Month: January 2023

Air-classified faba bean protein fraction as a substitute to soybean meal in pelleted and extruded broiler diets was written by Itani, K.;Hansen, J. Oe.;Kieronczyk, B.;Benzertiha, A.;Kurk, A. E.;Aanestad, R. M.;Schuller, R. B.;Mydland, L. T.;Svihus, B.;Oeverland, M.. And the article was included in British Poultry Science in 2022.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

1. The hypothesis that air-classified faba bean protein fraction (FBP) can replace soybean meal (SBM) in pelleted or extruded broiler diets without adverse effect on performance or nutrient digestibility was tested.2. At 17 d of age, male broilers were randomly distributed among four dietary treatments consisting of either SBM or FBP (main dietary protein source) and pelleting or extrusion as processing methods. Treatments had 10 replicate pens containing five birds each.3. Compared to SBM, birds fed FBP had significantly lower feed intake, less weight gain and had poorer feed conversion.4. Pellet durability was high (above 92%) for all diets. In pelleted diets, FBP was harder than SBM whereas extruded diets had similar hardness. Pelleting increased water stability compared to extrusion. FBP diets were more water stable than the SBM diets.5. Gizzard content weight was 2.2-fold higher (P = 0.002) for birds given FBP compared to those fed SBM. The weight of the jejunum and ileum with contents was 1.4-fold lower for the FBP diets, and this effect was larger (P < 0.05) for the extruded FBP diet.6. Birds fed FBP diets had significantly higher nitrogen digestibility in the lower jejunum and ileum compared to those given SBM diets, while the starch digestibility coefficient was above 0.980 in all treatments.7. The high nutrient digestibility of FBP diets indicates that the poor performance of the FBP group was due to lower feed intake which was not explained by the differences in pellet durability or hardness. The reduced palatability of the FBP and the longer retention of the FBP diets in the upper gut are more likely to have depressed feed intake. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Piceatannol Protects Brain Endothelial Cell Line (bEnd.3) against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress was written by Zhou, Yan;Khan, Haroon;Hoi, Maggie Pui Man;Cheang, Wai San. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is involved in the pathogenesis of many cerebral diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are contributing factors for BBB injury. Piceatannol, a natural ingredient found in various plants, such as grapes, white tea, and passion fruit, plays an important role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. In this study, we examined the protective effects of piceatannol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) insult in mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) cells and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that piceatannol mitigated the upregulated expression of adhesion mols. (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and iNOS in LPS-treated bEnd.3 cells. Moreover, piceatannol prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species in bEnd.3 cells stimulated with LPS. Mechanism investigations suggested that piceatannol inhibited NF-κB and MAPK activation. Taken together, these observations suggest that piceatannol reduces inflammation and oxidative stress through inactivating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways on cerebral endothelial cells in vitro. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth, immune responses, digestive ability and intestinal microbial flora in Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Wang, Hongming;Hu, Xin;Zheng, Yudong;Chen, Jian;Tan, Beiping;Shi, Lili;Zhang, Shuang. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in place of fishmeal on the growth performance, immune response, digestive ability and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in this study. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01g) was fed for 8 wk by four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds with CPC replacing fishmeal (FM) at 0% (control), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30) and 45% (CPC45), resp. At the end of the study, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei in CPC15 and CPC30 groups were significantly increased, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. vannamei in the CPC30 group was significantly reduced when compared with the FM group (P < 0.05). After Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the cumulative mortality of L. vannamei in CPC15 within 24 hpi was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). When compared with the control group, the activities and expression of the immunity-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas had almost the same obvious change trend in the CPC-containing groups, which indicated that the replacement for fishmeal by CPC led to significant immune response in L. vannamei. Besides, significant up-regulation of the digestive enzyme activities were observed in the CPC-containing groups. Anal. of intestinal microbiota showed that significant difference in alpha diversity existed between the CPC-containing groups and the control group. The relative abundances of several top 10 dominated species at the phylum and genus levels were significantly changed in the CPC-containing groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Functional prediction of the microbiota indicated that the pathway of protein digestion and absorption was significantly more abundant while the pathways of nitrotoluene degradation, aminobenzoate degradation, atrazine degradation, dioxin degradation and xylene degradation were significantly less abundant in the CPC-containing groups than the FM group (P < 0.05). In summary, optimal dietary CPC replacement of FM could improve the growth, immunity, digestive capacity and the diversities of the intestinal microbial flora of L. vannamei. However, parts of the functions of the intestinal microbial flora were decline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Green synthesis of chiral aromatic alcohols with Lactobacillus kefiri P2 as a novel biocatalyst was written by Baydas, Yasemin;Dertli, Enes;Sahin, Engin. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2020.Application of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

Biocatalytic reduction is a very important field of research in synthetic organic chem. Herein, three different Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains were evaluated for their bioreduction potential using acetophenone as a model substrate. Among these strains, Lactobacillus kefiri P2 strain was determined as the best asym. reduction biocatalyst. Reaction optimization parameters such as reaction time, temperature, agitation speed and pH were systematically optimized using Lactobacillus kefiri P2 strain and model substrate acetophenone. Under these optimized reaction conditions, secondary chiral alcs. were obtained by bioreduction of various prochiral ketones with results up to 99% enantiomeric excess. In addition, the steric and electronic effects of substituents on enantioselectivity and conversion were evaluated. It has been shown that Lactobacillus kefiri P2 biocatalyst was an effective catalyst for asym. reduction This method provides an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of optically pure alcs. and an alternative approach to chem. catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Application of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Monomers Based on the Quinone Methide Elimination Cascade Reaction was written by He, Yuxiang;Wu, Ying;Zhang, Minghui;Zhang, Yuanxing;Ding, Hao;Zhang, Ke. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

A controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrocyclic monomers was developed based on the nucleophilic ring-opening mechanism for the first time. This novel ROP was designed to prepare backbone functional and sequence-defined polymers with controlled mol. weights and narrow dispersities (D < 1.1) by polymerizing the macrocycles with a quinone methide elimination-based self-immolative spacer as the “ring-opening trigger”. This ROP was initiated by an efficient nucleophilic substitution of activated carbonate with a primary amine to ring open the macrocyclic monomers. The following spontaneous 1,6-elimination-decarboxylation cascade reaction disassembled the self-immolative spacer to regenerate the primary amine end group for subsequent polymer chain propagation. The versatility of this novel ROP was demonstrated by the formation of well-defined water-soluble, backbone-degradable, and sequence-defined polyurethanes and their block copolymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9SDS of cas: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Remineralizing fluorine containing bioactive glass composites was written by Al-eesa, N. A.;Fernandes, S. Diniz;Hill, R. G.;Wong, F. S. L.;Jargalsaikhan, U.;Shahid, S.. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2021.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

The objective was to investigate the mech. properties, fluoride release and apatite formation of resin based dental composites based on a fluoride containing Bioactive Glass (BG) with and without a silylating agent. A SiO₂-P₂O₅-CaO-SrO-Na₂O-CaF₂ BG was synthesized by the melt quench route. This glass and a com. available inert glass (IG) were incorporated into a light cured BisGMA-TEGMA resin. The composite resins were then evaluated in terms of their ability to form apatite by Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and by SEM (SEM) following immersion in artificial saliva at pH 4 (AS4) and pH 7 (AS7). The experiments were performed with and without silylation of the BG. The compressive strength and flexural strength were determined after 1, 28 and 84 days of immersion in the AS4 and AS7 immersion media. The FTIR spectra of the BG composites exhibited split bands at approx. 560 and 600 cm^-1 corresponding to a apatite formation in the surface or on the surface under all immersion conditions. SEM showed the presence of a reacted layer of glass particles in the composite surface and the presence of a surface layer of apatite in AS7. The compressive strength and flexural strength were significantly higher for the silylated BG composites. The strengths of both silylated and non silylated BG composites and IG composites decreased upon immersion. BG composites exhibit reduced strengths upon immersion but still exhibit strengths comparable to existing composites after 84 days of immersion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fe₃O₄@PEG core/shell nanoparticles as magnetic nanocatalyst for acetylation of amines and alcohols using ultrasound irradiations under solvent-free conditions was written by Veisi, Hojat;Nikseresht, Ahmad;Rostami, Afsaneh;Hemmati, Saba. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2019.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Ultrasound irradiation was used to prepare one-pot Fe₃O₄@PEG core/shell nanostructure for the first time. The morphol., structure, and physicochem. properties were specified by different anal. techniques including field emission SEM, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. For acetylation of phenols, alcs., and amines, the synthesized Fe₃O₄@PEG core/shell nanoparticles were used as an efficient heterogeneous and green catalyst with acetic anhydride under sonication applying mild reaction conditions. Different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substrates indicate a prominent yield of desired products with the merit of reusability of Fe₃O₄@PEG nanocatalyst and magnetic separation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The effect of phenyl ring on the physical properties of liquid crystals containing 4-pyridyl terminal group was written by Chen, Ran;Qin, Yuanyuan;An, Zhongwei;Chen, Xinbing;Chen, Pei. And the article was included in Liquid Crystals in 2018.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Liquid crystals with 4-pyridyl end group containing one triple bond and phenylenes was synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by traditional spectroscopic methods. The properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarising optical microscopy (POM), Abbe refractometer and an elec. constants instrument. The results showed that all of the compounds exhibit nematic phase. The addition of a phenylene to the mol. skeleton brings about an obvious increase of the mesophase intervals (from 8.8 to 95.5) and birefringence (up to 0.33), as well as minus or plus effect of dielec. anisotropies depending on the position of the phenylene. D. Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of mol. conformation, polarisability and dipole moment were used to further study the mol. structure-property relationship. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides: construction of a dodecasaccharide was written by Nicolaou, K. C.;Watanabe, Nobuhide;Li, Jim;Pastor, Joaquin;Winssinger, Nicolas. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 1998.Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

The authors wish to report new solid-phase synthetic technol. which provides solutions to previously encountered problems, i.e. the presence of both α- and β-anomers at every cleavage stage and the need to reactivate the cleavage product prior to its possible reincorporation into the growing oligosaccharide chain on the solid phase, by incorporating an appropriate spacer (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) between the photolabile linker (4-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzyl alc.) and the anomeric position of the first glycoside, and which appears ideal for block-type oligosaccharide synthesis. The new technol. has advantages such as convergence for block-type construction, high yielding glycosidation steps, maintenance of stereochem. integrity during loading and unloading, and flexibility and allowed the construction of the stereochem. homogeneous dodecasaccharide (I; TBDPS = tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, Bz = benzoyl, Bn = benzyl) related to the phytoalexin elicitor family, which represents the largest oligosaccharide to be constructed on solid phase thus far. By virtue of its generality, this method could prove highly enabling for the construction of large and diverse combinatorial libraries of oligosaccharides. Thus, 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde was loaded onto Merrifield resin in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ and Bu₄NI followed by NaBH₄ reduction to afford resin (II; R = H) which was condensed with 2,3,4-tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-1-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranose by a Mitsunobu reaction to furnish conjugate II (R = Q) with exclusive β-stereochem. Desilylation of II (R = Q) with HF.pyridine and subsequent glycosylation with the Me thioglucoside (III; Fmoc = 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) in the presence of (dimethylthio)methylsulfonuim triflate (DMTST) and removal of Fmoc group by treatment with Et₃N followed by coupling with Ph thioglucoside (IV) gave the trisaccharide II (R = Q¹). Repeated desilylation and block glycosylation using the trisaccharide Ph thioglycoside Q¹-SPh followed by photocleavage gave I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of [1,3,2]dithiazolo[4,5-b][1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazines was written by Konstantinova, Lidia S.;Popov, Vadim V.;Obruchnikova, Natalia V.;Lyssenko, Konstantin A.;Ananyev, Ivan V.;Rakitina, Oleg A.. And the article was included in ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States) in 2011.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The reaction temperature has a strong impact on the results of chlorination of 5,6-bis(tert-butylthio)[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine (I) that is readily prepared from 5,6-dichloro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine and sodium tert-butylsulfide. Mono- and bis-(sulfenyl chlorides) were selectively obtained in high yield and their structure was confirmed by the reaction with morpholine. Treatment of [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6-disulfenyl dichloride with primary aliphatic amines and benzylamine afforded N-substituted [1,3,2]dithiazolo[4,5-b][1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazines in moderate yields. Novel pentacyclic [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3″,4″:5′,6′]pyrazino[2′,3′:5,6][1,2,4]thiadiazino[3,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole (II), whose structure was confirmed by x-ray diffraction, was obtained by the reaction of this disulfenyl dichloride with 2-aminobenzothiazole. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts