Month: January 2023

New chiral 1,4,2-oxazaphosphorinanes bearing a free hydroxy group was written by Zinnatullin, R. G.;Nikitina, K. A.;Badeeva, E. K.;Metlushka, K. E.. And the article was included in Russian Chemical Bulletin in 2021.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Abstract: New chiral 3-aryl-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-R-1,4,2-oxazaphosphorinanes were obtained by a three-step one-pot synthesis, which included the preparation of imines from enantiopure (2R)-2-aminoalkan-1-ols, their phosphonylation and subsequent dealkylation of the P(O)OEt-fragment. The major diastereomers of the compounds obtained were found to have the (3R,5R)-configuration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sustainable Utilization of Leather Wastes: A Novel Waterborne Polyurethane-Reinforced Collagen Hydrolysate-Based Functional Paper Internal Sizing Agent was written by Yang, Mao;Rui, Lang;Lu, Yuhan;Han, Wenjia;Dang, Xugang. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.SDS of cas: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Functional papermaking additives have tremendous potential for application in multipurpose paper. In this research, a functional paper internal sizing agent based on waterborne polyurethane-grafted collagen hydrolyzate (WPUC) was first prepared via free-radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomer-modified collagen hydrolyzate and waterborne polyurethane (WPU). Then, the prepared WPUC was used as an internal sizing agent for sustainable processing and manufacturing of the handsheets. FTIR, XRD, DSC, and other anal. techniques were used to characterize the behavior and effects of WPUC internal sizing on the handsheets. The research found that the tensile coefficient, the tear coefficient, the folding resistance, and Cobb₆₀ of the handsheets reached 55.8 N.m.g^-1, 1.9 mN.m².g^-1, 12 times, and 190 g/m², resp., when the WPUC sizing agent was 2% in the pulp. In addition, when the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and WPUC were incorporated in the pulp, the retention rate of PCC could be greatly increased without affecting the mech. properties of the finished paper. Specifically, when the PCC dosages were 25 and 50% in the papermaking, the PCC retention rate of handsheets with the WPUC sizing agent increased correspondingly by 139.2 and 174.5%, resp. Moreover, the handsheets had good water resistance. The results indicate that the WPUC is expected to be used as a novel paper internal sizing agent to further improve the paper performance as well as lower the production costs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6SDS of cas: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimization of dietary pyridoxine improved growth performance, hematological indices, antioxidant capacity, intestinal enzyme activity, non-specific immune response, and liver pyridoxine concentration of fingerling major carp Catla catla (Hamilton) was written by Khan, Younis Mohd;Khan, Mukhtar A.. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The current research work was undertaken to evaluate the requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.7 ± 0.5 g) for dietary pyridoxine. Triplicate groups of fingerling were fed casein-gelatin based iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric diets (350 g/kg Crude Protein; 16.72 Kj/g Gross Energy) containing eight different levels of pyridoxine (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg diet) to satiation for 16 wk. All the growth parameters were pos. affected by increasing concentrations of dietary pyridoxine up to 4 mg/kg diet. Erythrocyte (RBC), hematocrit (Ht), Hb (Hb), alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly (P < 0.05) affected and increased up to 4 mg pyridoxine per kg diet. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were found to be highest in fish fed basal diet which decreased with the increase of dietary pyridoxine up to 4 mg/kg whereas, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased with incremental levels of dietary pyridoxine up to 4 mg/kg diet. Intestinal protease, amylase and lipase activities significantly (P < 0.05) increased as the amounts of dietary pyridoxine increased up to 4 mg/kg and then leveled off. Fish fed 4 mg/kg pyridoxine reflected significantly higher (P < 0.05) lysozyme, tissue serum protein and alk. phosphatase activities than fish fed the pyridoxine-deficient diets. However, liver saturation was achieved in fish fed 8 mg pyridoxine per kg diet. Broken-line regression anal. of growth parameters, RNA/DNA ratio, SOD, protease, lysozyme and the liver pyridoxine concentration data against varying levels of dietary pyridoxine indicated the requirement in the range of 3.20-6.87 mg/kg. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Towards defining optimal dietary protein levels for male and female sub-adult Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis reared in earthen ponds: Performances, nutrient composition and metabolism, antioxidant capacity and immunity was written by Zhu, Shaicheng;Long, Xiaowen;Turchini, Giovanni M.;Deng, Deng;Cheng, Yongxu;Wu, Xugan. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Safety of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a widely farmed and economically important aquaculture species. However, species-specific knowledge about appropriate dietary protein requirements is limited to juveniles, cultured in exptl. like conditions: indoors and in clear water. Previous studies have also focused primarily only on growth performance and tissue proximate composition, but little is known about the physiol. responses and immunity status of crabs fed with different amounts of dietary protein. Accordingly, this study aimed at assessing the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, nutrient composition, nutrient metabolism and physiol. response, in sub-adult animals reared in (com.-like) earthen ponds until harvesting size and gonad maturation. The diets had a graded protein inclusion (278, 323, 352, 391 and 420 g kg-1) and a bell-shaped trend was seen in the performance of all crabs in ponds. Regression anal. provided an estimate of ∼384 g kg-1 dietary protein for maximal growth for female animals. Interestingly, female crabs fed the diets with medium protein levels (352-391 g kg-1) also subjected the lower oxidative stress. Whereas the growth performance of male crabs did not show any plateauing and continued to increase with addnl. dietary protein. Increasing dietary protein levels had the following effects: (i) improved the activity of amino acid metabolism-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas and decreased the triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) content in serum and hepatopancreas in both sex; (ii) decreased the activity of enzymes associated with hepatic damage; (iii) decreased the anti-oxidative enzyme activities as well as the content of protein and lipid oxidation products of male crabs. These results suggest that suitable protein levels in the diets improve overall growth performance by increasing protein deposition and reducing lipid deposition and damage in the hepatopancreas, as well as reducing tissue oxidative stress. In conclusion, the optimal dietary protein levels for male and female sub-adult crabs reared in earthen ponds are different: they are 385 g kg-1 for females, and at least 420 g kg-1 for males. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Safety of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols by copper(II) supported on metformin-graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as an efficient catalyst was written by Ghafuri, Hossein;Ghafori Gorab, Mostafa;Dogari, Haniyeh. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this research, an efficient heterogeneous catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) was reported. The CN was functionalized by 1,3-dibromopropane as a linker (CN-Pr-Br) and subsequently modified with metformin (CN-Pr-Met). Furthermore, the copper(II) was coordinated on modified CN (CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II)) and during this process, 7.94% copper(II) was loaded into the catalyst structure. The synthesized catalyst was evaluated by various techniques including fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission SEM (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) was used as a catalyst in the synthesis of amides via the oxidation of benzyl alcs. The conditions of this reaction were optimized in terms of temperature, time, amount of catalyst, type of base, oxidant, and solvent. Moreover, a variety of amides with an efficiency of 75-95% were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in the presence of benzyl alcs., amine hydrochloride salts, tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP), CaCO₃, and CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) at 80°C of acetonitrile solvent. The synthesized catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction medium and reused for 7 consecutive runs without a significant reduction in reaction efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Crystal structures of tetrakis-(4-chlorophenylthio)-butatriene and tetrakis-(tert-butylthio)-butatriene was written by Ibis, Cemil;Sayil, Cigdem;Deniz, N. Gulsah. And the article was included in Spectroscopy Letters in 2006.Formula: C4H9NaS This article mentions the following:

Tetrakis-(4-chlorophenylthio)-butatriene (3a) and tetrakis-(tert-butylthio)-butatriene (3b) were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined The compound 3a is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 6.9785(8), b = 8.6803(9), c = 22.884(2) Å, β = 93.887(6)°, Z = 2. The compound 3b is monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, a = 11.0615(6), b = 10.8507(4), c = 11.2717(6) Å, β = 116.427(2)°, Z = 4. The title compounds 3a and 3b reside on an inversion center so that only half of the mol. is crystallog. unique. Both compounds are not planar. The crystal structures of 3a and 3b have cumulated double bonds. The C7-C8-C8ⁱ and C5-C6-C6ⁱ angles that show the linearity in both structures, resp., are 176.4(3)° in 3a and 175.6(2)° in 3b. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Formula: C4H9NaS).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C4H9NaS

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation of combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates and its application in synthesis of chiral alcohols by the asymmetric reduction of carbanyl group was written by Yang, Meng;Jiang, Huijuan;Ning, Chenxi;Wei, Dongzhi;Su, Erzheng. And the article was included in Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao in 2018.Formula: C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

Using ketoreductase KRED 30 from Corynebacterium sp. and the D-glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis as the model enzymes, a combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) with high activity was prepared by optimization of the precipitant type, glutaraldehyde concentration, crosslinking temperature and time. Characterization of the combi-CLEAs showed that the stability and substrate tolerance of free enzymes mixture were significantly improved after combined crosslinking. Investigation of catalytical performance showed that combi-CLEAs could effectively catalyze the reduction of Et 4-chloroacetoacetate (COBE) and 3′-chloroacetophenone (CPO) for the synthesis of corresponding chiral alcs. in aqueous system. Only a little cofactor was needed to start the reactions. The catalytical activity could retain more than 70% after continuously catalyzing for 10 batches. The result showed that catalytical performance of combi-CLEAs in the biphasic system was much better than that in aqueous system. The total turnover number (TTN) for catalyzing COBE could attend 6595, and TTN for catalyzing CPO could attend 7500. Thus, cofactor regeneration by combi-CLEAs is feasible. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Formula: C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterisation of the probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16 and its ability to produce the postbiotic metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid was written by Diez-Gutierrez, Lucia;San Vicente, Leire;Saenz, Jessica;Barron, Luis Javier R.;Chavarri, Maria. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been widely studied due to its beneficial effects on health such as protect against pathogens, enhance the immune system, or produce metabolites like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The objective of this study was the evaluation of the GABA-producer L. plantarum K16 isolated from kimchi. The safety and probiotic characterization of this strain was performed by analyzing carbohydrates fermentation, enzymic activity, antibiotics susceptibility, and haemolytic and antimicrobial activity. Likewise, GABA production was optimized following a one-factor-at-a-time procedure by changing relevant fermentation parameters like incubation temperature, yeast extract concentration and fermentation time. The results indicated that L. plantarum K16 has the potential to stimulate the digestion and absorption of several nutrients and it could have an inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria. The best results for GABA production by this strain was around 1000 mg/L, using 12 g/L of yeast extract, 34 °C of incubation temperature and 96 h of fermentation time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6COA of Formula: C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrogen, a good partner for rhodium-catalyzed hydrosilylation was written by Balan, Cedric;Pop, Roxana;Comte, Virginie;Poinsot, Didier;Ratovelomanana-Vidal, Virginie;Le Gendre, Pierre. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2014.Name: (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The influence of hydrogen pressure on the hydrosilylation of ketones catalyzed by [((S)-SYNPHOS)Rh(nbd)]OTf was studied. The authors notably demonstrated that hydrogen significantly affected the outcome of the reaction while not being consumed as stoichiometric reducing agent. In THF, di-Et ether or toluene, the hydrogen pressure exceedingly accelerated the hydrosilylation reaction and preserved or even improved the enantioselectivity of the process. In CH₂Cl₂, the Rh catalyst also showed generally higher catalytic activity under hydrogen pressure. Most serendipitously, several ketones were found to give products of absolute opposite configuration upon performing the hydrosilylation under argon atm. or under hydrogen pressure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Name: (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Profile of ospemifene in the breast was written by Berga, Sarah L.. And the article was included in Reproductive Sciences in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic, progressive medical condition prevalent among postmenopausal women, which produces symptoms such as dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and vaginal irritation. Currently, the only prescription options are systemic and vaginal estrogen therapies that may be limited by concerns about long-term safety and breast cancer risk. Ospemifene is a tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist (a selective estrogen receptor modulator) recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of dyspareunia, a symptom of VVA, due to menopause. Ospemifene, the first nonestrogen oral treatment for this indication, may provide an alternative to treatment with estrogen. Animal models with ospemifene suggest an inhibitory effect on growth of malignant breast tissue, but animal data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to humans. Clin. trials, including 3 long-term studies assessing the overall safety of ospemifene, support that ospemifene is generally well tolerated, with beneficial effects on the vagina, neutral effects on the breast, and minimal effects on the endometrium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts