Month: January 2023

Cowpea NAC Transcription Factors Positively Regulate Cellular Stress Response and Balance Energy Metabolism in Yeast via Reprogramming of Biosynthetic Pathways was written by Srivastava, Richa;Sahoo, Lingaraj. And the article was included in ACS Synthetic Biology in 2021.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Yeast is a dominant host for recombinant production of heterologous proteins, high-value biochem. compounds, and microbial fermentation During bioprocess operations, pH fluctuations, organic solvents, drying, starvation, osmotic pressure, and often a combination of these stresses cause growth inhibition or death, markedly limiting its industrial use. Thus, stress-tolerant yeast strains with balanced energy-bioenergetics are highly desirous for sustainable improvement of quality biotechnol. production We isolated two NAC transcription factors (TFs), VuNAC1 and VuNAC2, from a wild cowpea genotype, improving both stress tolerance and growth when expressed in yeast. The GFP-fused proteins were localized to the nucleus. Y2H and reporter assay demonstrated the dimerization and transactivation abilities of the VuNAC proteins having structural folds similar to rice SNAC1. The gel-shift assay indicated that the TFs recognize an “ATGCGTG” motif for DNA-binding shared by several native TFs in yeast. The heterologous expression of VuNAC1/2 in yeast improved growth, biomass, lifespan, fermentation efficiency, and altered cellular composition of biomols. The transgenic strains conferred tolerance to multiple stresses such as high salinity, osmotic stress, freezing, and aluminum toxicity. Anal. of the metabolome revealed reprogramming of major pathways synthesizing nucleotides, vitamin B complex, amino acids, antioxidants, flavonoids, and other energy currencies and cofactors. Consequently, the transcriptional tuning of stress signaling and biomol. metabolism improved the survival of the transgenic strains during starvation and stress recovery. VuNAC1/2-based synthetic gene expression control may contribute to designing robust industrial yeast strains with value-added productivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chiral Bronsted acid catalysts. Activation of methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate by hydroxymethylpyridine-containing half-sandwich complexes was written by Carmona, Daniel;Lamata, Pilar;Sanchez, Antonio;Pardo, Pilar;Rodriguez, Ricardo;Ramirez, Paola;Lahoz, Fernando J.;Garcia-Orduna, Pilar;Oro, Luis A.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2014.Computed Properties of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

The coordinated OH group in cationic 2-hydroxyalkylpyridine (NOH) chiral phosphoramidite (P1-P5) half-sandwich complexes [(ηⁿ-ring)M(NOH)(Solv)][SbF₆] and [(ηⁿ-ring)M(PyOH){(R)-P1}][SbF₆]₂ [(ηⁿ-ring)M = (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Rh, (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ir, (η⁶-p-MeC₆H₄ⁱPr)Ru; PyOH = hydroxymethylpyridine ligand; (R)-P1 = (R)-1,1′-binaphthyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidite (R-monophos)] is deprotonated by Na₂CO₃, rendering bi- or mononuclear compounds [{(ηⁿ-ring)M(μ-O-κ²N,O-PyO)}₂][SbF₆]₂ and [(ηⁿ-ring)M(PyO){(R)-P1}][SbF₆], resp. The complexes have been characterized by anal. and spectroscopic means, including the determination of the crystal structures of [{(ηⁿ-ring)M(μ-O-κ²N,O-PyO)}₂][SbF₆]₂ (8a, PyOH = 2-hydroxymethylpyridine, (ηⁿ-ring)M = (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Rh; 8c, (ηⁿ-ring)M = (η⁶-p-MeC₆H₄iPr)Ru, PyOH = 2-hydroxymethylpyridine) and [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ir(PyO){(R)-P1}][SbF₆] [11b, PyOH = (R)-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine] by x-ray diffractometric methods. In complexes [(ηⁿ-ring)M(NOH)(P*)][SbF₆]₂ (P* = P1-P5) the proton of the coordinated hydroxypyridine ligand is able to activate the carbonyl group of Me 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate toward the Friedel-Crafts addition of indoles. In most cases, quant. conversion is achieved in a few minutes, at -70°, with an ee of up to 82%. NMR data support the activation of the pyruvate by interaction between its carbonyl oxygen and the OH group of the coordinated hydroxymethylpyridine. Therefore, the metallic complexes act as Lewis acid assisted Bronsted acid catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Computed Properties of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Expedient approach for trans-esterification of β-keto esters under solvent free conditions using silica supported boric acid (SiO₂-H₃BO₃) as a recyclable catalyst was written by Das, Kamal;Majumdar, Swapan. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.Product Details of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

A highly efficient trans-esterification of β-keto methyl/ethyl esters with primary, secondary, allylic, benzylic and chiral alcs. has been carried out in excellent yields under solvent-free conditions using silica supported boric acid as a heterogeneous catalyst. This sustainable protocol resulted in a remarkable enhancement in the synthetic efficiency (87-95% yield) with high purity and eliminating the use of an environmentally toxic solvent. The work up procedure is very simple and the catalyst has been successfully recovered and recycled. The present methodol. is also applicable for trans-esterification with chiral alcs. on a multi-gram scale without compromising the yield. Noteworthy features of this protocol are simple operational procedure, minimizing production of chem. waste, mild reaction conditions, easy preparation of the catalyst and its recyclability up to five cycles without any appreciable loss of catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Product Details of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of a natural antifungal formulation for grated cheese and a microencapsulation approach using whey protein isolate and maltodextrin blend was written by Sassi, Ghada;Salmieri, Stephane;Allahdad, Zahra;Karboune, S.;Lacroix, Monique. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.Formula: C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The antifungal activity of natural antimicrobials such as essential oils (EOs), citrus extracts, and other natural derivatives was evaluated against 10 fungal strains using min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) anal. Compounds having the highest inhibitory activity at the lowest concentrations were subsequently selected to evaluate the possible synergistic interactions by checkerboard method (FIC). The results showed that citrus extract A (CEA) and EOs rich in cinnamaldehyde had the highest inhibitory capacity against evaluated strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor, Aureobasidium pullulans, Eurotium rubrum, Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium commune, Penicillium crustosum, and Penicillium roqueforti). The stability of the antifungal mixture was then optimized using lecithin and sucrose monopalmitate (SMP) as surfactants. Stability test showed that lecithin:SMP at HLB 10 maintains emulsion stability for 15 days of storage at 4°C. Encapsulation process for the loaded emulsion was optimized using whey protein isolate (WPI) and maltodextrin (MD) blend with ratios WPI:MD (1:2) and WPI:MD (1:3). The results showed that WPI:MD (1:3) led to a higher physicochem. stability (-40.5 mV), encapsulation efficiency (91%), and antifungal activity (315 ppm). Microencapsulation maintained the available active compounds content more prolonged with an average interval of 7 days compared to the nonencapsulated formulations during storage at 4°C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Formula: C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Allenyl Boronic Esters by Conjunctive Cross-Coupling with Propargylic Carbonates was written by Aparece, Mark D.;Hu, Weipeng;Morken, James P.. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Enantioselective conjunctive cross-coupling of lithium pinacolborates Li[RB(CH:CH₂)pin] with propargylic carbonates R¹CCCR²₂OCO₂Me affords chiral β-boryl allenes RCH(OH)CH₂CR¹:C:CR²₂ after oxidative workup as the reaction product. The reaction is found to proceed through the intermediacy of dimethoxyboronate complexes that are generated in situ by a strain-induced ligand exchange reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A novel environmental nano-catalyst of zeolite amended with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles decorated carbon paste electrode for electro-oxidation of propylene glycol was written by Abdel-Gawad, Soha A.;Fekry, Amany M.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.COA of Formula: C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

A novel environmental nano-catalyst based on zeolite (ZE) adjusted with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles (Ag/CNT) ornamented carbon paste electrode (CPE) is used for electrochem. oxidation of propylene glycol (PG) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution The techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are utilized to achieve the catalytic activity performance. Surface characteristics are achieved by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray anal. (EDX) techniques. Enhancing the loading magnitude of CNT into catalyst’s ingredient can meaningfully develop the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst towards propylene oxidation The impact of altering the concentration of propylene glycol and the scanning rate on the resulting electrocatalyst performance during the oxidation cycle is considered. Chronoamperograms present an amplify of the steady state oxidation c.d. values after addition of these nano-catalysts. A promising catalytic stability of nano-catalyst has been achieved in electing its use for propylene glycol electro-oxidation in fuel cells applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6COA of Formula: C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Long-term safety of ospemifene (52-week extension) in the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in hysterectomized postmenopausal women was written by Simon, James;Portman, David;Mabey, R. Garn. And the article was included in Maturitas in 2014.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To examine the long-term safety of oral ospemifene, a non-estrogen tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist, for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) due to menopause. Study design: This multicenter, long-term, open-label, safety extension study was conducted in women without a uterus aged 40-80 years (N = 301) who received oral ospemifene 60 mg/day for 52 wk. Participants either continued their 60-mg/day ospemifene dose from the initial 12-wk pivotal efficacy study or switched from blinded placebo or ospemifene 30 mg/day to open-label ospemifene 60 mg/day. The 52-wk open-label extension period plus initial 12-wk treatment period totaled up to 64 wk of ospemifene exposure. A 4-wk posttreatment follow-up ensued (68 wk total). Main outcome measures: Safety assessments included adverse events, laboratory studies, phys. and gynecol. examination, vital signs, breast palpation, and mammog.Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during the extension study were mild or moderate in severity. The most common TEAE related to study drug was hot flushes (10%; leading to discontinuation for 2% of patients). One serious TEAE, a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with pre-existing cardiac disease, was considered possibly related to study medication. One mild breast-related TEAE, considered unrelated to study drug, was ongoing at study completion. There were no instances of pelvic organ prolapse, incontinence, venous thromboembolism, fractures, breast cancers or death. No clin. significant adverse changes were observed in other safety parameters. Conclusions: Ospemifene is clin. safe and generally well tolerated in postmenopausal patients with dyspareunia, a symptom of VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel 5-HT_1A/1B/1D receptors antagonists with potent 5-HT reuptake inhibitory activity was written by Serafinowska, Halina T.;Blaney, Frank E.;Lovell, Peter J.;Merlo, Giancarlo G.;Scott, Claire M.;Smith, Paul W.;Starr, Kathryn R.;Watson, Jeannette M.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2008.Reference of 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

Novel 2-methyl-5-quinolinyl-1-piperazinylalkyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones showing high affinities for the 5-HT_1A/1B/1D receptors coupled with potent 5-HT reuptake inhibitory activity have been discovered. This is the first report describing docking of the lead compound 6-{2-[4-(2-methyl-5-quinolinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 1, into a model of the 5-HT transporter and the 5-HT_1A receptor model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Reference of 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enzyme-triggered- and tumor-targeted delivery with tunable, methacrylated poly(ethylene glycols) and hyaluronic acid hybrid nanogels was written by Liwinska, Wioletta;Waleka-Bagiel, Ewelina;Stojek, Zbigniew;Karbarz, Marcin;Zabost, Ewelina. And the article was included in Drug Delivery in 2022.Recommanded Product: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

Enzyme-responsive polymeric-based nanostructures are potential candidates for serving as key materials in targeted drug delivery carriers. However, the major risk in their prolonged application is fast disassembling of the short-lived polymeric-based structures. Another disadvantage is the limited accessibility of the enzyme to the moieties that are located inside the network. Here, we report on a modified environmentally responsive and enzymically cleavable nanogel carrier that contains a hybrid network. A properly adjusted volume phase transition (VPT) temperature allowed independent shrinking of (a) poly(ethylene glycol) Me ether methacrylate (OEGMA) with di(ethylene glycol) and (b) Me ether methacrylate (MEO₂MA) part of the network, and the exposition of hyaluronic acid methacrylate (MeHa) network based carboxylic groups for its targeted action with the cellular based receptors. This effect was substantial after raising temperature in typical hyperthermia-based treatment therapies. Addnl., novel tunable NGs gained an opportunity to store- and to efficient-enzyme-triggered release relatively low but highly therapeutic doses of doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX). The controlled enzymic degradation of NGs could be enhanced by introducing more hyaluronidase enzyme (HAdase), that is usually overexpressed in cancer environments. MTT assay results revealed effective cytotoxic activity of the NGs against the human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the A278 ovarian cancer cells and also cytocompatibility against the MCF-10A and HOF healthy cells. The obtained tunable, hybrid network NGs might be used as a useful platform for programmed delivery of other pharmaceuticals and diagnostics in therapeutic applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Recommanded Product: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Application of yellow mustard mucilage and starch in nanoencapsulation of thymol and carvacrol by emulsion electrospray was written by Charles, Anto Pradeep Raja;Mu, Richard;Jin, Tony Z.;Li, Deyu;Pan, Zhiliang;Rakshit, Sudipta;Cui, Steve W.;Wu, Ying. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2022.Product Details of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Starch/water soluble yellow mustard mucilage nanocapsules loaded with thymol and carvacrol (TC) were developed using electrospray atomization. Emulsions were electrosprayed, aiming to generate nanocapsules with a controlled release behavior of TC for antimicrobial packaging applications. To understand the effect of water soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM) on the nanocapsules, the emulsion viscosity, morphol., encapsulation efficiency, mol. interactions, and release kinetics were evaluated. Surface and internal morphol. anal. revealed that nanocapsules were non-porous with minimal surface shrinkages and had inner multicore spheres within a solid wall layer. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 61.17 to 84.10 %, increasing at higher TC contents. Fourier transform spectroscopy confirmed the mol. interaction between wall materials. The release kinetics of encapsulated TC (30 % weight/weight) followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism and a controlled release pattern up to 120 h. Results indicated that the addition of WSM can modulate the release kinetics of bioactives and achieve a controlled release pattern. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Product Details of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts