, and some unidentified lipids. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c), 11-Me C18:1ω7c, and C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content of the type strain was 63.6 mol%. Based on polyphasic taxonomic anal., strain MME-070T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius faecimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MME-070T (= KCCM 43142T = JCM 30757T). The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MME-070^T is KP410680. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Molecular mechanisms for pH-mediated amelioration of aluminum-toxicity revealed by conjoint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome in Citrus sinensis roots was written by Wu, Bi-Sha;Zhang, Jiang;Huang, Wei-Lin;Yang, Lin-Tong;Huang, Zeng-Rong;Guo, Jiuxin;Wu, Jincheng;Chen, Li-Song. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Little is known about the effects of pH-aluminum (Al) interactions on gene expression and/or metabolite profiles in plants. Eleven-week-old seedlings of Citrus sinensis were fertilized with nutrient solution at an Al level of 0 or 1 mM and a pH of 3.0 or 4.0 for 18 wk. Increased pH mitigated Al-toxicity-induced accumulation of callose, an Al-sensitive marker. In this study, we identified more differentially expressed genes and differentially abundant metabolites in pH 4.0 + 1 mM Al-treated roots (P4AR) vs pH 4.0 + 0 mM Al-treated roots (P4R) than in pH 3.0 + 1 mM Al-treated roots (P3AR) vs pH 3.0 + 0 mM Al-treated roots (P3R), suggesting that increased pH enhanced root metabolic adaptations to Al-toxicity. Further anal. indicated that increased pH-mediated mitigation of root Al-toxicity might be related to several factors, including: enhanced capacity to maintain the homeostasis of phosphate and energy and the balance between generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species and aldehydes; and elevated accumulation of secondary metabolites such as polyphenol, proanthocyanidins and phenolamides and adaptations of cell wall and plasma membrane to Al-toxicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Three stilbenes make difference to the antifungal effects on ochratoxin A and its precursor production of Aspergillus carbonarius was written by Cai, Xinyu;Qi, Jianrui;Xu, Zhe;Huang, Lingxuan;Li, Yihan;Ren, Xueyan;Kong, Qingjun. And the article was included in Food Microbiology in 2022.Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

The present study demonstrated the toxic effects of stilbenes on fungi, which were related to the structures of the stilbenes. Pterostilbene with methoxy had the best antifungal properties, followed by piceatannol, which has a catechol structure, and finally resveratrol. The inhibitory effects of stilbenes at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mM on A. carbonarius mycelia growth and spore germination were assessed by plate inhibition tests and poisoned food technique. Predicted by SPSS software, the IC₅₀ values of resveratrol, piceatannol, and pterostilbene were 5.10, 1.80, and 0.28 mM, resp. In addition, SEM (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that 0.4 mM pterostilbene treatment induced incompleteness of the sporangium and distortion of the mycelial structure. Antitoxic activities of stilbenes were pos. correlated with their antifungal activities. 1.6 mM pterostilbene suppressed OTA synthesis better (63.48%) than 1.6 mM piceatannol (25.91%) and 1.6 mM resveratrol (22.98%). Furthermore, in the presence of stilbenes, the examined biosynthetic genes, and regulatory factors like NRPS, PKS, LaeA, HAL, bZIP, and P 450 were remarkably downregulated to reduce OTA/OTB production Increased levels of total stilbenes in grapes after fungal infestation can slow down the increased rate in OTA levels. It indicated stilbenes could be used as naturally safe and efficient compounds in food active packaging or preservatives against OTA in food. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Transition metal-free approach for late-stage benzylic C(sp³)-H etherifications and esterifications was written by Zhang, Yu;Sahoo, Prakash Kumar;Ren, Peng;Qin, Yuman;Cauwenbergh, Robin;Nimmegeers, Philippe;SivaRaman, Gandhi;Van Passel, Steven;Guidetti, Andrea;Das, Shoubhik. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

A transition metal-free approach for the regioselective functionalization of benzylic C(sp³)-H bonds using alcs. ROH (R = Me, t-Bu, cyclopentyl, etc.) and carboxylic acids R¹C(O)OH (R¹ = Ph, Me, cyclohexyl, etc.) as the nucleophiles was reported. This straightforward and general route has provided various benzylic ethers R²OR [R² = 1-phenylethyl, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)ethyl, 5-acetylamino(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl), etc.] and esters R²C(O)OR¹, including twelve pharmaceutically relevant compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Recommanded Product: 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Piceatannol protects against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via direct inhibition of JAK2 was written by Xie, Lingpeng;Wu, Yuting;Zhou, Chuying;Tan, Zhangbin;Xu, Honglin;Chen, Guanghong;Chen, Hongmei;Huang, Guiqiong;Fan, Huijie;Gao, Lei;Liu, Bin;Zhou, Yingchun. And the article was included in International Immunopharmacology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) represents one of the serious complications secondary to sepsis, which is a leading cause of the high mortality rate among septic cases. Subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis, together with the uncontrolled inflammatory response, has been suggested to be closely related to SIMD. Piceatannol (PIC) is verified with potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, but its function and mol. mechanism in SIMD remain unknown so far. This study aimed to explore the potential role and mechanism of action of PIC in resisting SIMD. The interaction of PIC with JAK2 proteins was evaluated by mol. docking, mol. dynamics (MD) simulation and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The cecal ligation and puncture-induced septicemia mice and the LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were prepared as the models in vivo and in vitro, sep. Mol. docking showed that JAK2-PIC complex had the -8.279 kcal/mol binding energy. MD simulations showed that JAK2-PIC binding was stable. SPRi anal. also showed that PIC has a strong binding affinity to JAK2. PIC treatment significantly ameliorated the cardiac function, attenuated the sepsis-induced myocardial loss, and suppressed the myocardial inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Further detection revealed that PIC inhibited the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, which was tightly associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Importantly, pre-incubation with a JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) partially blocked the cardioprotective effects of PIC. Collectively, the findings demonstrated that PIC restored the impaired cardiac function by attenuating the sepsis-induced apoptosis and inflammation via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway both in septic mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene’s effects on lipids and coagulation factors: a post hoc analysis of phase 2 and 3 clinical trial data. was written by Archer, David F;Altomare, Corrado;Jiang, Wei;Cort, Susannah. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2017.Application of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of ospemifene 60 mg on the lipid and coagulation parameters of postmenopausal women using data from five phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. METHODS: Data for lipids and coagulation factors for 2,166 postmenopausal women were pooled from five randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Lipid and coagulation parameters included in this analysis were total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin antigen, protein C Ag, and protein S Ag free. RESULTS: Mean percent changes in HDL and LDL were significantly greater with ospemifene versus placebo at month 3 (HDL: 4.4% vs 0.2%; LDL: -5.2% vs 2.4%), month 6 (HDL: 5.1% vs 1.5%; LDL: -6.7% vs 2.4%), and month 12 (HDL: 2.3% vs -1.9%; LDL: -7.0% vs -2.1%; P < 0.05, for all comparisons). Ospemifene significantly reduced total cholesterol at 6 months (-1.8% vs 1.6%; P = 0.0345 versus placebo), and changes in triglycerides with ospemifene were similar to placebo at all three time points. In subgroup analyses based on age, body mass index, and baseline triglyceride level, ospemifene increased HDL and decreased LDL, but had no significant effect on total cholesterol and triglycerides relative to placebo. Ospemifene significantly improved fibrinogen and protein C antigen levels relative to placebo at months 3 (-8.7% vs -0.8% and -2.7% vs 0.5%, respectively), 6 (-6.0% vs 6.7% and -3.6 vs 8.0%), and 12 (-8.7% vs 7.3% and -4.5% vs 6.6%; P < 0.01, for all). The levels of all coagulation factors remained within the normal range throughout the studies. CONCLUSION: Ospemifene 60 mg does not have a detrimental effect on lipid and coagulation parameters of postmenopausal women with up to 12 months of use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Improved performance of solid polymer electrolytes for structural batteries utilizing plasticizing co-solvents was written by Ihrner, Niklas;Johansson, Mats. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2017.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

This study describes the formulation, curing, and characterization of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) based on plasticized poly(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate, intended for use in structural batteries that utilizes carbon fibers as electrodes. The effect of crosslink d., salt concentration, and amount of plasticizer has been investigated. Adding a plasticizing solvent increases the overall performance of the SPE. Increased ionic conductivity and mech. performance can be attained compared to similar systems without plasticizer. At ambient temperature, ionic conductivity (σ) of 3.3 × 10^-5 S cm^-1, with a corresponding storage modulus (E’) of 20 MPa are reached. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Recommanded Product: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mushroom tyrosinase immobilized in metal-organic frameworks as an excellent catalyst for both catecholic product synthesis and phenolic wastewater treatment was written by Wei, Chun-Mei;Feng, Chao-Yun;Li, Shuangfei;Zou, Yong;Yang, Zhen. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology in 2022.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND : Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention with ever-expanding applications. Developing new MOF-based immobilized enzymes with new applications is required, not only for demonstrating the generality and applicability of using MOFs for enzyme immobilization, but also to provide potential biocatalysts for industrial applications. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of immobilizing mushroom tyrosinase on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), with two new applications being developed. RESULTS : Upon immobilization through a one-pot in situ encapsulation approach, the resultant tyrosinase@ZIF-8 was characterized in structural features and catalytic properties. It was much more stable against pH and temperature relative to the free enzyme. The new biocatalyst was highly efficient in catalyzing the synthesis of catecholic products with pharmacol. benefits (L-DOPA, piceatannol and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene) and in eliminating phenolic pollutants (phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol). Excellent productivities were obtained for the synthesis of the three catecholic products (0.14, 1.38 and 1.46 g L-1 h-1, resp.). A complete removal of the three phenolic pollutants was achieved within 2.5 h, superior to other processes mediated by the same enzyme, or others, immobilized on different supports. The reusability of the new biocatalyst can be remarkably improved by entrapment into polyvinyl alc.-alginate gel. CONCLUSIONS : Tyrosinase can be immobilized on a new type of MOF with advantages such as easy preparation and excellent catalytic performance. This novel immobilization strategy for tyrosinase offers an excellent biocatalyst potent for both catecholic product synthesis and phenolic wastewater treatment. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry (SCI). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photochlorination of organic substances by aqueous chloride ions codissolved with anionic NO_x^–. Part I. Effect of nitrate was written by Rafanelli, Claudio E.;Petriconi, Gianna L.;Papee, Henry M.. And the article was included in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution in 1978.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Earlier research, on the photoreactivity of some organics with aqueous NO_x^–, is extended to systems comprising codissolved chlorides. Concentrations of NO₃^– bear a determining role on the transfer of Cl from the aqueous into the organic phase, and rates of this transfer also depend on Cl^– concentration as well as on the intensity of UV light. A simple overall mechanism is postulated for the laboratory process, and the experimentation is thereafter extended to conditions of sunlight illumination where the reaction occurs along similar lines but with larger quantum yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rh₂(II)-Catalyzed Selective Aminomethylene Migration from Styryl Azides was written by Kong, Chen;Jana, Navendu;Driver, Tom G.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 80866-76-8 This article mentions the following:

Rh₂(II)-carboxylate complexes promoted the selective migration of aminomethylenes in β,β-disubstituted styryl azides to form 2,3-disubstituted indoles. E.g., in presence of Rh₂(esp)₂, methylene shift of styryl azide [(S,E)-I] gave 83% indole derivative ((±)-II). Mechanistic data are also presented that suggest that the migration occurs stepwise before diffusion of the iminium ion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8HPLC of Formula: 80866-76-8).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 80866-76-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts