Month: January 2023

A unique material comprising “passion” with the physiological action of passenol^TM(piceatannol) was written by Kawakami, Shinpei;Tanzil, Adrianus David;Mori, Sadao;Kawama, Toshihiro;Morita, Minoru. And the article was included in Kagaku to Seibutsu in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Passenol^TM, which is rich in the characteristic polyphenol called piceatannol, is a material whose skin effect (improvement of water content and elasticity) and fat burning promoting effect introduced this time have been demonstrated in human tests. Currently, it is not only blended in its own products, but also sold as a raw material, and the author hope that the spread of products containing the passenol^TM will contribute to improving people’s QOL as much as possible. The author believe that piceatannol has many functions that have not yet been clarified, and the author will continue to work on research aimed at elucidating new functions and working mechanisms of passenol^TM and piceatannol. In parallel with the development of raw materials, the author is also engaged in research on the functionality of piceatannol, and this time the author will introduce the physiol. effects of passenol^TM and its active ingredient, piceatannol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of Se and Epichloe endophyte on the growth and metabolic compounds of Festuca sinensis was written by Zhou, Lianyu;Jiao, Lu;Ju, Jiasheng;Ma, Xuelan;Jiang, Xia;Qiao, Feng. And the article was included in Weishengwu Xuebao in 2021.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

[Objective] To investigate the effects of Na₂SeO₃ and Epichloe sp. on Festuca sinensis, we studied the growth indexes and metabolic compounds [Methods] By using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometer, we detected the metabolic compounds of the shoots and roots of F. sinensis two geog. populations with and without Epichloe endophyte, and metabolite differences were determined among treatments using LSD test. [Results] Geog. populations Haibei (HB) and Yushu (YS) resp. had 206 metabolites and 205 metabolites. There were significant differences in metabolites between shoots and roots. Geog. population HB shoots, HB roots, YS shoots and YS roots, resp. showed 27, 42, 40 and 33 marked metabolites using LSD (P<0.001). These marked metabolites were some nitrogen compounds, carbohydrates and organic acids. 9, 8, 5 and 14 common marked metabolites were resp. found between HB shoots and roots, between YS shoots and roots, between HB and YS shoots, and between HB and YS roots. Epichloe endophyte caused a highly significant increase in tyrose for geog. population HB shoots and roots (P<0.001). Selenium induced highly significant increases in α-ketoisocaproic acid in HB E+ and E- shoots and roots (P<0.001). There were highly significant increases of aspartic acid for HB shoots and roots by interaction of the Se and Epichloe endophyte (P<0.001). In addition, selenium treatment highly significantly increased α-ketoisocaproic acid and acetol for shoots and roots in geog. population YS E+ and E- (P<0.001). [Conclusion] There were significant differences in metabolites of the shoots and roots of two geog. populations. Epichloe endophyte infection and/or selenium treatment can increase the concentrations of some compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Osteogenic Capacity of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells is Preserved Following Triggering of Shape Memory Scaffolds was written by Tseng, Ling-Fang;Wang, Jing;Baker, Richard M.;Wang, Guirong;Mather, Patrick T.;Henderson, James H.. And the article was included in Tissue Engineering, Part A in 2016.Quality Control of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Recent advances in shape memory polymers have enabled the study of programmable, shape-changing, cytocompatible tissue engineering scaffolds. For treatment of bone defects, scaffolds with shape memory functionality have been studied for their potential for minimally invasive delivery, conformal fitting to defect margins, and defect stabilization. However, the extent to which the osteogenic differentiation capacity of stem cells resident in shape memory scaffolds is preserved following programmed shape change has not yet been determined As a result, the feasibility of shape memory polymer scaffolds being employed in stem cell-based treatment strategies remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that stem cell osteogenic differentiation can be preserved during and following triggering of programmed architectural changes in shape memory polymer scaffolds, human adipose-derived stem cells were seeded in shape memory polymer foam scaffolds or in shape memory polymer fibrous scaffolds programmed to expand or contract, resp., when warmed to body temperature Osteogenic differentiation in shape-changing and control scaffolds was compared using mineral deposition, protein production, and gene expression assays. For both shape-changing and control scaffolds, qual. and quant. comparable amounts of mineral deposition were observed; comparable levels of alk. phosphatase activity were measured; and no significant differences in the expression of genetic markers of osteogenesis were detected. These findings support the feasibility of employing shape memory in scaffolds for stem cell-based therapies for bone repair. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Quality Control of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel-Catalyzed Phosphine Free Direct N-Alkylation of Amides with Alcohols was written by Das, Jagadish;Banerjee, Debasis. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Herein, we developed an operational simple, practical, and selective Ni-catalyzed synthesis of secondary amides. Application of renewable alcs., earth-abundant and nonprecious nickel catalyst facilitates the transformations, releasing water as byproduct. The catalytic system is tolerant to a variety of functional groups including nitrile, allylic ether, and alkene and could be extended to the synthesis of bis-amide, antiemetic drug Tigan, and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist Itopride. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the participation of a benzylic C-H bond in the rate-determining step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy and Dyspareunia in Postmenopausal Women was written by McLendon, Amber N.;Clinard, Valerie B.;Woodis, C. Brock. And the article was included in Pharmacotherapy in 2014.Reference of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and dyspareunia are common problems experienced by postmenopausal women, although few seek treatment. Symptom-based therapies include nonhormonal vaginal lubricants, vaginal moisturizers, low-dose vaginal estrogen, and systemic estrogen. The 2013 United States Food and Drug Administration approval of ospemifene, an estrogen agonist/antagonist for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dyspareunia associated with VVA, increased options available to women. Several studies have evaluated the effects of ospemifene on VVA and dyspareunia and indicate an improvement in subjective findings. Objective findings such as a decrease in pH and recovery of a premenopausal vaginal maturation index have been reported. Beneficial effects have also been demonstrated in bone. Evaluations of breast health support the safety of ospemifene, although data are limited to 1 yr. Short-term risks appear to be limited and include the development of hot flushes. Until addnl. comparative studies of ospemifene and estrogens have been performed, ospemifene should be recommended for women with symptoms of VVA and dyspareunia who are unable to tolerate or unwilling to take local or systemic estrogens. In this review, current evidence for the safety and efficacy of ospemifene in the treatment of moderate-to-severe VVA and dyspareunia are evaluated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Reference of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and Characterization of a Photocleavable Cross-Linker and Its Application on Tunable Surface Modification and Protein Photodelivery was written by Yan, Funing;Chen, Liaohai;Tang, Qiling;Wang, Rong. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2004.Reference of 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

A heterobifunctional photocleavable cross-linker based on an o-nitrobenzyl ester moiety was synthesized. The cross-linker has N-hydroxysuccinimidyl and disulfide groups attached at each end and thus can anchor a protein to a gold-coated substrate surface. Steady-state spectroscopic studies suggest that the cross-linker undergoes a clean C-O fragmentation upon irradiation with a quantum yield of 0.1. Consequently, immobilized proteins (such as avidin or antibodies) on a substrate surface can be released efficiently (>95%) under UV irradiation (λ > 300 nm) without degrading the protein functionality. We also demonstrated protein delivery via bioconjugation of protein mols. to a gold-coated at.-force microscope (AFM) tip. When the proteins are photoreleased from the AFM tip, they are delivered to the substrate surface as protein clusters of uniform size. This has been confirmed using both AFM and fluorescence microscopy. The application of bioconjugation in this study opens a new avenue for tunable surface modification and controllable protein delivery in studies of biol. systems on the nanometer scale. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Reference of 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of the first non-carbonyl cisoid fulvalene complexes with an Ru-Ru bond bridged by thiolate ligands was written by Watanabe, Masanobu;Sato, Masaru;Kai, Masahiro. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2003.Electric Literature of C4H9NaS This article mentions the following:

The addition of PPh₃ to a solution which was produced by the oxidation of [(η⁵-Cp)Ru(μ₂-η⁶:η⁶-C₁₀H₈)Ru(η⁵-Cp)]²⁺ (BF₄^–)₂ (1) with p-benzoquinone and BF₃·OEt₂ and subsequent Zn-reduction gave the transoid Ru-Fv complex (Fv = fulvalene) formulated as [(MeCN)₂(PPh₃)Ru(μ₂-η⁵:η⁵-C₁₀H₈)Ru(PPh₃)(MeCN)₂]²⁺ (BF₄^–)₂ (2a) in high yield as stable yellow crystals. Treatment of 2a with excess aryl thiols (ArSH; Ar = C₆H₅, p-CH₃C₆H₄ and p-ClC₆H₄), their thiolates and aryl dithiols (1,2-benzenedithiol or 3,4-toluenedithiol) or their dithiolates at room temperature afforded the Ru-Fv complexes bridged by thiolate ligands formulated as [(PPh₃)Ru(μ₂-η⁵:η⁵-C₁₀H₈)(μ₂-SAr)₂Ru(PPh₃)]²⁺ (BF₄^–)₂ (3a–c), (ArS)Ru(μ₂-η⁵:η⁵-C₁₀H₈)(μ₂-SAr)₂Ru(SAr) (4a–c) and [(PPh₃)Ru(μ₂-η⁵:η⁵-C₁₀H₈)(μ₂-S₂C₆H₃R)Ru(PPh₃)]²⁺ (BF₄^–)₂ (5a; R = H, 5b; R = CH₃), in high yield, resp. Treatment of 2a with excess tert-butylthiolate produced [(PPh₃)Ru(μ₂-η⁵:η⁵-C₁₀H₈)(μ₂-S^tBu)₂Ru]²⁺ (BF₄^–)(S^tBu^–) (6a). In contrast with complexes 2–5, a coordinatively unsaturated Ru atom was found in 6a, which is probably formed owing to the bulkiness of the ^tBuS^– ligand. X-ray anal. of complexes 3–6 showed an Ru^III-Ru^III single bond. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Electric Literature of C4H9NaS).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C4H9NaS

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Changes in the aroma characteristics during the different processes of dry Cabernet Sauvignon wine production was written by Guo, Yingying;Zhang, Yancong;Yu, Ran;Wang, Fang;Wang, Wei;Zhang, Dai;Zhang, Jun. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

Wine contains a multitude of volatile and non-volatile compounds The sensory characteristics of wine are strongly influenced by the volatile aromas. In this study, we used headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the Cabernet Sauvignon Grape samples obtained from Ningxia (China) processed by drying, winemaking, and aging, resp. Thirty-seven compounds that significantly influenced the wine aroma characteristics were analyzed quant. Results showed a close correlation of grape or wine volatile components with the flavor characteristics. 16, 29, and 32 aroma compounds were characterized during the drying, fermentation, and aging processes, resp. Drying of Cabernet Sauvignon decreased fruity aromas but enhanced herbaceous and caramel aromas. After fermentation, the aroma component showed substantial increase, with more pronounced caramel, floral, and fruity characteristics in the wine. The aging process decreased the aroma content, but there appeared to be a pos. influence on the formation of aging aromas, such as furfuryl alc., furfural, and 5-methylfurfural. The aging process not only directly altered the general composition of wine, but also showed a pos. influence on sensory properties. These findings shed new light on the mechanism of wine drying, fermentation, and aging process, which can help improve wine characteristics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary vitamin E on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus was written by Zhang, Guan-Rong;Xu, Chao;You, Cui-Hong;Wang, Shu-Qi;Xie, Di-Zhi;Hasan, A. K. M. Munzurul;Ma, Yong-Cai;Li, Yuan-You. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

In order to investigate the dietary requirement of Trachinotus ovatus for vitamin E (VE) and its effects on tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reservation, a 56-day feeding trial was performed with five diets (D1-D5) supplemented with different levels of VE at 34.56, 47.35, 61.16, 91.06 and 144.88 mg VE/kg diet. A total of 375 fish (initial weight 13.40 ± 0.08 g) were randomly distributed equally into 15 sea cages and each diet in triplicate cages. After 8 wk of feeding, fish fed diet D3 exhibited significantly higher weight gain (WG), serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and also had higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 PUFA contents in the raw muscle than those of fish fed diets D1 and D5 (p < .05). Moreover, n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA contents in cooked muscle of D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than those of other groups (p < .05). Besides, the contents of hepatic arachidonic acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA in fish of D3 and D4 groups were also significantly higher than those of D1 group (p < .05). Correspondingly, the transcript levels of genes related to PUFA β-oxidation (cpt1 and pparα) and synthesis (fas and elovl5) were lower in D3 and D4 groups. Based on regression anal. for WG, the optimum dietary VE level was 90.75 mg/kg, which was consistent with the above results that fish fed diets D3 and D4 displayed better growth performance, antioxidant capacity and muscle PUFA stability, where the last suggesting an effect of dietary VE against PUFA β-oxidation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative metabolism of Sumithion-m-methyl-14C in several species of mammals in vivo was written by Miyamoto, Junshi;Mihara, Kazumasa;Hosokawa, Shunji. And the article was included in Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi in 1976.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

When orally administered to dogs, mice, rats, and rabbits, Sumithion (I) [122-14-5] labeled with 14C at the m-Me position of the 4-nitro-m-tolyl moiety was readily absorbed and distributed into various organs. The 14C was rapidly and completely excreted, mainly in urine. Seventeen metabolites accounting for 92-99% of the total urinary 14C were identified. Free and conjugated 4-nitro-m-cresol (II) [2581-34-2] and the demethyl derivatives of I and sumioxon(III) were the major metabolites. Total II and the demethyl derivatives accounted for 63.5 and 7.9%, resp., of the total 14C in urine of male rabbits, whereas they accounted for 36.1 and 56.9%, resp., of the total 14C in urine of male dogs. II sulfate [60463-13-0] was found at higher levels than II and II glucuronide [55373-21-2]. The urine of rats and rabbits contained the demethyl derivative of aminosumithion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-amino-m-tolyl phosphorothioate (IV) [13306-69-9], 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid [610-37-7], 4-amino-m-tolyl sulfate [60463-07-2], 4-formylamino-m-cresol (V) [60463-08-3], V glucuronide [60463-14-1], and 3-hydroxymethyl-4-acetylaminophenol (VI) [60463-09-4]. III and IV were found in urine of rabbits, O,O-dimethyl O-4-acetylamino-3-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphorothioate [60463-10-7], O,O-dimethyl O-3-carboxy-4-nitrosophenyl phosphorothioate [60463-11-8], and 4-acetylamino-m-cresol [39495-15-3] in urine of rats, and 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzyl alc. [60463-12-9], V glucuronide, and VI in urine of dogs. No I was detected in urine of these mammals, though traces of I were found in feces of rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9SDS of cas: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts